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1

Functional Literacy in People's Lives

100%

Rabušicová M. , Oplatková P.

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tom 1

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nr 2

29-51

EN

The paper presents the results of a qualitative study into the lives of people with inadequate functional literacy skills. The data were collected through a biographical interview with a respondent whose characteristics correspond to those of a hypothetical person likely to exhibit signs of low functional literacy. The characteristics, such as gender, age, parental education achievements and job history, of this hypothetical person have been derived from the results of research into adult functional literacy undertaken in the Czech Republic in 1998-International Adult Literacy Survey (IALS). The analysis of the qualitative data focuses on three domains of the respondent's life, namely her family life, her school years, and her life style. The paper identifies the coping strategies used by the respondent in her everyday life.

2

Long-term changes in the phytoplankton of Lake Charzykowskie

100%

Wiśniewska M. , Luścińska M.

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tom Vol. 41, No. 3

90-98

EN

The research on phytoplankton communities in Lake Charzykowskie was carried out at intervals since the 1940s till the beginning of the 21 century. Long-term observations, initially of the species composition and in the following years also of the biomass and the concentration of chlorophyll-a in relation to habitat conditions, allowed to assess the impact of the catchment area on changes in the trophic status of the lake for over 50 years. And thus, based on the results of physicochemical analysis and studies on the phytoplankton structure in the 1940s, the lake was classified as ß-mesotrophic (Cabejszek 1950), between the 1960s and the1990s as eutrophic (Szulkowska-Wojaczek 1968, 1976; Wiśniewska 1994, 2000), in 2004 as hypertrophic (Wiśniewska 2005), and in 2008 and 2009 as meso-eutrophic.

3

The life strategy and dynamics of selected species of phyto- and zooplankton in a dam reservoir during ;wet' and 'dry' years

100%

Pociecha A. , Wilk-Wozniak E.

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nr 1

EN

The investigation was carried out during “dry” and “wet” (average: 478.6 mm and 624.7 mm, respectively) years in the Dobczyce Reservoir, which is located in a foothills area of southern Poland. The Reservoir covers 985 ha, has a volume of 108 × 10⁶ m³, a mean depth of 11 m and an average flushing rate of 2.9 yr⁻¹. Statistical analysis (ANOVA) showed that “dry” and “wet” years differed markedly as regards hydrological variables (water flow and flushing ratio). Among the physico-chemical variables, it was the concentration of NH₄-N that differed most in years of the different hydrological types. The main aim of the study was to check the life strategies and dynamics of selected species among the phyto- and zooplankton during the aforementioned “dry” and “wet” years. The assessment centered on changes in population densities for algal species of differing life strategies according to the Reynolds’ classification, particularly S-species (Microcystis aeruginosa (Kütz.) Kütz., Woronichinia naegeliana (Unger) Elenkin., R-species (Asterionella formosa Hass, Cyclotella sp.) and C/S-species (Ceratium hirundinella O. F. Müller) Bergh, Cryptomonas sp.). C species like Chlorella, Rhodomonas and Stephanodiscus hantzschii Grun. (in Cl. & Grunow), which were present in only small numbers, were not taken into consideration. No algal species presented any statistical differences in average population density between the studied years. Factors correlated (Pearson correlation) with the density of algae were found to be: flow, flushing ratio, transparency, turbidity and NO₃-N. Changes in the density of selected zooplankton species representing r-strategists (Bosmina longirostris (O. F. Müller, 1785), Brachionus angularis Gosse, 1851, Pompholyx sulcata Hudson, 1851) and K-strategists (Daphnia cucullata Sars, 1862, Daphnia longispina O. F. Müller, 1785, Eudiaptomus gracilis (Sars,1863) were also studied. The densities of Keratella cochlearis (Gosse, 1851) and Mesocylops leuckarti (Claus,1857) differed significantly between hydrological years. Physical environmental factors like flow, flushing ratio, transparency and turbidity were correlated with zooplankton density, as was shown by Pearson correlation coefficient. Our investigations did not confirm the hypothesis that R (phytoplankton) and r (zooplankton) species are favored by “wet” years, while species of types S (phytoplankton) and K (zooplankton) prefer the conditions present in “dry” years. Only the two zooplankton species characterized as different strategists (i.e. the r-selected Keratella cochlearis and K-selected Mesocyclops leuckarti) responded in significantly different ways to “wet” and “dry” years.

4

Natural and anthropogenic coniferous forest communities of the Wapienica Valley and their role in maintaining populations of protected and rare plants

84%

Orczewska A.

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tom 69

5

Patterns of variation in reproductive parameters in Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx)

67%

Nilsen E. B. , Linnell J. D. C. , Odden J. , Samelius G. , Andren H.

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nr 3

EN

Detailed knowledge of the variation in demographic rates is central for our ability to understand the evolution of life history strategies and population dynamics, and to plan for the conservation of endangered species. We studied variation in reproductive output of 61 radio-collared Eurasian lynx females in four Scandinavian study sites spanning a total of 223 lynx-years. Specifically, we examined how the breeding proportion and litter size varied among study areas and age classes (2-year-old vs. >2-year-old females). In general, the breeding proportion varied between age classes and study sites, whereas we did not detect such variation in litter size. The lack of differences in litter sizes among age classes is at odds with most findings in large mammals, and we argue that this is because the level of prenatal investment is relatively low in felids compared to their substantial levels of postnatal care.