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Politics and criticism in the work of young Belarusian poets

100%

McMillin A.

Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski

2016

tom 1

189-199

Young poets at the beginning of the 21st century are often critical of their Leader and the physical and spiritual state of the country. The state of the language, a central part of the national heritage, features widely, sometimes with pathos at others with mordant humour, in this respect similarly to references to the leadership. Also important are official distortions of history, false media reporting and regrets at the present state of both the city and the country as a whole. As most of their books come out in small editions, they are probably considered harmless by the authorities, unlike the regular street demonstrations. Moreover, they provide something of a safety valve to release the widespread dismay felt by many of the nationally conscious intelligentsia.

POWODY KŁAMANIA POLSKICH UCZNIÓW I STUDENTÓW

100%

HAMER K. , RAYWER K. , ZIĘBA E. M.

Civitas et Lex

2015

nr 3(7)

17-34

Based on Paul Ekman’s typology of motives of lying, authors wanted to investigate how often they motivate pupils and students to lie. Two studies were conducted: 1) in primary schools and a high school, 2) on different universities. In the second study we also measured the level of need for approval and agency/communion (the Big Two). Both studies gave similar results, revealing that pupils and students declared higher frequency of lying motivated by avoiding any inconvenience than by gaining some kind of profit. Detailed analyses showed that the highest frequency of lying was motivated by two reasons: to protect oneself or someone else from danger and to avoid uncomfortable, awkward situations. Next in frequencies were motives driven by willingness to avoid any nuisance (e.g. punishment, embarrassment or to protect one’s privacy). In both studies lying driven by willingness to gain some kind of profit (e.g. reward, being liked, admired or to gain power) was declared as rather rare. Analyses showed that the latter result was not free from influence of need for approval. Both age and sex played a certain role in these declarations. In the first study, boys significantly more often than girls declared to lie to protect oneself or someone else from danger, to secure one’s privacy and to gain power. There were no such differences in the second study (among students). As to age, primary school pupils declared lying to be liked (girls) and admired (boys) more often than teenagers in high school, while the latter declared lying to gain power and to protect oneself or someone else from danger more often than primary school pupils. In turn, students declared, significantly more often than younger subjects, to lie for all reasons. The Big Two turned out to be of little significance – only lower level of communion was, as expected, connected to higher frequency of both categories of lies (to gain / to avoid), especially in certain reasons of lying (e.g. to gain power or admiration). The results are discussed in the context of further studies on bigger and more varied groups, Polish cultural specificity and possible biasing influence of need for approval in studies of lying.

Symbol dziecka w odsłonie spin jako narzędzie polityki i umacniania interesów władzy

67%

Strawińska A. B.

2019

tom 67

nr 6: Językoznawstwo

139-156

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie językowych mechanizmów manipulacji symbolem dziecka w postaci jednej z najniebezpieczniejszych technik fałszowania informacji, tj. spin. Na przestrzeni kilku ostatnich lat w przekazie medialnym obserwujemy nasilającą się, zwłaszcza podczas kampanii wyborczych, mistyfikatorską grę z odbiorcą polegającą na nieetycznym wykorzystywaniu wizerunku dziecka jako narzędzia walki politycznej. Przedmiot szczegółowych analiz stanowi symbol dziecka traktowany przez osoby publiczne jako rekwizyt kompetencji. Dziecko stało się doskonałym opakowaniem informacji o charakterze ideologicznym ucieleśniającym takie wartości, jak: życie, miłość, wolność oraz cechy typu: udane życie rodzinne, poświęcenie, altruizm.

The aim of the article is to present linguistic mechanisms of manipulating the child symbolism in one of the most nefarious fake information techniques – i.e. spin. The threat comes from the fact that deliberate misinformation known as spin focuses not on the means of communication but on the relationship between the speaker and the listener. In recent years we have been observing an increasing media misinformation game unethically abusing the images of children as a tool of political struggle, especially before elections. The subject of analysis in this work is specifically child symbolism used by public persons as a prop for showing competence. The child has become the perfect vector for transmitting ideological messages embodying such values as: life, love, and freedom, as well as qualities such as: satisfying family life, self-sacrifice, altruism.