Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

O internetowych ciasteczkach

100%

Zabawa M.

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nr 18

103-111

EN

The aim of the present article is to discuss the semantic loan ciasteczko (‘cookie’) used in Polish. The new meaning of the word, modelled on English, is connected with computers and the Internet. the new legal regulations in Poland require all Polish websites to inform the Internet users about the fact that a given website uses cookies. Quotations from various Polish websites are analyzed; it is clear that the form in question is far from fully assimilated into Polish, as there is a great deal of confusion seen among the authors of texts published on the Internet. Four main solutions are in operation: (1) the use of the English lexical borrowing only, (2) the use of the English semantic borrowing only, (3) the use of both the English semantic and lexical borrowing and (4) the use of the English lexical borrowing followed by a definition of the term in Polish. In addition, new collocations of the word are analyzed.

2

Anglicyzmy w polskim dyskursie naukowym

88%

Majchrzak O.

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tom 13 (23)

73 - 90

EN

The aim of the article is to examine the perception of lexical borrowings from English in Polish academic discourse, as there is a noticeable tendency in Polish to overuse Anglicisms in English linguistics. The author analyses the Polish language used by advanced users of English in their research domain, i.e. linguistics. In addition, she tries to establish how the academic Polish language with its marked English influences is perceived by scholars specialising in English and Polish. As the author’s research demonstrates, scholars specialising in the Polish language will accept more Anglicisms in Polish academic discourse than those specialising in the English language, which suggests that an individual’s perception of Anglicisms is determined not only by his or her linguistic awareness but also by the need to handle terminology in both languages.

3

A breakthrough book about the Polish-Eastern Slavic linguistic borderland

88%

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nr LXIX

4

The methodology and criteria of identification of Polish loanwords in Lithuanian

75%

Kregždys R.

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nr 18

195-217

EN

The article examines the methodology and criteria of identification of Polish loan words in Lithuanian. Also etymology, peculiar developments, and trends in the infiltration of these borrowings are discussed. The following conclusions are proposed based on our analysis: 1) Polonisms in Lithuanian can be divided into three groups, based on the principles of (α) establishing the primary source of the variants of the Lithuanian word (through areal distribution), and (β) the words’ phonetic, morphological and semantic identity (correlated with the modulation of α). Also taken into account are peculiarities in the usage of the primary forms (not necessarily in the inherited layer) on the West Slavic ground, and their secondary variants in the East Slavic languages (based on the inquence of factors α and β). The resulting three groups are: I. mo n o g e n i c (i.e. homogenous, not represented in the vocabulary of the East Slavic languages (based on factor α)), II. i n d e t e r m i n a t e (due to the presence of variants of loanwords from Polish in East Slavic vocabulary (factor α) in dierent time periods), III. a l t e r n a t i v e (III.. forms belonging to the inherited layer, characteristic of Polish and one of the East Slavic languages (with regard to factor α); III.. doublet variants of foreign origin, derived from a dierent primary source; III.. Semipolonisms). 2) The kg digraph is one of the crucial characteristics that allows Polish loanwords in Lithuanian to be divided into the monogenic, indeterminate, and alternative. It is attested in the structure of Old Belorussian lexemes, and it re!ects the phonetic feature of the Belorussian explosive velar consonant г /g/ in loanwords and in words of the inherited layer, in combinations with other consonants: зг, дзг, and джг. 3) Spirantization of the West Slavic sonant *ȓ (> ř /ź/ or /ś/), when the temporal factor is taken into account (the process operated till the 17th c.), is a feature of paramount importance as it allows Lithuanian words to be identified and attributed to either Polish or Belorussian. 4) The phenomenon of vocalization of the Polish lateral sonant ł (the shi' to //), also known as vavation, is reflected in those loanwords in Lithuanian which belong to a later period, in dialectal forms, and also in Belorussian lexemes, and it regulates the division of borrowings into Polonisms and Belorussianisms. 5) When attributing loanwords based on dierences in vowels, it is their place in the system that should be considered, not their pronunciation. 6) The etymological status of the borrowing is determined by a match between the semantic value of the word in Lithuanian, and the original form in the West and/or East Slavic languages. 7) The fact that the Polish etymon is itself of East Slavic origin, has no influence on the establishing of the status of Polonism for a borrowing into Lithuanian (so-called secondary Polonisms).

5

Czynniki wpływające na przyswajanie anglicyzmów. Studium terminologii żonglerskiej

75%

Kowalewski H.

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2020

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nr XXII/1

131–144

PL

Celem artykułu jest określenie czynników, które wpływają na proces adaptowania zapożyczeń leksykalnych z języka angielskiego wśród polskich żonglerów. Użytkownicy języka stojący przed pokusą zaadaptowania terminu angielskiego w celu nazwania nowej rzeczy lub zjawiska mają do wyboru jedną z trzech podstawowych strategii: mogą spróbować znaleźć lub stworzyć polski odpowiednik angielskiego terminu, stosować anglicyzm oraz polski odpowiednik równolegle lub używać wyłącznie anglicyzmu. Na wybór strategii wpływają przede wszystkim: 1) dostępność polskiego odpowiednika (fonetyczno-)semantycznego; 2) ekonomia językowa, czyli prostota składniowa i morfologiczna anglicyzmu oraz odpowiednika polskiego; 3) stopień utrwalenia odpowiednika polskiego; 4) stopień specjalizacji anglicyzmu. Ogólną tendencją wydaje się być preferowanie słów prostszych, lepiej utrwalonych i bardziej wyspecjalizowanych.

EN

The aim of the article is to determine the factors influencing the adoption of lexical borrowings from English into the terminology of Polish jugglers. Faced with the temptation to adopt an English term, users may resort to one of three main strategies: they may try to find or coin a Polish equivalent and use the equivalent exclusively, they may use the anglicism and the Polish equivalent interchangeably, or they may use the anglicism exclusively. The choice of the strategy is motivated mainly by: 1) the availability of the Polish equivalent, 2) syntactic and morphological simplicity of the borrowing and the Polish equivalent, 3) the degree of entrenchment of the Polish equivalent; 4) the degree of specialization the anglicism. In general, users tend to prefer simpler, more entrenched, and more specialized terms.

6

Konszabelant: osobliwy transfer językowy

63%

Bańko M.

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nr 4

55-65

PL

Artykuł dotyczy słowa konszabelant, znanego z dziecięcej piosenki Jestem muzykantem konszabelantem. Przedmiotem uwagi jest jej niemieckie źródło, paralelne piosenki w kilku innych językach, etymologia, znaczenie i zakres użycia słowa konszabelant, a przede wszystkim powody, dla których niemiecka fraza (Ich) komm’ aus Schwabenland ‘pochodzę (ew. przychodzę) ze Szwabii’ została w polskim tekście oddana w taki sposób, oraz okoliczności, w których się to stało.

XX

The article concerns the word konszabelant, known from the children’s song Jestem muzykantem konszabelantem ‘I’m a music man’. It focuses on the German source of the song, parallel songs in several other languages, the etymology of konszabelant, its meaning and scope of use, and above all the reasons why the German phrase (Ich) komm’ aus Schwabenlad ‘I come/arrive from Swabia’ was in the Polish text rendered in such a way, and the circumstances in which it happened.

7

Кто «придумал» крамбамбули и его название? – Об извилистых словесных путях и широко игнорируемом процессе словообразования

63%

Hentschel G.

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tom 18

29-43

EN

The contribution is about the history of a designation for a liqueur that was first produced by a distillery founded by the Dutch in Danzig at the end of the sixteenth century. However, the liqueur’s name Krambambuli only first appeared in German in the mid-eighteenth century and somewhat later in a similar form in Polish, Russian and Dutch. Today, some consider the liqueur typically Belarusian. Evidence shows that the name made a career for itself in student fraternities at German universities during the nineteenth century and was simultaneously expanded to become a designation for various kinds of alcoholic beverages. The etymology of the word has only been partially solved satisfactorily: to kram-. It will be shown how the emergence of the word can be explained with a “poetic” rule for word formation that has been known for decades but rarely heeded. German-Polish language contact might have played a role from the very beginning, but this becomes opaque along the word’s later winding path: from German into Russian back into Polish and then, from the latter into Belarusian.

RU

В данной статье речь идёт об истории названия спиртного напитка, появившегося на свет в Гданьске, в основанной голландцами в конце XVI века винокурне. При этом его название, Krambambuli, встречается в немецком языке только с середины XVIII века; в польском, русском и голландском оно в схожей форме появляется несколько позже. Сам напиток некоторые сегодня считают чисто белорусским. Есть свидетельства о том, что это название активно продвигалось в студенческих братствах немецких университетов XIX века, что сопровождалось его распространением в качестве обозначения спиртных напитков любого рода. Этимология слова на сегодняшний день разрешена только частично, а именно лишь по отношению к элементу kram-. В статье показывается, как с помощью «поэтического» правила словообразования, о котором известно уже несколько десятилетий, но которому практически не придаётся значение, можно объяснить происхождение слова. Немецко-польские языковые контакты могли вместе с тем с самого начала сыграть в этой истории определённую роль, которая вследствие запутанных путей нашего слова из немецкого в русский, оттуда опять в польский, а затем оттуда и в белорусский, со временем утратила свою прозрачность.

8

Dominujące elementy obcojęzyczne w wybranych słowiańskich dialektach miejskich (ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem dialektu miejskiego Ostrawy)

63%

Juszczak B.

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tom 170

135-145

EN

The article researches foreign language elements in the urban dialects of a few Slavonic cities. Those elements can function in urban dialects in different ways. In the urban dialects of Warsaw, Poznan, Lviv and Brno they appear as a result of lexical borrowings, which are caused by contacts between groups of citizens of different nationalities. In this situation a Czech city, Ostrava, stands out: all of the Polish elements in its urban dialect are proof of maintained remains of a Polish foundation. Those are still vivid marks of multiple and complex lingual contacts and historical events in the area of Zaolzie.

RU

Статья посвящена проблематике иноязычных элементов в городских диалектах некоторых славянских городов. Иноязычные элементы могут проникать в городские диалекты различными путями. В городских диалектах Варшавы, Познани, Львова и Брна они появляются как результат классических заимствований, как итог контактов групп горожан различных национальностей. В этом плане чешская Острава стоит особняком, так как все польские элементы этого городского диалекта представляют собой сохранившиеся остатки польского субстрата. Это ещё живые следы сложных языковых контактов и исторических событий на территории так называемого Заользия (чешс. Záolší).