Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

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Dual Citizenship in Poland and in Israel: Selected Legal Aspects in a Comparative Perspective

100%

Zawada P.

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tom 2 (47)

302-318

EN

The tragic years of World War II, followed by the unfriendly communist policy in Poland towards the Jewish community, changed the country from a multicultural into the most homogeneous state in the European Union nowadays. At the same time, Israel, as a meeting place for various cultures, enjoys the influence of inhabitants from nearly all over the world. The dissimilar experiences and problems faced by the governing bodies should influence different approaches to dual citizenship in Poland and Israel. In view of the above, in the presented work the author would like to analyze the issue of the legal approach to dual citizenship both in Poland and in Israel. The main goal of the paper, beyond comparison of the effectiveness of the legislation, is finding the answer to the question: what is the state’s attitude towards the issue of the dual citizenship of their citizens? The hypothesis that the article will verify states, that due to the small number of people with dual citizenship in Poland, Polish legislation devoted to this topic is not extensive and has dissimilarities to the law in Israel, which, in contrast, is more complex and better response to the needs of society. The reason for comparing Poland and Israel is the fact that Polish citizenship has been very popular among the citizens of the Jewish state, especially since 2004 when Poland became a member of the European Union. This issue, in the long run, may be one of the key determinants of Polish-Israeli and Polish-Jewish relations.

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Legal analysis of the U.S. supreme court position upon a safe berth warranty and evaluation of the UK legal position

84%

Boviatsis M. , Daniil G.

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2022

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tom Vol. 16 No. 1

27--32

EN

This research is focused upon the evaluation of safe berth clause pursuant to US law, in conjunction with UK law, based on the recent US Supreme Court ruling over “ATHOS I”, which was fixed pursuant to an ASBATANKVOY charterparty to carry a cargo of heavy crude oil from Venezuela to Paulsboro, New Jersey. The dispute arose during the final stretch of the voyage, as the vessel entered the Delaware River, an uncharted abandoned ship anchor ruptured the vessel’s hull causing 264,000 gallons of oil to spill. The Oil Pollution Act 1990 required the Owners to fund the clean-up costs in the first instance (limited to US$45 million) and the US Federal Government’s Oil Spill Liability Trust Fund reimbursed Owners for an additional US$88 million in clean-up costs. Owners and the US Federal Government filed suit against voyage charterers for breach of the ASBATANKVOY charterparty safe berth clause. The case went through two trials, and before the Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit twice, before the Supreme Court were asked to determine ultimate liability. The question before the Court was whether the safe berth clause was a warranty of safety, which meant that liability for an unsafe berth would be imposed on voyage charterers irrespective of whether they exercised due diligence. The answer to that question was yes; the language of the safe berth clause in this case was unambiguous and unqualified. The obligation on the voyage charterers was to designate a berth that was free from harm or risk such that the vessel come and go from always safely afloat. The Court went on to comment that “charterers remain free to contract around unqualified language that would otherwise establish a warranty of safety, by expressly limiting the extent of their obligations or liability. In the absence of any such qualifying language however the Supreme Court has made it clear that a charterer is liable to the owner for any consequences arising out of the ship being ordered to an unsafe berth, an obligation unfettered by any issues of due diligence or the degree of knowledge on the part of the charterer.

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ORGANIZACJE PROOBRONNE W POLSKIM SYSTEMIE PRAWNYM – STAN OBECNY I PERSPEKTYWY. ANALIZA POLITOLOGICZNA I PRAWNA

84%

Tomaszewska N.

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tom 2(7) Obrona Terytorialna i jej rola we współczesnych systemach bezpieczeństwa

129-140

PL

W polskim systemie prawnym funkcjonują trzy ustawy o organizacjach pozarządowych, na ich podstawie działają także organizacje proobronne. Organizacje te, pomimo ich szczególnej roli, nie zostały do tej pory objęte osobnymi regulacjami prawnymi. W niniejszej pracy Autor pokrótce definiuje organizacje proobronne, następnie opisuje istniejące akty prawne, które regulują działalność tych organizacji oraz dokonuje analizy politologicznej i prawnej, celem przedstawienia koniecznych w tym zakresie rozwiązań.

EN

The Polish legal system contains three NGO acts. They are legal basic also for pro-defence organizations. However, despite their specific role, the pro-defence NGO’s, so far have never been covered by separate regulations. In this paper Author briefly defines pro-defence organizations, and then describes the existing legal acts, which regulate the activities of these organizations and analyze the political science and law aspects of existing and further regulations.

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Prawna analiza rynku najmu mieszkań oraz propozycja rozwiązania sytuacji mieszkaniowej w Polsce

84%

Kaim K. , Kruzel R.

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2023

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tom R. 94, nr 9-10

195--198

PL

W artykule dokonano analizy problematyki ryzyka związanego z zawarciem umowy najmu jako zjawiska powstrzymującego właścicieli mieszkań od ich wynajmowania. Przedstawiono przyczyny ww. zjawiska, jak również przytoczono statystyki dotyczące obecnego udziału tzw. pustostanów w polskim rynku nieruchomości. Zestawiono ze sobą prawa przysługujące najemcy oraz wynajmującemu m.in. w oparciu o przepisy Ustawy z dnia 21 czerwca 2001 r. o ochronie praw lokatorów, mieszkaniowym zasobie gminy i o zmianie Kodeksu cywilnego (Dz.U.2022.1360 t.j. z dnia 2022.06.29). Przeprowadzono ankietę mającą na celu dostarczenie informacji, jak potencjalni wynajmujący postrzegają poszczególne kwestie odnoszące się do zawierania umowy najmu. Omówiono umowę najmu okazjonalnego jako pewnego rodzaju środek zaradczy oraz przeanalizowano ryzyko związane z zawarciem umowy najmu. Dokonano próby odpowiedzi na pytanie: czy lokatora rzeczywiście należy utożsamiać ze słabszą stroną stosunku najmu?

EN

The article analyzes the issue of the risk of entering into a lease agreement as a phenomenon that deters landlords from renting apartments. The reasons for the aforementioned phenomenon are presented, as well as statistics on the current share of the so-called vacancy rate in the Polish real estate market are cited. Juxtaposed are the rights of the tenant and the landlord, among others, based on the provisions of the Act of the June 21th 2001 - Tenants Rights, Municipal Housing Stock and the Civil Code Amendment Act (cons. act. Journal of Laws 2022.1360 of 2022.06.29). A survey was conducted to provide information on how potential landlords perceive the various issues relating to entering into a lease agreement. The occasional lease agreement as a kind of remedy is discussed, and the risks associated with entering into a lease agreement are analyzed. An attempt was made to answer the question: should the tenant really be equated with the weaker party to the lease relationship?

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Zmiana umowy o zamówienie publiczne na roboty budowlane w świetle znowelizowanego art. 144 PZP

67%

Wysoczański H.

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2017

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tom R. 20, nr 3

21--25

PL

Artykuł analizuje warunki dopuszczalności zmiany umowy o roboty budowlane zawartej w reżimie zamówień publicznych na podstawie znowelizowanego art. 144 PZP. W sposób szczegółowy zbadano przesłanki zastosowania oraz praktyczne konsekwencje zmiany tego przepisu, w tym znaczenie dla praktyki obrotu.

EN

The article examines the conditions of admissible change of contract for construction works concluded in the public procurement regime, under the amended article 144 of the Public Procurement Law. lt provides a detailed analysis of the grounds of application and practical implications of the amendment of this provision, including its impact on trade practice.