Safety of environment and human health is an essential requirement of modern industrial techniques. Therefore, using natural agents in tanning industry may emerge as a trusted method to avoid the chemical contamination caused by using traditional chromium salts in tanning process. This study aimed to evaluate the hot water extract of used coffee grounds (UCGs) as a vegetable tanning agent. The collected UCGs were dried and extracted with hot water at 90 °C for 2h. The phytochemical screening properties of UCGs extract were determined. Sufficient amount of extract was prepared to be used in leather tanning. Three groups were tanned with UCGs extract solely at concentrations of 20, 30 or 40% of pelts’ weight, while another three groups were tanned with the same concentrations and then re-tanned with 10% of a synthetic tanning agent “Phenol sulfonates”. On tanned leathers, organoleptic, physical and chemical properties were determined; scanning electron micrographs were depicted to examine the leather surface and collagen fiber bundles. Analysis of UCGs extract revealed that it has good tanning properties, as it contained tannins (14.92%), tannins/non tannins ratio (2.06), hide powder (39.57) and Stiasny number (21.16). The results of leather properties showed that using UCGs extract alone at concentration of 40% achieved the best results for the vegetable tanning where the tanned leather had higher (P<0.05) tensile strength, tearing strength and shrinking temperature than that treated with the lower level of 20% UCGs extract. However, 40% of UCGs extract is highly recommended to be used to accomplish the required shrinkage temperature that should be ≥ 70 °C. UCGs extract could be successfully used as tanning agent in vegetable tanning to produce durable leathers with good fullness; it may be used for different manufacturing products, such as footwear and bags. Moreover, using a combination of UCGs extract at any of the used concentrations with phenol sulfonates 10% led to significant improvement in all studied traits as compared with using UCGs extract alone.
W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań właściwości skór świńskich podszewkowych (skóry licowej i dwoiny podszewkowej) garbowanych bezchromowo. Badania prowadzono w skali przemysłowej. Garbowanie skór przeprowadzono za pomocą środków firmy Codyeco, w tym garbników na bazie biopolimerów. Oznaczono zawartość białka ogólnego i tłuszczu niezwiązanego, miękkość, temperaturę skurczu, przepuszczalność pary wodnej, wytrzymałość na rozciąganie oraz wydłużenie maksymalne skór. Otrzymane skóry charakteryzują się dobrym wypełnieniem naturalnych defektów strukturalnych skóry świńskiej, co nie wpłynęło negatywnie na przepuszczalność pary wodnej. Również uzyskana odporność hydrotermiczna jest wystarczająca dla tego rodzaju skór, a parametry wytrzymałościowe, zwłaszcza wydłużenie maksymalne, nieznacznie wyższe od wartości dopuszczalnej przez normy, jest korzystne dla tego rodzaju skór.
EN
The paper presents results on selected properties of porcine chrome-free leather on lining for footwear. The research was conducted in an industrial scale. Leather tanning was carried out by Codyeco products, including biopolymer tannins. The total protein and unbound fat content, the shrinkage temperature, water vapour permeability, tensile strength and maximum elongation of the leathers was determined. The obtained leather was characterized by a good filling of natural structural defects of porcine hides, which did not adversely affect the water vapour permeability. The resulting shrinkage temperature is sufficient for this type of leathers, and the strength parameters, especially the maximum elongation, slightly higher than the permissible value of the standard, are advantageous for this type of leather.
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