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Isometric scaling relationship between leaf number and size within current-year shoots of woody species across contrasting habitats

100%

Li T. , Deng J.-M. , Wang G.-X. , Cheng D.-L. , YU Z.-L.

nr 4

659-667

The scaling relationship between the number and size of plant’s components has been observed traditionally as reflective of a trade-off in resource allocation over ontogeny. The recent finding of a negative isometric leaf size/number trade-off across 24 deciduous woody species extends knowledge of such trade-offs to current-year shoots. Before generally accepted, this isometry has to be consistent across more datasets that represent diverse habitats. We tested this scaling relationship using 12 deciduous shrub species from the western Gobi Desert and 56 woody species from the northeastern temperate zone of China. Our results showed that leaf number per stem mass of current-year shoots scaled approximately isometrically with individual leaf mass within and across habitats, which, combined with the independence of total leaf mass and individual leaf mass, supports isometric scaling for shoot-scale leaf deployment. However, the intercepts of these relationships decreased significantly along the environmental gradients, suggesting that habitats could place a constraint on the total leaf number that can be supported by a given size shoot. Convergence towards higher leaf number and smaller leaf size for some desert species suggests important adaptive implications for photosynthetic carbon gain and reproductive growth.

Adaptation of European beech [Fagus sylvatica L.] to different ecological conditions: leaf size variation

100%

Barna M.

Polish Journal of Ecology

2004

tom 52

nr 1

This paper focuses on the issue related to the response of beech leaves to the opening of stand canopy resulting from a shelterwood cut of various intensity. Four research plots each with a different stand density provided different conditions for the development of foliage. The research was conducted on dominant, codominant and subdominant sample trees representing the mean stand diameter of all plots. The data were compared for the upper, middle and lower layer of tree crowns (each equals to one third of crown length). As for dominant and codominant trees, mean leaf area showed a tendency to increase towards the lower crown layer. As for subdominant trees, relation between the location of leaves in the crown and leaf area was similar to dominant and codominant trees but this trend was observed only on the plot most open. Only in the case of codominant trees the leaf area was decreasing with a decreasing stand density. Greater stand opening results in a proportionally smaller leaf area. Growing conditions for subdominant tree leaves were completely different when compared to conditions for upper tree classes. On the plots with harvest cutting we observed that a decreasing stand density resulted in a general increase of leaf size. The only exception to the rule was the control plot where the parameters recorded were higher and inconsistent with the above described trend.

A simple technique of random leaf collecting for biometric studies in a tree stand

80%

Zolkos K. , Meissner W.

tom 15

Habitat effects on leaf morphological plasticity in Quercus acutissima

80%

Xu F. , Guo W. , Xu W. , Wang R.

nr 2

19-26

Phenotypic plasticity acts to increase the performance of plants under stress. Leaf morphological plasticity and its causes in different environments are incompletely understood. We measured the leaf morphological parameters of Quercus acutissima Carr. seedlings, including leaf size, leaf shape and venation pattern, assessing the effects of different habitat conditions on leaf morphological plasticity. A field study in forest edge and understory was combined with experiments simulating different light and water conditions. Leaf morphology variations occurred over most of the parameters, and the causes were consistent between the field study and lab experiment. Leaf size decreased with low supply of light and water. Leaf length and width were only affected by leaf area. The leaf petiole did not lengthen under shade stress, suggesting a trade-off relationship between functional tissues and support structures. Leaf shape became narrower in drought and broader in the shade, as reflected in changes in three leaf fractions. Higher vein density played a part in enhancement of mechanical support and water supply. Leaves with more teeth show more active photosynthesis, but are disadvantageous in xeric environments because of higher transpiration. Light was the main factor inducing leaf morphological plasticity. The variations caused by drought were due mainly to the allometry. Our results showed that the leaves of Q. acutissima seedlings respond to different habitats with phenotypic plasticity of morphology, suggesting that this is an important mechanism for seedlings to adapt to broader ecological amplitudes.