Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Lead concentration and the content of selected macroelements in lake sediments in Poland

100%

Bojakowska I. , Krasuska J. , Retka J. , Wilkomirski B.

Journal of Elementology

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2014

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tom 19

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nr 3

EN

Lead has been used extensively for thousands of years. Once introduced into the environment, like any other heavy metal, lead accumulates in soil and sediments. High lead concentrations in river and lake sediments can be harmful to aquatic organisms. At present, uncontaminated water sediments in the northern and central parts of Poland contain below 9 mg of lead per kg. The lakes located within the following lake districts: Greater Poland, Pomeranian and Masurian, provided 409 samples of surface sediments from deep spots (the profundal zone). All the samples were tested for the content of Pb and other selected macroelements. The content of Ca, Mg, Fe, K, Mn, Na, P, Pb and S was determined by ICP-OES and the total organic carbon (TOC) was evaluated by the coulometric titration method. The observed range of lead concentration was from below 3 to 222 mg kg-1. The average content was 37 mg kg-1, the geometric mean 30 mg kg-1, and the median 33 mg kg-1. In the majority of samples, the lead concentration was higher than the geochemical background. Only in 5.77% of the samples, the lead content was lower than 10 mg kg-1. The lead concentration in the sediments was relatively well correlated with the total organic carbon (r = 0.59), aluminium (r = 0.45) and sulphur (r = 0.47), moderately correlated with iron (r = 0.26) and potassium (r = 0.28), very weakly correlated with phosphorus (r = 0.12) and negatively correlated with the calcium concentration (r = -0.28). No correlation was observed for manganese (r = -0.05), magnesium (r = 0.07) and sodium (r = -0.07). Factor analysis revealed the presence of two factors that together accounted for nearly 45% of variation. The first factor included aluminium, potassium and magnesium, and the second one - sulphur and organic carbon. The lead share was low in the first factor (0.343), but very high in the second factor (0.757). Based on the results of the factor analysis, it can be assumed that lead in the organic matter-rich sediments of the profundal zone is deposited mainly in the form of sulphides. Lead concentration varied among the sediments obtained from various lake districts; it was lower in the lakes located within the Pomeranian Lake District than in those from Greater Poland and Masurian Lakes.

PL

Ołów jest wykorzystywany powszechnie od tysięcy lat. Uruchomiony do środowiska, podobnie jak inne metale ciężkie, podlega akumulacji w glebach i osadach wodnych. W osadach rzecznych i jeziornych duża zawartość Pb może szkodliwie oddziaływać na organizmy wodne. We współczesnych niezanieczyszczonych osadach wodnych na obszarze północnej i środkowej części Polski zawartość ołowiu wynosi poniżej 9 mg kg-1. Z jezior Pojezierzy: Wielkopolskiego, Pomorskiego i Mazurskiego pobrano 409 próbek powierzchniowych osadów z głęboczków jezior (strefa profundalna). We wszystkich próbkach określono zawartość Pb oraz wybranych pierwiastków głównych. Zawartość Ca, Mg, Fe, K, Mn, Na, P, Pb i S określono metodą ICP-OES, a zawartość węgla organicznego (TOC) – metodą kulometrycznego miareczkowania. Stężenie ołowiu wynosiło od <3 do 222 mg kg-1, średnia zawartość – 37 mg kg-1, średnia geometryczna – 30 mg kg-1, a mediana – 33 mg kg-1. W większości zbadanych próbek zawartość ołowiu była podwyższona w stosunku do wartości tła geochemicznego. Jedynie w 5,77% próbek zawartość ołowiu była niższa niż 10 mg kg-1. Stężenie ołowiu w osadach wykazuje stosunkowo wysoką korelację z zawartością węgla organicznego (r = 0,59), glinu (r = 0,45) i siarki (r = 0,47), słabą – ze stężeniem żelaza (r = 0,26) i potasu (r = 0,28), bardzo słabą – ze stężeniem fosforu (r = 0,12), ujemną – z zawartością wapnia (r = -0,28) oraz brak korelacji ze stężeniem manganu (r = -0,05), magnezu (r = 0,07) i sodu (r = -0,07). Analiza czynnikowa wykazała obecność 2 czynników, które łącznie wyjaśniają blisko 45% zmienności. Pierwszy czynnik grupuje glin, potas i magnez, drugi – siarkę i węgiel organiczny. Udział ołowiu w czynniku pierwszym jest niski (0,343), a w drugim – bardzo wysoki – 0,757. Na podstawie wyników analizy czynnikowej można przyjąć, że w bogatych w materię organiczną osadach strefy profundalnej jezior ołów występuje przede wszystkim w formie siarczków. Zaobserwowano zróżnicowanie w zawartości ołowiu w osadach różnych pojezierzy; osady jezior Pojezierza Pomorskiego zawierają mniej Pb niż osady jezior Pojezierzy Wielkopolskiego i Mazurskiego.

2

Lead microintoxication in children living in Bytom

100%

Norska-Borowka I. , Behrendt J.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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1999

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tom 08

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nr 3

3

Analysis of influence of communal and industrial wastes' quantit1es on lead concentration in leachate water

84%

Pastusiak A. , Tukiendorf A.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Inżynieria Środowiska / Politechnika Opolska

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2005

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tom Vol. 310, z. 6

123-129

EN

In the study we present the results of the relation between communal and industrial wastes' quantities dumped into a municipal landfill and lead concentration in leachate water. We found that the bigger accumulation of waste deposits, the higher concentration of Pb in leachate water from a landfill. The established relation is linear, To model empirical data the Bayesian approach was adopted. The computation procedure was based on WinBUGS software (for educational purposes some inference plots were added to the Bayesian analysis). The results were set in a table and graphed.

PL

W pracy przedstawiamy wyniki zależności pomiędzy ilością odpadów komunalnych i przemysłowych zgromadzonych na składowisku miejskim a zawartością ołowiu w odcieku. W badaniu stwierdziliśmy, że zwiększona akumulacja odpadów powoduje podwyższenie stężenia Pb w wodach odciekowych. Znaleziona zależność jest liniowa. Do modelowania danych empirycznych zastosowano metodę bayesowską. Obliczenia przeprowadzono w programie WinBUGS (w celach edukacyjnych do analizy bayesowskiej dołączono niektóre wykresy inferencyjne). Wyniki zestawiono w tabeli i przedstawiono graficznie.

4

Effect of various concentrations of lead and cadmium on early growth of maize

84%

Acta Agrophysica

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2008

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tom 11

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nr 3[158]

5

Blood lead concentrations in children from industrial areas in Southwestern Poland in 1995 and 2007

84%

Ignasiak Z. , Slawinska T. , Malina R. , Little B.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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2011

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tom 20

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nr 2

EN

The Legnica-Głogow Copper Mining District has been the site of metal mining for more than 50 years. Intensive environmental actions have, more recently, been aimed at reducing emissions of harmful substances in the region. We compared the blood lead concentrations of children resident in the copper smelting district in southwestern Poland in 1995 and 2007. The sample included 1,405 children, 7-15 years of age, resident in the same communities in the Legnica-Głogow Copper Mining District in 1995 (432 boys, 403 girls) and 2007 (279 boys, 291 girls). Blood samples were drawn (venipuncture) and analyzed for lead levels (Pb-B) with the same protocol in both years (atomic absorption spectrometry in a graphite furnace). Analysis of covariance, with age and age squared as covariates, was used to compare blood lead levels between years, regions (Głogow and Legnica), and genders. The prevalence of children with blood lead levels >6 μg/dl was compared between years, regions, and genders, and was compared with the chi square statistic (χ²). Blood lead level was significantly higher in 1995 (7.52±0.12 μg/dL) compared to 2007 (4.80±0.16 μg/dL), a decline of 2.72±0.19 μg/dL over the 12-year interval. Blood lead levels were higher in boys than in girls in each year, and declined between 1995 and 2007 in each gender, 8.61±0.16 μg/dL and 5.31±0.23 μg/dL, respectively, in boys, and 6.43±0.17 μg/dL and 4.29±0.22 μg/dL, respectively, in girls. Percentages of high blood lead levels (>6 μg/dL) were significantly higher in boys than girls in both years (1995: 77.5% and 51.9%, respectively; 2007: 32.6% and 16.5%, respectively), and declined significantly between 1995 and 2007 in both genders. Blood lead levels decreased over the interval of 12 years in school children resident in the Legnica-Głogow Copper Mining District.

6

Concentrations of Zn, Pb, Cu, Cd and Ni in the waters of the Narew River and some of its tributaries

84%

Szymczyk S. , Grabinska B. , Koc-Jurczyk J.

Journal of Elementology

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2007

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tom 12

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nr 3

EN

In the paper, the effects of differences in land use of a catchment and settlements on the variability of heavy metals concentrations (Zn, Pb, Cu, Cd, Ni) in the Narew River and some of its tributaries such as the Biebrza, upper Narew, Pisa, Omulew and Rozoga rivers were studied. The investigations continued from 1997 to 2002. The areas dewatered by the watercources differ considerably in terms of environmental features (forests, wetlands, bogs and water reservoirs), land use (arable lands, grasslands) and population (man-made areas). The total catchment of the Narew River at the cross-section in Zamski Kościelne was also taken into account. The urban areas make up from 0.5% of the Rozoga River to 2.5% of the upper Narew catchment. Water samples were collected quarterly (April, July, October and January) from four study sites located near the river mouth and were analyzed for Zn, Pb, Cu, Cd and Ni by the AAS method. The results showed that concentrations of Pb, Cu, Cd and Ni increased along the Narew River due to the accumulation of the elements in water. A significant influence on high heavy metal concentrations in water was produced by the town of Białystok, a source of large amounts of municipal pollutants discharged into the river. This mainly affected the content of Zn, as the highest pollution with this element was detected in the upper Narew River. The lowest Zn concentrations were observed in the Omulew River water, where forests dominated in the area, covering more than 48% of the catchment. The research showed that wetlands and lakes significantly decreased Pb, Cu, Cd and Ni concentrations in flowing water, but the presence of large inhabited areas with dense population and municipal pollution increased concentrations of heavy metals in river water.

PL

W pracy badano wpływ zróżnicowanego użytkowania obszaru zlewni oraz osadnictwa na zmienność stężenia metali ciężkich (Zn, Pb, Cu, Cd, Ni) w wodach Narwi i wybranych jej dopływów: Biebrzy, górnej Narwi, Pisy, Omulwi i Rozogi. Odprowadzają one wody z obszarów (zlewnie cząstkowe) znacząco zróżnicowanych pod względem warunków przyrodniczych (lasy, obszary podmokłe, bagna, zbiorniki wodne), sposobu użytkowania (grunty orne, użytki zielone) i zaludnienia terenu (tereny zantropogenizowane). Uwzględniono również zlewnię całkowitą Narwi po punkt pomiarowy w Zambskach Kościelnych. Na obszarze badań tereny zurbanizowane zajmują od 0,5% powierzchni w zlewni Rozogi do 2,5% w zlewni górnej Narwi. Badania obejmowały lata 1997-2002. Próbki wody pobierano z nurtu rzeki w punktach przyujściowych cztery razy w roku: wiosną (kwiecień), latem (lipiec), jesienią (październik) i zimą (styczeń). Oznaczenia Zn, Pb, Cu, Cd i Ni wykonano metodą absorpcyjnej spektrometrii atomowej. Wykazano, że wraz z biegiem rzeki Narwi, w wyniku kumulacji pierwiastków w wodzie, wzrastało stężenie Pb, Cu, Cd i Ni. Na wzrost stężenia metali ciężkich znaczący wpływ wywarła obecność w zlewni dużej jednostki osadniczej - miasta Białystok. Było to związane z dopływem większej ilości zanieczyszczeń bytowych powodujących wzrost stężenia Zn w górnej Narwi. Najniższe stężenie Zn stwierdzono w wodach odpływających Omulwią, w której zlewni dominowały lasy - ponad 48% powierzchni. Wykazano również, że występowanie terenów bagiennych, torfowych i zbiorników w zlewni wpływa na zmniejszenie stężenia Pb, Cu, Cd i Ni w wodach rzecznych, ale obecność dużych jednostek osadniczych i związany z tym dopływ zanieczyszczeń bytowych powoduje zwiększenie stężenia badanych metali ciężkich w wodzie rzecznej.

7

The relations between the effect of Cd and Pb on the growth of maize seedlings, and their IAA and H2O2 content

84%

Sitko K. , Kurtyka R. , Burdach Z. , Siemieniuk A. , Pogrzeba M. , Sas-Nowosielska A. , Malkowski E.

BioTechnologia. Journal of Biotechnology Computational Biology and Bionanotechnology

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2013

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tom 94

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nr 3

8

Mercury, lead and cadmium concentrations in Talpa occidentalis and in their digeneans of the genus Ityogonimus

84%

Adalid R. , Torres J. , Minarro M. , Miquel J. , Fuentes M. V. , Eira C. C.

Acta Parasitologica

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2019

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tom 64

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nr 3

9

Elevated lead concentration in skeletons of diurnal birds of prey Falconiformes and owls Strigiformes from Eastern Poland - ecological approach and review

84%

Komosa A. , Kitowski I.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

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2008

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tom Vol. 15, nr 3

349-358

EN

Lead concentration levels in skeletons of 57 individuals of 15 species of diurnal birds of prey and owls have been determined. The greatest mean concentration of lead in skeletons was exhibited by the Great Spotted Eagle Aquila clanga: 44.8 mg/kg (d.m.). In 23 individuals from 11 species the concentration of lead was determined at >10 mg/kg, which indicates elevated and potentially toxic, long-term exposure to lead over the lifetime of the bird. The highest percentage of individuals with lead levels of >10 mg/kg was established for: Great Spotted Eagle, Eurasian Buzzard Buteo buteo, Eurasian Marsh Harrier Circus aeruginosus and Rough-legged Buzzards Buteo lagopus. Raptors, who often use game animals as food resources show the highest determined lead concentration levels.

PL

Zbadano poziomy stężeń ołowiu w szkieletach 57 osobników z 15 gatunków ptaków szponiastych i sów. Największe średnie stężenie ołowiu stwierdzono w kościach orlika grubodziobego Aquila clanga: 44,8 mg/kg (s.m.). W 23 osobnikach pochodzących z 11 gatunków stężenia ołowiu określono jako >10 mg/kg, co wskazuje na występowanie- podwyższonego, potencjalnie toksycznego długotrwałego narażenia na ołów. Największy procent osobników przekraczających ten poziom skażenia ołowiem (>10 mg/kg) stwierdzono w przypadku orlika grubodziobego Aquila clanga, myszołowa Buteo buteo, błotniaka stawowego Circus aeruginosus i myszołowa włochatego Buteo lagopus. Drapieżniki, wykorzystujące zwierzynę łowną jako źródło pokarmu, wykazywały największe poziomy stężeń ołowiu w kościach.

10

The mechanisms of airborne particulate transport to sea via atmosphere taking Baltic for example

84%

Garbalewski C. , Berek H.

Oceanologia

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1978

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tom 08

11

Influence of cadmium and lead partitioning in water and sediment on their deposition in the sediment of a eutrophic dam reservoir

84%

Szarek-Gwiazda E. , Mazurkiewicz-Boron G.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2006

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tom 35

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nr 2

12

Impact of ecochemical soil conditions on selected heavy metals content in garden allotment vegetables

67%

Bielinska E. J. , Mocek-Plociniak A.

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tom 19

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nr 5

EN

The objective of our study was to investigate the activity of selected soil enzymes (dehydrogenases, phosphatases, urease, and protease), as well as cadmium and lead concentrations, in soils and vegetables from gardening allotments in areas exposed to industrial contamination and from areas of similar physiographic conditions but that were not exposed to the direct impact of industrial emissions. Investigations comprised eight gardening allotments situated in the area of Upper Silesia (Miasteczko Śląskie, Zabrze) and in cities in eastern Poland (Lublin, Stalowa Wola). Strong correlations were demonstrated between cadmium and lead concentrations in the soil and root systems of analyzed plants (red beet, carrot, parsley). The observed high inactivation of the examined enzymes in soils exposed to strong anthropogenic influence (the area of Upper Silesia) confirms that soil environment contamination with Cd and Pb reached levels that threaten living organisms.

13

Heavy metals in water of the Rusalka Lake in Szczecin following dredging of bottom sediments

67%

Hlynczak A. J. , Poleszczuk G. , Bucior A. , Rutkowska M. , Janeczko A. , Draszawka-Bolzan B.

Advances in Agricultural Sciences

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2008

|

tom 12

14

Deposition rates of atmospheric particulates determined from 210Pb measurements in soils and air

67%

Likuku A. , Branford D.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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2011

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tom 20

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nr 2

EN

Deposition rates of atmospheric particles were determined using previously published ²¹⁰Pb data in soils and air. The dry deposition velocities for moorland and woodland soils were 2.2±1.8 and 9±2 mm・s⁻¹, respectively. The ²¹⁰Pb concentration in rain was calculated to be 94±10 mBq・L⁻¹. The large (~4 times) deposition velocities in woodland relative to moorland soils is an indication of the degree of accumulation of particles, and most possibly contaminants within woodland soils, which is of practical importance in the mitigation of pollutant concentrations in urban areas by planting trees.

15

Effects of lead concentration and arbuscular mycorrhiza on growth, flowering and lead accumulation in shoots of Pelargonium hortorum L. H. Bailey 'Tango Orange'

67%

Nowak J.

Roczniki Akademii Rolniczej w Poznaniu. Ogrodnictwo

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2007

|

tom 41

147-151

16

Concentrations of Cd, Pb, Zn, and Cu in roach, Rutilus rutilus (L.) from the lower reaches of the Oder River, and their correlation with concentrations of heavy metals in bottom sediments collected in the same area

67%

Bochenek I. , Protasowicki M. , Brucka-Jastrzebska E.

Archives of Polish Fisheries

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2008

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tom 16

|

nr 1

17

Impacts of artisanal mining on some heavy metals concentration in surface water in Kutcheri, Zamfara State, North-West Nigeria

67%

Ishola R. A. , Amuda A. K.

International Letters of Natural Sciences

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2014

|

tom 15

|

nr 1

EN

This research assesses the concentration of Zn, Ag, Hg, Pb and Cu in surface water Kutcheri’s River Yankuzau and other streams coordinates range between longitude 11°48′ N to 11°53′N and latitude 7°00′ to 7°05′E using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometre (AAS). Artisanal mining has become prominent in these areas. It’s become imperative to analyze these metal concentrations because they are associated with gold mineralization. Apart from polluting the water by artisanal miners, heavy metals are released into the surface water which most villager drink without pretreatment.

18

Zawartość Pb, Zn, Cu w glebach przy drogach o różnym natężeniu ruchu w okolicach Łodzi

67%

Laskowsk S. , Toloczko W. , Rolka M.

Acta Agrophysica

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2001

|

tom 56

19

Growth characteristics of ornamental Judas tree (Cercis siliquastrum L.) seedlings under different concentrations of lead and cadmium in irrigation water

67%

Hatamian M. , Nejad R. , Kafi M. , Souri M. K. , Shahbazi K.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Hortorum Cultus

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2019

|

tom 18

|

nr 2

EN

Landscape plantations are significantly water demanding in many parts of the world, particularly in dry regions. Adequate water supply is the main limiting factor behind landscape development, maintenance and beauty in such environments. On the other hand, monitoring the growth response of ornamental and landscape plants to irrigation water containing heavy metals can be useful in management and application of municipal wastewaters to these plantations instead of application in edible vegetable crops production, which is common in many urban areas. In the present study, one year old seedlings of Judas tree (Cercis siliquastrum) were irrigated for two years with water containing 0, 15 or 30 mg L–1 of lead (Pb) in absence or presence of cadmium (0 or 5 mg L–1) in a factorial design, and under greenhouse conditions. Heavy metal treatments had no significant effect on leaf SPAD value; however, plants treated with Pb15Cd0 combination had significantly higher SPAD value than Pb30Cd5 combination that showed the lowest leaf SPAD value. Increasing the lead and cadmium levels of irrigation water increased the number of chlorotic and necrotic leaves of plant than control, whereas it reduced the average leaf area and new shoot growth. The control plants or plants treated with lower level of heavy metals showed the highest leaf area and new shoot growth. Leaf photosynthesis rate was significantly reduced in all heavy metal treated plants than control plants, as the lowest amount was in Pb30Cd5 combination treatment. All heavy metal treatments showed higher leaf soluble carbohydrates and proline content than in control plants. Leaf soluble carbohydrates were highest in Pb30Cd0 and Pb30Cd5 treatments, and leaf proline was highest in Pb30Cd5 and Pb15Cd5 treatments. The results indicate that Judas tree is a relatively tolerant species to high concentrations of Pb and Cd in root medium added through the irrigation water, and long term dual application of these heavy metals can have additive harmful effects on plant growth.

20

Estimation of health state and physical efficiency of children from rural area of Lubin-Glogow Copper-Basin and lead levels in blood serum. Preliminary results

67%

Ignasiak Z. , Januszewski A.

Folia Morphologica

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1998

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tom 57

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nr 3