Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Public Security as a Cooperative Activity a Few Thoughts on the Social and Public Image of Law Enforcement Work

100%

Szabolcs M. , Sallai J. , Szarvák T. , Tihanyi M. , Vince V.

Internal Security

|

2020

|

tom 12(1)

35-44

EN

Law enforcement is a unique, clearly delineated area of state involvement. Enhancing security is an important aim of state involvement, which affects diverse areas. Research thereon relate the interdisciplinary concept of security to conflicts and socio-economic crises. As a consequence, setting up a framework of policies for the topic demands a plurality of methods. The Good State and Governance report, published in 2015, names security and trust as defining spheres of influence. More specifically, the following 5 indicators presented as dimensions of public security and catastrophe management (citizens’ sense of security in public places of their residential area; citizens’ trust in the police; the number of registered wilful murders, intentional bodily injuries, and robberies; government expenditure on public order, civil protection, fire and catastrophe management per 1000 citizens; and the human resources of law enforcement) show well the importance of the common mindset associated with the Good State and Government special report. It is acknowledged that public security is a measurable social phenomenon; the objective state of private security is shown by criminal statistics; and public opinion concerning public security informs us about subjective security.

2

Challenges of Combating Cartels, 14 Years After the Enactment of Indonesian Competition Law

100%

Wahyuningtyas S. Y.

Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies

|

2014

|

tom 7(10)

279-306

EN

Fourteen years after the enactment of Indonesian Competition Law, the public has had the chance to witness the enforcement practice of the Commission for the Supervision of Business Activities (the Kppu), the competition supervisory authority of Indonesia. Being recognized as an aggressive competition agency, the enforcement of Indonesian Competition Law seems to largely rely on the discretion of the Kppu. However, a review needs to take place not only of how the competition authority accomplishes its tasks, but also how the enforcement process is outlined in the provisions of the Law itself. Around 72% of the cases dealt with by the Kppu concern bid-rigging, 14% cover other types of cartel practices, further types of anticompetitive conduct account for the rest. Despite being criticized as having excessive authority covering the investigation, prosecution, and ruling on competition law cases, the Kppu faces problems in battling cartel practices because major legal flaws exist, for instance concerning collecting evidences. The discussion will be limited to the combat with cartels. Competition law enforcement through the Kppu is administrative in nature albeit with some criminal law influences (evidence). Although it is possible to enforce the law by means of criminal injunctions and private claims, they have rarely been used so far, mainly because Indonesian Competition Law lacks clarity. Problems with existing procedures are rooted in the Kppu’s inability to obtain sufficient evidences. Two propositions are made how to deal with these difficulties – using indirect evidence and implementing a leniency programme, both based on existing Indonesian Competition Law or by amending the Law and inserting new provisions which would explicitly allow the use of both indirect evidence and a leniency programme.

FR

Quatorze ans après la promulgation de la Loi indonésienne sur la concurrence,le public a eu la chance d’assister à la pratique de l’application accomplie par la Commission pour la Supervision des activités commerciales (la KPPU), l’autorité de surveillance de la concurrence de l’Indonésie. Reconnu comme une autorité de la concurrence agressive, l’application de la Loi indonésienne de la concurrence semble se référer largement à la discrétion de la KPPU. Toutefois, un examen doit avoir lieu non seulement sur la façon dont l’autorité de la concurrence accomplit ses tâches, mais aussi la façon dont le processus d’application est décrite dans les dispositions de la Loi elle-même. Environ 72% des affaires traitées par la KPPU concernent des offres collusoires, 14% d’autres types de pratiques de cartel et encore d’autres types de comportement anticoncurrentiel compte pour le reste. En dépit d’être critiqué comme ayant autorité excessive couvrant des enquêtes, des poursuites, et des jugements sur les affaires de droit de la concurrence, la KPPU fait face aux problèmes rélatifs à la lutte contre les pratiques de cartel, car les grandes failles juridiques existent, par exemple en ce qui concerne la collecte des preuves. La discussion sera limitée à la lutte contre les cartels. L’application de la loi de la concurrence par la KPPU est de nature administrative mais avec quelques influences provenant du droit pénal (preuves). Bien qu’il soit possible d’appliquer la loi au moyen d’injonctions pénales et des demandes privées, ils ont été rarement utilisées jusqu’à présent, à cause de manque de clarté par rapport au droit indonésien de la concurrence. Les problèmes avec des procédures existantes sont enracinés dans l’incapacité de la KPPU d’obtenir des preuv es suffisantes. Deux propositions ont été faites sur la manière permettant de résoudre ces difficultés - en utilisant des preuves indirectes et en mettant en œuvre un programme de clémence, tous les deux basés sur la Loi indonésienne actuelle sur la concurrence ou en modifiant la Loi et introduisant des nouvelles dispositions qui permettraient explicitement l’utilisation des deux preuves indirectes et un programme de clémence

3

Bezpieczeństwo państwa i dostęp organów ścigania do danych internetowych a ochrona prywatności w orzecznictwie Trybunału Konstytucyjnego

100%

Skrzypczak J.

Przegląd Strategiczny

|

2016

|

nr 9

315-326

PL

This paper shows the conflict between two values protected in every democratic country by constitutional law. On the one hand, the right to privacy and on the other hand the competencies of the State to ensure the security of its citizens eg. by using secret surveillance measures. Therefore, it is necessary to seek an appropriate balance between these two standards protected by law based on selected judicatures of the Constitutional Tribunal in Poland, and the regulations of the Council o f Europe and the European Union.

4

Szlachta a duchowieństwo na sejmach w latach 40/50 XVI wieku

100%

Godlewski Ł.

Saeculum Christianum. Pismo Historyczne

|

2016

|

tom 1

145-160

EN

The Executionist movement’s programme from the beginning of its existence revoked the privileges of the clergy not only in the legal but also in the economic field. The Chamber of Deputies wanted: the clerical estate holders to perform military service, the abolition of tithes, the taxation of the church, to devote “annats” to the defense of the country and jurisdictional demarcation between secular and ecclesiastical courts . The Chamber of Deputies, fighting against the clergy favored by the king, unified their demands in order to act boldly in defense of their rights and gain new privileges. The final demands of the Executionist movement were formulated during the development of the Reformation and the transitional period caused by the change of the monarchs in the Republic of Nobles. The cumulation of these mechanisms in the middle of the 16th century not only stimulated the development and power of the Executionist movement but also intensified the conflict of interest between the clergy and nobility. The progress of the Reformation was accompanied by a growing dissatisfaction with the jurisdiction of the ecclesiastical courts over the nobility. The Chamber of Deputies formulated their suppositions depending on the situation outside and inside the country. The bishops failed to enforce the execution of judgments of the ecclesiastical courts. However, the right of sole judicial powers to pass verdicts connected with faith and religion were not taken away from the clergymen. It was just the opposite. Zygmunt August approved this privilege of the priests and at the same time executing verdicts on peerage was suspended. This case was, however, not completed and that is why succeeding parliaments worked on it furhter. The representatives of gentry did not manage to tax the income of church, despite serious efforts to do so. The king tried persistently to unite both political camps. However, the overextending of the whole Executionist program by the representatives prevented the achieving of a compromise or any similar outcome.

5

The Organisational Culture of the Police Force

100%

Farkas J. , Sallai J. , Krauzer E.

Internal Security

|

2020

|

tom 12(1)

77-84

EN

The concept of ’organisational culture’ can be described based on numerous approaches nowadays. This underlines the fact that it is a significant issue within work and organisational psychology. However, the growing scope of organisational culture and subculture types shows not only its significance, but also the appearance of its explanations in a wide spectrum. The extensive research of organisational culture is related to the trend that there is a growing interest of organisational development and human resource professionals in a deeper understanding of human behaviour in organisational settings, and the factors influencing it. Organisational culture includes communication with clients (in the case of police, citizens) and the relating approach system. The organisational culture cannot be considered basically “good” or “bad”. There are external and internal metrics and requirements that reflect the state of a given organisation: they indicate the quality and quantity of value creation, the organisation’s acceptance in its environment as well as its necessity in the society. The organisational culture is optimal if it serves the organisation’s tasks, objectives, the fulfillment of its duties, an the maintenance of its expedience, as well as if it is supportive, creative and facilitating. In an optimal organisational culture, the interests are enforced between the groups and people in the organisation in a peaceful way, their work is effective and successful, all conditions are ensured, the staff is satisfied, and the organisation’s output is accepted, recognised and required in its external environment. These organisations are acknowledged by the citizens and operate in accordance with their environments.

6

The Regulatory Consumer in EU and National Law? Case Study of the Normative Concept of the Consumer in Hungary and Poland

88%

Cseres K.

Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies

|

2016

|

tom 9(13)

9-42

EN

This paper analyzes the question how EU and national laws implemented and how courts and regulatory authorities apply two opposing regulatory approaches and the corresponding legally defined images of consumers in market regulation: the active and responsible consumer concept on the one side along with the more protective concept of vulnerable consumers on the other side. The paper examines the normative concept of the consumer from a broad perspective of market regulation by focussing on unfair commercial practices as this is a horizontal instrument involving a broad range of transactions in various markets and because the Unfair Commercial practices Directive 2005/29 specifically lays down the normative concept of the consumer (both ‘average’ and ‘vulnerable’) in its provisions. The analysis proceeds on the basis of the normative standard as developed in the ECJ’s jurisprudence on free movement rules and further provides a case study of two Central and Eastern European Member States – Hungary and Poland. It examines how EU law and national laws implemented, and how the ECJ and national courts and regulatory authorities interpret the normative concepts of the consumer (both ‘average’ and ‘vulnerable’). The specific questions the paper analyzes are: Do the existing normative notions of the ‘average’ consumer and the definition of consumers in EU and national law correspond to public policy discourse on consumers’ active role in regulating markets? How do these laws address the vulnerability of consumers? How do the EU and national law notions conceptually link to each other? And most importantly how do courts and regulatory authorities interpret these notions? The paper finds that while there are clear normative concepts of the consumer in the legislation and EU free movement jurisprudence, their application in other fields of EU consumer law, as well as in national law, demonstrate a more nuanced image of the consumer. The paper argues that the legal rules and the envisaged concepts of the consumer need to be enriched by insights from law enforcement. Moreover, both law and law enforcement must be informed both of how markets evolve and how the role of consumers changes as well as enriched by the results from other social sciences, most notably behavioural economics studying consumer behaviour.

FR

Cet article analyse la question comment le droit de l’Union européenne et le droit national mettent en œuvre, ainsi que comment les tribunaux et les autorités de régulation appliquent, deux approches réglementaires opposées à l’image légal du consommateur dans le domaine de la réglementation des marchés : d’une part le concept de consommateur actif et responsable, et d’autre part le concept plus protectrice de consommateur vulnérable. L’article examine le concept normatif du consommateur dans une large perspective de régulation du marché en mettant l'accent sur des pratiques commerciales déloyales. C’est parce que c’est un instrument horizontal qui implique un vaste éventail de transactions sur les différents marchés et parce que le Directive 2005/29 relative aux pratiques commerciales déloyales des entreprises prévoit le concept normatif du consommateur (« moyen » et « vulnérable ») dans ses dispositions. L’analyse est basée sur le standard normatif développé dans la jurisprudence de la Cour de justice de l’Union européenne concernant les dispositions sur la libre circulation, mais elle fournit aussi une étude de cas de deux États Membres d’Europe centrale et orientale - la Hongrie et la Pologne. Il examine comment le droit de l’Union européenne et les droits nationaux mettent en œuvre, et comment la Cour de justice de l’Union européenne, les cours nationales et les autorités de régulation interprètent, les concepts normatifs du consommateur (« moyen » et « vulnérable »). Les questions spécifiques analysées dans l’article sont suivantes : Est-ce que les notions normatives concernant le consommateur « moyen » et la définition du consommateur dans le droit de l’Union européenne et la législation nationale correspondent aux discours de la politique publique sur le rôle actif des consommateurs dans la régulation des marchés? Comment ces lois traitent la vulnérabilité des consommateurs? Comment les concepts utilisés dans le droit de l’Union européenne et le droit national sont liées ? Et surtout, comment les tribunaux et les autorités réglementaires interprètent ces notions? L’article constate que bien qu'il existe des concepts normatifs clairs du consommateur dans la législation de l’Union européenne et dans la jurisprudence de la Cour de justice de l’Union européenne concernant la libre circulation, leur application dans d’autres domaines du droit européen, notamment dans le droit du consommateur, ainsi que dans le droit national, démontrent une image plus nuancée du consommateur. L’article affirme que les règles juridiques et les concepts du consommateur doivent être enrichis par les expériences de l’application du droit. De plus, le droit et le système de son application doivent prendre en compte comment les marchés évoluent et comment le rôle des consommateurs change. De plus, le droit et le système de son application doivent être enrichi par l’expérience d'autres sciences sociales, notamment l'économie comportementale focalisé sur le comportement des consommateurs.

7

Integration Trends of EU Internal Security and Law Enforcement: How Legal, Technological and Operational Advancements Matter

88%

Loik R.

Baltic Journal of European Studies

|

2016

|

tom 6

|

nr 2

3-27

EN

Rising concerns about the spread of cross-border criminal networks and transnational terrorism have transformed the international security arena into a more diverse, fragmented, diffused, less visible and hardly predictable one. Thus, (in)security is more mobile and remote than some decades ago. The establishment of an integrated European security area requires efforts to develop common standards and joint practices in terms of harmonisation of legal systems, advanced integration of security measures and tools, coherence of procedures and shared operational methods of law enforcement. The article discusses the main integration trends, challenges and options of internal security reforms in the European Union (EU) from legal, technological and operational advancement perspectives. It is argued that some harmonisation of criminal law as sharing and pooling of sovereignty has been achieved on the supranational level. The approach of supra-territoriality development is proposed in terms of shared security space management, where enhanced functional needs towards discursive coherence by copulative regulations and technological measures can be innovated to overcome some obstacles in the EU’s security integration and achieve further operational success.

8

Abuse of Private Vehicle Strobe Lights and Sirens: Law Enforcement from the Islamic Perspective

88%

Rahmatullah P. , Tri Kurnianing Wang B.

Krytyka Prawa. Niezależne Studia nad Prawem

|

2024

|

tom 16

|

nr 1

149-161

EN

The community continues to be disturbed when strobe lights and sirens are abused. While sirens are used by private vehicles, they cause other drivers to automatically move aside to give way to the oncoming vehicle, strobes or light beams cause other drivers to feel blinded. This study employs a sociological method of empirical legal research. This study aims to examine how law enforcement uses Siyasah Dusturiyah and Law No. 22 of 2009 to target the usage of strobes and sirens on private vehicles. Law enforcement has taken steps to enforce the law on the use of strobes and sirens, including outreach with vehicle communities, based on the findings of the research. In line with Islamic teachings, the community and students have taken into consideration various aspects, particularly when viewed through the lens of Siyasah Dusturiyah. These include highlighting the advantages of promoting legal compliance and awareness as well as enhancing traffic safety and comfort.

9

Satelitarny system nawigacji wspomagający koordynację działań służb porządkowych

75%

Łukasik Z. , Kuśmińska-Fijałkowska A. , Wieczorek M.

Logistyka

|

2016

|

tom nr 1

290--296, CD1

PL

W artykule przedstawiono logistykę zabezpieczenia imprez masowych z wyszczególnieniem służby porządkowej oraz służby informacyjnej, powoływanych przez organizatora imprezy. Na potrzeby artykułu i ze względu na bardzo obszerny materiał omówiono tylko ogólnie zasadę działania satelitarnego systemu namierzania obiektów oraz dostępne systemy satelitarnej nawigacji. Analizą objęto zabezpieczenia imprez masowych w zakresie prawa, nadzoru nad służbami porządkowymi, zakres należących do nich działań oraz koordynację z innymi służbami zabezpieczającymi. Autorzy zaproponowali użycie odbiorników sygnałów satelitarnych i programu do wizualizacji obiektów chronionych z naniesionymi śladami pozycjonowania odbiorników, w celu zwiększenia efektywności zabezpieczenia imprez masowych.

EN

The article presents the security logistics of mass events detailing the security forces and information services, appointed by the organizers of mass events. For the purposes of the article and because of the very extensive material – only general principles of the satellite tracking objects system and available navigation satellite systems are discussed. The analysis covers the security of mass events in the law, oversight of secutity of mass events in the law, oversight of security forces, the scope of their activities and coordination with other services. There is also proposed to use satelite signal receivers and software for the visualization of protected areas with marked traces of positioning receivers to increase the security of mass.

10

Methodological importance of legal constructions and their influence on the legal norms interpretation

75%

Serediuk V.

Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie

|

2023

|

tom 2(38)

26-36

EN

The article reveals the methodological significance of legal constructions and shows their influence on the interpretation of legal norms. It has been found that legal construction is one of the epistemological tools of legal science and means of interpreting legal norms in the process of their implementation. A concentrated expression of the possible conditions of law enforcement determines the methodological significance of legal constructions during the interpretation of legal norms. The legal construction is shown as a set of stable connections of the object, which ensure its integrity and identity. Emphasis is placed on the fact that intraindustry and inter-industry connections of legal norms allow law to preserve its properties as a regulatory in the face of internal and external changes, to be stable and stable. The existence of a stable structure determines the existence of law as a system is a condition for the existence of law. The author came to the conclusion that in order to optimize legal interpretation activity, it is necessary to improve the process of eliminating defects in legal constructions. The ambiguity and inconsistency of legal constructions is a consequence of the increase in the number of scientific terms, special expressions, contradictions and gaps in the normative material. The reason for this is hasty normative design without compliance with the requirements of legal technique. With the help of legal constructions, insightful, detailed and in-depth clarification of the content of legal norms is carried out.

11

Technical and organizational aspects of the Automatic Number Plate Recognition System (ANPR)

75%

Kamiński T. , Niezgoda M. , Kruszewski M. , Matysiak A. , Filipek P.

Archives of Transport System Telematics

|

2012

|

tom Vol. 5, iss. 3

14-19

EN

Automatic Number Plate Recognition systems are already widespread over the world. Their performance, both with high computational efficiency of modern computers make them a very good solution to use in traffic supervision and management systems in the city and at the regional level in the scope of safety and security services. The most popular way of use ANPR systems concerns detection of violations in traffic law. In Poland implementation of ANPR systems is at the starting point. There is still a noticeable lack of integrated area solutions, and currently used ANPR systems could not reach their full potential. In the following article authors introduced basic problems of application of the ANPR systems in Poland due to the legal requirements. Moreover paper presents selected functional aspects of ANPR systems.

12

Coping with Low-Trust Situations in Eastern and Western Europe: On the Role of Justice and Corruption as Buffers of Interpersonal Distrust

75%

Mueller G. P.

Polish Sociological Review

|

2011

|

tom 174

|

nr 2

181-194

EN

This article focuses on the impact of interpersonal distrust on the perceived locus of control of the concerned person. It is argued that distrust triggers a psychological shift of the perceived locus of control towards distrusted others-a process, which may however be slowed down or even stopped by appropriate subjective or objective buffers. E.g. reliable law enforcement may have this buffering effect as well as the instrumentalisation of the state by corrupt practices. On the bases of interview data form the European Values Study, the article first shows for a great number of Eastern and Western countries the existence of the postulated negative impact of distrust on the degree of perceived internal control. In a second step, the article also investigates the buffering effects of trustworthy law enforcement and corruption. The statistical analyses demonstrate that in Central and Eastern Europe, corruption has a much stronger buffering effect than law enforcement, whereas in Western Europe, the strengths of the two types of buffers are just the reverse.

13

THE ROLE OF LAW ENFORCEMENT INSTITUTIONS IN PREVENTING AND COMBATING THE CRIME OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING

75%

Łyżwa A.

|

2019

|

tom 136(4)

258-272

EN

The subject of this study is the characteristics of Polish law enforcement authorities in the fi eld of preventing and combating the crime of traffi cking in human beings. The author points out that, based on existing legal regulations in Poland, the foremost burden related to prevention and prosecution activities of this type of crime lies within the scope of duties of the prosecutor’s offi ce, the Police, and the Border Guard. Thus, the article is devoted to a concise description of the indicated entities in terms of their legal instruments which make it possible to effectively implement the tasks and duties imposed by law and regulations upon the institutions. In the author’s assessment, the key role in the system is played by the prosecutor, who is the only authority sanctioned to make decisions on initiating the investigation and entrusting its conduct in its entirety or the indicated scope to other authorities, primarily the Police or the Border Guard. The prosecutor’s special role also results from the fact of being solely entitled to draw up and support an indictment in court in cases involving traffi cking in human beings. Nevertheless, according to the author, in practice, the main responsibility to carry out procedural and operational activities in this category of cases lies with the Police and Border Guard. The author points out that, at present, the Polish law enforcement system has appropriate instruments, both at the legal and institutional levels, ready for the effective prevention of and combat against crimes of human traffi cking. However, bearing in mind that the phenomenon of human traffi cking has, in principle, a cross-border dimension, the article highlights the aspect of international cooperation between the relevant institutions established to detect and prosecute these crimes.

14

About Joint Investigation Teams in a Nutshell

75%

Nagy J.

Issues of Business and Law

|

2010

|

tom 2

105-117

EN

Joint investigation teams are fundamental instruments of cooperation in the field of EU Freedom, Security and Justice. The core legal basis of the EU has not been implemented in all member states yet. Nonetheless, joint investigation teams have demonstrated their usefulness in investigating the most serious forms of criminality such as terrorism and drug trafficking. Implementation difficulties include admissibility of evidence in court, high costs of running joint investigation teams and drafting comprehensive agreements on setting up joint investigation teams. This instrument could be used more effectively, in particular through a stronger involvement of both Europol and Eurojust. Joint investigation teams can be considered as a valuable tool in the development of a criminal justice area in the EU.

15

Association between perceived stress, coping profile and fear during the COVID-19 pandemic among male and female police students

75%

Kukić F. , Orr R. M. , Vesković A. , Petrović N. , Subošić D. , Koropanovski N.

Medycyna Pracy

|

2022

|

tom 73

|

nr 3

179-190

EN

Background: Coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak was a sudden unknown stressor that could cause fear among people. Police officers were in the front lines, often unknowingly in direct contact with infected individuals, thus fear of getting infected (i.e., fear of COVID-19) could be higher in this population. Police students are preparing for the job of police officers and how they cope with a sudden unknown situation could be of importance for job performance and their mental health if such a situation occurs. This study aimed to investigate the association of perceived stress and coping strategies with fear of COVID-19 in police students. Material and Methods: Perceived stress scale-10, Brief COPE, and Fear of COVID-19 (FSV-19) were administered to 340 police students (female = 183 [53.82%] and male = 157 [46.18%]). Correlation analysis was applied to test the association between perceived stress, all dimension of coping and fear of COVID-19. Multivariate analysis of variance was used to investigate between-gender differences. For mediating and moderating effect of coping primary coping style were used. Results: MANOVA reviled that significant differences occurred in perceived stress, 3 primary coping styles and fear of COVID-19 based on a gender. Stepwise regression analysis extracted the most significant predictors of fear of COVID-19. Perceived stress was the strongest predictor in general and in both genders. Denial and self-distancing were significant coping subscales in males, while humour and denial were significant in females. Conclusions: Perceived stress and coping strategies that students used to deal with the situation moderately defined their fear of COVID-19 outbreak, with perceived stress being the strongest predictor.

16

Legal Regulation of Professional Activities of a Journalist in the Context of Crimes Against Journalists

75%

Kremenchuk I. , Horlov Y.

Reality of Politics

|

2019

|

nr 10

79-91

EN

The problem of legal regulation of professional activities of a journalist is relevant because the state and its law enforcement system, the state of law and order in the society as well as its moral values appear to the public as it is seen (or should be seen by their owners) by the mass media (hereinafter - the media). However, the real situation may differ significantly from how it is presented by the journalists. That is why their activity should be clearly regulated by law.

17

Jako zagadnienie: co decyduje, że obywatel czuje się bezpiecznie w swoim państwie

63%

Zieliński J.

De Securitate et Defensione. O Bezpieczeństwie i Obronności

|

2019

|

nr 1(5)

96-112

PL

Bezpieczne państwo to państwo dobrze i przejrzyście zorganizowane. Państwo, w którym wszyscy obywatele mają zagwarantowany stabilny byt i mają poczucie pewności własnego rozwoju. Osiągnięcie tego stanu uwarunkowane jest przepisami prawnymi, będącymi podstawowym instrumentem regulowania i określania pożądanych stosunków społecznych. Kluczowa rola przypada funkcjonowaniu administracji niższego szczebla, której – jak twierdzi Autor – nie można obarczać winą za sposób stosowania prawa, w którego granicach i w którego wykonaniu ma działać. Wykorzystanie (stanowienie) prawa uzależnione jest od partii politycznych zasiadających w parlamencie i kreujących skład władzy wykonawczej (rząd pochodzi z parlamentu), a ich reprezentacja (skład członków parlamentu) – od naszego obywatelskiego zaangażowania w wybory.

EN

A safe state is a well and clearly organized state. A state in which all citizens are guaranteed a stable existence and have a sense of confidence in their own development. Achieving this status is conditioned by legal provisions, which are the basic instrument for regulating and determining the desired social relations. The key role belongs to the functioning of the lower-level administration, which – as the author claims – cannot be blamed for the way the law is applied, within which limits and in which it is to operate. The use (lawmaking) of the law depends on the political parties sitting in parliament and creating the composition of the executive (the government comes from parliament), and their representation (members of parliament) – on our civic involvement in the election.

18

Manipulation of the Transfer of Information on the Example of the Activities of Polish Law Enforcement Agencies

63%

Konieczny M. K.

Roczniki Administracji i Prawa

|

2022

|

tom 4(XXII)

117-127

PL

Manipulacja jako sposób oddziaływania na człowieka ma wydźwięk negatywny z racji wykorzystywanych technik i sposobów oddziaływania oraz instrumentalizmu w relacji manipulatora z osobą poddawaną manipulacji. Dotyczy to również manipulacji informacją. Niemniej jednak w aspekcie prowadzonych dochodzeń i działań podejmowanych przez organy ścigania manipulacja informacją zyskuje nowy wymiar, ponieważ nierzadko prowadzi do ujawnienia prawdy i wykrycia sprawcy przestępstwa. Poza tym manipulacja informacją wykorzystywana jest w środkach masowego przekazu i służy uspokojeniu opinii publicznej oraz przywróceniu ładu publicznego. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie manipulacji informacją jako jednego ze sposobów działania organów ścigania. Podejście do powyższego tematu w pierwszej kolejności wymaga zdefiniowania, czym jest manipulacja, po czym scharakteryzowania zadań oraz specyfiki działania organów ścigania. W meritum artykułu zawarty jest opis zastosowania manipulacji informacją w pracy między innymi takich służb jak policja i prokuratura, wraz z analizą słuszności podejmowania takich działań oraz ukazaniem powyższej sprawy na wybranych przykładach. Poruszony w opracowaniu problem badawczy dotyczył wykorzystania informacji przez służby organów ścigania do manipulowania przekazem w celu uzyskania korzyści związanych z prowadzonym dochodzeniem. Ustalono, że wykorzystana w sposób celowy manipulacja informacją przez polskie organy ścigania pozwala uzyskiwać wymierne korzyści w postaci zdobywania informacji o sprawcach przestępstw, okolicznościach ich popełnienia, a także wykrycia motywów, które skłoniły do popełnienia przestępstwa. Ważnym aspektem manipulowania informacją przez polskie organy ścigania jest możliwość uspokojenia opinii publicznej poprzez udostępnianie tylko takich informacji, które nie będą wzbudzały paniki i niepokojów społecznych.

EN

Manipulation as a way of influencing a person has a negative connotation due to the techniques and methods of influence used, as well as instrumentalism in the manipulator’s relationship with the person subjected to manipulation. This also applies to the manipulation of information. Nevertheless, in terms of investigations and actions taken by law enforcement agencies, information manipulation gains a new dimension, as it often leads to the disclosure of the truth and detection of the perpetrator of the crime. In addition, the manipulation of information is used in the mass media and serves to calm the public and restore public order. The purpose of this article is to present information manipulation as one of the ways in which law enforcement agencies operate. The approach to the above topic requires first defining what manipulation is, and then characterizing the tasks and specificity of the activities of law enforcement agencies. The essence of the article includes a description of the use of information manipulation in the work of, inter alia, services such as the police and the prosecutor’s office, along with an analysis of the rightness of such actions and the presentation of the above case on selected examples. The research problem raised in the study concerned the use of information by law enforcement services to manipulate the message in order to obtain benefits related to the investigation. It was found that the deliberate manipulation of information by the Polish law enforcement authorities allows to obtain tangible benefits in the form of obtaining information about the perpetrators of crimes, the circumstances of their commission, as well as the detection of motives that led to the commission of the crime. An important aspect of information manipulation by Polish law enforcement agencies is the possibility of reassuring the public opinion by making available only such information that will not arouse panic and social unrest.

19

Laserowy miernik prędkości pojazdów

63%

Muzal M. , Wojtanowski J. , Mierczyk Z. , Zygmunt M. , Drozd T. , Jakubaszek M. , Knysak P. , Piotrowski W. , Traczyk M.

Elektronika : konstrukcje, technologie, zastosowania

|

2016

|

tom Vol. 57, nr 11

38--40

PL

W artykule zaprezentowano konstrukcję laserowego miernika prędkości opracowaną w Instytucie Optoelektroniki Wojskowej Akademii Technicznej we współpracy ze spółką ZURAD z siedzibą w Ostrowi Mazowieckiej, w ramach projektu PBS1/B3/10/2012 „Ręczny fotoradar laserowy” finansowanego ze środków Narodowego Centrum Badań i Rozwoju. Przedstawiono zasadę działania, funkcjonalność oraz parametry zaprojektowanego miernika.

EN

This article presents construction of laser speed meter (laser speed gun) designed and built in Institute of Optoelectronics of Military University of Technology in collaboration with the company ZURAD settled in Ostrów Mazowiecka. Work is a result of project PBS1/B3/10/2012 “Handheld lidar with camera” financed from the National Center for Research and Development. Basic principles of work, functionality and achieved parameters of designed speed gun are also shown.

20

Využití administrativních dat v oblasti vynucování práva pro analýzy aplikující statistické modely využívající informace o čase: příklad drogových politik

63%

Petruželka B.

Česká kriminologie (Czech Criminology)

|

2021

|

tom 6

|

nr 1-2

1-21

EN

Criminologists try to understand the nature of various changes, such as what leads to changes in crime. One of the shortcomings of criminology, especially in a Czech context, is the underdeveloped field of statistical modeling based on time-specific information. The aim of this article is to discuss the possibilities and limits of administrative data in the field of law enforcement while applying statistical models using time-specific information. Selected methods based on the use of data containing time-specific information, through the application of time series analysis, are presented: ARIMA models and structural change models. Furthermore, examples of such analyses are provided and a theoretical framework which facilitates the use of time series models is outlined. In addition, the availability of the data needed for such analyses is assessed.