Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Byl otec kancléře Prokopa z Rabštejna a humanisty Jana z Rabštejna žateckým konšelem? Příspěvek k bádání o usazování šlechty v českých městech v pozdním středověku

100%

Kozler D.

Historie – Otázky – Problémy (History, Issues, Problems)

|

2020

|

nr 2

37-48

EN

Jan of Rabštejn († approx. 1450), the father of Chancellor Prokop († probably 1470), the humanist Jan (1437–1473) and three other Rabštejn brothers, is identified in the literature with Ješek Rabštejn, who was a member of the town council in Žatec multiple times between 1402 and 1414. The aim of this paper is to provide a critical examination of this repeatedly stated yet never confirmed hypothesis. The author places the examined matter in the broader context of research on the settlement of the nobility in Bohemian towns in the late Middle Ages, observes the genesis of the current interpretation and, based on an analysis of relevant sources, reaches the conclusion that the nobleman Jan of Rabštejn and the Žatec burgher Ješek Rabštejn were very probably two different people.

2

P. Węcowski, Początki Polski w pamięci historycznej późnego średniowiecza

100%

Rutkowski R.

Rocznik Antropologii Historii

|

2014

|

nr 1(6), Semiotyka historii

351–356

XX

Review article of P. Węcowski's book "Początki Polski w pamięci historycznej późnego średniowiecza".

3

Unikatowy zespół „pochówków” zwierzęcych z Grzybowa, gm. Staszów, woj. świętokrzyskie

100%

Garbacz K.

Raport

|

2017

|

tom 12

123-145

EN

The author presents results of the research of a complex of animal “burials” discovered at a multicultural necropolis in Grzybów. During the research conducted in 1985-1990 12 “burials” and 7 so-called accompanying pits, dated to the 14th century on the basis of pottery, were excavated. These burials, most of which contained the remains of dogs, as well as a pig or boar, a goat, a cat, cattle and, in one case, a skeleton of a human foetus, are interpreted as the remains of an unspecified pagan ritual – a gathering during which collective consumption of animals took place. At the end of the ritual, bones and clay pots were thrown into deep pits containing traces of fires burnt at their bottoms or in their immediate vicinity.

4

Chronologia wznoszenia krzyżackiego murowanego zamku prokuratorskiego w Nidzicy w świetle źródeł pisanych

88%

Jóźwiak S.

Zapiski Historyczne

|

2022

|

tom 87

|

nr 3

5-22

EN

The erection of the brick castle of the Teutonic Order in Nidzica (border territory of the state of the Teutonic Order with Mazovia), intended as the seat of the Teutonic pfleger, directly subordinate to the commander of Ostróda, began at the end of the 14th century. The castle has so far been studied almost solely by historians of art, who were not entirely familiar with the numerous medieval written sources that referred to it. The analysis of the records (documents, correspondence, bills, stock lists) carried out in this article provides answers to two key questions. First, the brick castle of the Teutonic pfleger in Nidzica, which has survived to this day, was built in the period of 1399–1409, contrary to the suggestions of previous researchers, who dated it about 20 years earlier. The main (western) wing was completed in 1405. In the following years, intensive construction work was carried out on the other three wings of the main castle and the surrounding defensive curtain wall (and possibly the outer bailey). In March 1409, the first mention of a Teutonic pfleger appeared in the sources, and the newly built castle became his headquarters. Secondly, the earlier wood-earthen fortress (probably erected in the 1350s) was placed in a different location, which is still unrecognized today.

5

Prozopografia pruskiej gałęzi zakonu niemieckiego w pierwszej połowie XIV wieku. Uwagi krytyczne na marginesie książki Norberta Delestowicza

88%

Krajniak R.

Zapiski Historyczne

|

2023

|

tom 88

|

nr 4

119-156

EN

The book by Norbert Delestowicz on members of the Teutonic Order in the first half of the 14th century was highly anticipated within the scholarly community, and the research conducted by the historian from Poznań seemed promising. Until now, comprehensive biographies were prepared only for the representatives of the Prussian branch of the Teutonic Order, who appeared in primary sources up to 1309. In his endeavour to bridge this historiographical gap, the author of the reviewed book undertook an extensive effort to create a collective portrait of the analysed group and to construct several hundred biographies of Teutonic knights, priests, and sariant-brothers. However, the laborious task of accurately collecting and organising the vast amount of source material posed numerous challenges for the author, leading to evident shortcomings. This discussion article aims to highlight various errors that can be found throughout the book, including those in the general chapters, individual biographies, and the appended lists of Teutonic officials and convent members. Many of these errors suggest the disorder that prevailed during the creation of different parts of the book, as well as shortcomings stemming from incomplete or inadequate use of available primary sources and relevant scholarly publications. Regrettably, the extent of identified deficiencies prevents us from considering the reviewed monograph as a fully successful scholarly publication.

6

K majetkovým pomerom na Čabradskom panstve v neskorom stredoveku

88%

Maliniak P.

Acta historica Neosoliensia Vedecký časopis pre historické vedy

|

2017

|

tom 20

|

nr 1

4-34

EN

At the turn of the 14th and 15th century, documents mention desolate castle Litava. The castle belonged to nobles from Kaza (present-day Sajókaza), afterwards occupied by Czech soldiers. In 1461, king Matthias Corvinus conquered the castle Litava, already called Čabraď. He gave the castle to Damian Horvát as a donation and Damian has renovated and extended castle dominion. Around 1503, the Horvát family sold the castle with dominion to Thomas Bakócz. He has been extending the dominion as well, then he gave it to his relatives – the Erdődy family. At the end of the Middle Ages, a part of the Čabraď dominion was the castle of the same name, farm around the castle, wasteland or solitary farm Čabraď (present-day farm Konské), village Čabradský Vrbovok, shares in village Medovarce, village Devičie, Teplica (present-day farm Tepličky near Hontianske Nemce), Krnišov, Žibritov, shares in village Štefultov, villages Ilija, Svätý Anton, Prenčov (both villages with extincted farms Pakhaus, Dorfel and Štálov), Beluj and Lehôtka (present-day Sitnianska Lehôtka). In the south-eastern part of Hont County are there Opava, Čelovce, shares in village Ďurkovce, farm Neklinec, village Horné Nekyje (at present-day, both are part of village Vinica) and shares in village Sečianky. Other property lied in the middle part of the Hont County. These were shares in villages Rykynčice, Plášťovce and Slatina. In the west of Hont, share in village Devičany and southward located villages Veľký Pesek, Trhyňa (at present-day, both are part of village Sikenica) and Šalov belonged there. According to territorial distribution, they created several property units. The most stable of them lied in the north of the Hont County, near the village Svätý Anton. Other units bought southward in the basin Ipeľ and Hron had the form of property shares. Later, they have come under proprietary changes in various extent.

7

Between language and space. Descriptions of the medieval townscape in late medieval Old Warsaw

88%

Zachara-Związek U.

Historická geografie (Historical Geography)

|

2022

|

tom 48

|

nr 2

95-112

EN

The article presents and compares ways of describing the urban space of late medieval Old Warsaw found in sources of municipal and ducal provenance. The main types of objects present in each of the mentioned source categories, appearing in the function of the object of legal action or as a reference point, have been identified. Schemes for identifying objects are described, using the objects’ proper names and/or reference to other points in the urban space. Linguistic issues related to the way urban space was described are also discussed.

8

Vztahy města Cheb a české šlechty v pozdním středověku: konflikty, kooperace, komunikace

88%

Boukal J.

Historie – Otázky – Problémy (History, Issues, Problems)

|

2020

|

nr 2

61-68

EN

This study is focused on the issue of relations between the Czech nobility and the town of Cheb — a hereditary imperial pledge attached to the Kingdom of Bohemia. It examines both the issues of conflicts (so-called feuds — private wars) and non-conflict relations. In addition to confrontation and cooperation between the examined subjects, the study also raises the question of what form communication between the Czech nobility and Cheb took.

9

České královny a královská Věnná města v pohusitské době (1436-1526):

88%

Beran Z.

Mediaevalia Historica Bohemica

|

2019

|

tom 22

|

nr 2

119-150

EN

The goal of this study is to capture and describe the specific characteristics of royal dowry towns in the post-Hussite period (1436–1526). As this is an institution that lasted from the High Middle Ages until the mid-19th century, caution is required to avoid transferring characteristics and evaluations from other periods. The approach used respects the state of institutionalization at the time, which in the Middle Ages often took a personal nature or was not continuous. The study asks the following questions: What made Czech royal dowry towns unique? What made them different from other royal towns? What importance did this group of towns have in the historical context of the time? What tied the dowry towns to the queens and the offices of their chamberlains? What effect did the frequent use of these towns as collateral have on them? The sources used most often are municipal rights, correspondence between dowry towns and manorial or regional officials, correspondence between towns, correspondence with the surrounding nobles, legal proceedings, normative sources, and chronicles.

10

Późnośredniowieczne naczynia z Międzyrzecza. Przyczynek do studiów nad pochodzeniem i użytkowaniem wyrobów szklanych

87%

Sawicka J.

Slavia Antiqua: rocznik poświęcony starożytnościom słowiańskim

|

2019

|

nr 60

371-392

EN

In the late medieval settlement layers of the gord in Międzyrzecz, a small collection of glass vessels was excavated. Several forms of tableware were reconstructed and research was conducted into the chemical composition of the glass. The examined piece of a vessel and the glass is potassium glass which comes in two varieties: calcium-potassium-magnesium-silica (CaO-K2O-MgO-SiO2) and calcium-potassium-magnesium-aluminium-silica (CaO-K2O-MgO-Al.2O3-SiO2). The forms of the vessels and the chemical composition of the examined glass indicate the basic goods manufactured in Central Europe.

11

Kariera Michała Küchmeistra w zakonie krzyżackim w Prusach do 1410 roku

75%

Jóźwiak S.

Zapiski Historyczne

|

2021

|

tom 86

|

nr 4

55-69

EN

The analysis of primary sources presented in this article determines that the career of Michael Küchmeister in the administrative structures of the State of the Teutonic Order in Prussia until 1410 at certain points significantly differed from what the scholarly literature previously assumed. His first office to appear in primary sources was the castle commander of the Commandry of Rhein, newly established in 1394. After that territorial administration unit was dissolved in 1397, Küchmeister held other offices in the Commandry of Balga, such as the companion of a local commander and the Pfleger of Rastenburg. However, in 1400 he certainly was not the Schäffer of Elbing. Immediately before the end of June 1402, Küchmeister was appointed the Großschäffer of Königsberg. Most likely he held this office until the end of September 1404. From this moment, he was probably the Pfleger of Gerdauen for a year and then in September 1405, he was granted the office of a Vogt in Samogitia which had been re-conquered by the Teutonic Order. He stayed there until August 1409. In September 1409, by command of Grand Master Ulrich von Jungingen, he set out on a diplomatic mission to Hungary. Unfortunately, there is no record of his actions in the period of six months between August 1409 and April 1410. At the end of April 1410, he was appointed the Vogt in the Teutonic Neumark. The further steps in the career of Küchmeister, who eventually reached the office of the Grand Master of the Teutonic Order in January 1414, are well known.

12

Ordynacje dla służby dzwonnej kościoła Świętojańskiego w Toruniu z pierwszej połowy XVI wieku

75%

Sumowska A. , Sumowski M.

Zapiski Historyczne

|

2021

|

tom 86

|

nr 4

151-174

EN

This article provides a source edition of two instructions for ringing bells at St John the Baptist and St John the Evangelist Church in Toruń (Thorn). The sources come from the collection of archival files related to the history of this church, kept in the State Archives in Toruń. They date back to the first half of the sixteenth century. The authors attempted to establish the purpose of writing down the presented ordinations, characterized the church servants that appear in the source material and examined their duties regarding bell ringing. The article also examines the fees paid for ringing bells during church services and the associated remuneration for bell-ringers. Moreover, particular attention was paid to the liturgical calendar of the parish of St John the Baptist and St John the Evangelist Church in Toruń.

13

Zur Diskussion über das Wismarer Verfestungsbuch 1353–1430

75%

Jeziorski P. A.

Zapiski Historyczne

|

2022

|

tom 87

|

nr 2

117-131

EN

The presented text is a contribution to the discussion on the latest edition of the Wismar register of the proscribed from 1353–1430, published in 2019, and a thematically related collection of studies entitled Verfestungen, Stadtverweisungen, Urfehden. Kriminalität und ihre Ahndung in mittelalterlichen Hansestädten am Beispiel Wismars. The paper draws attention to those research issues that have been omitted or insufficiently highlighted in the mentioned studies. In this regard the article mentions the rules for freeing oneself from proscription, the erroneous equation of proscription and banishment, and the means of deleting entries in registers of the proscribed. It was also noted that deleted entries generally occur in the most recent sections of registers of the proscribed. Their absence usually signals the sections of records from more distant times that have lost their relevance and thus no longer needed to be edited on an ongoing basis. Moreover, the article emphasises the need for research into such issues as the social composition of the proscribed who appeared in the Wismar register, as well as their victims, female criminality, cases of relapse into crime among the proscribed, and the subsequent fate of such ‘recidivists’, or the attitude of municipal authorities to crimes committed against the representatives of the broadly understood social margin. When researching these issues, the comparative perspective should be broadened to include registers of the proscribed from late medieval towns in the Kingdom of Poland and the Teutonic Order state in Prussia.

14

The Queens of the Kalmar Union: ‘Sed in hoc negocio longe prestancius exhibuit se regina quam rex’

75%

Jahnke C.

Zapiski Historyczne

|

2023

|

tom 88

|

nr 2

33-63

EN

In the research on the Kalmar Union, the focus has mainly been on the kings as personae agens of the development. Even though one could not avoid treating Queen Margaret Valdemarsdatter as the founder of the Union, she has often been portrayed as genderless in political terms. Her successors, on the other hand, disappeared into historical obscurity or were mentioned more in passing sentences. Yet the queens had a considerable influence on the cohesion of the Union, just as Dorothea of Hohenzollern and Christine of Wettin played a role in restoring or maintaining the dynastic claims of the Oldenburg family. This article will therefore attempt to shed light on the political role of these princesses within the Kalmar Union and at the same time try to find reasons for the damnatio memoria of these queens.

15

Medieval Liturgical Vestments Depicted in the Iconographic Programs of Southern Transylvanian Churches (14th to 16th centuries)

75%

Stoia A.

Review of Ecumenical Studies Sibiu

|

2016

|

tom 8

|

nr 1

27-55

EN

This work sets out to list and describe the liturgical vestments present in panel and mural paintings of churches located in southern Transylvania. The surviving body of such vestments on display in the ”Brukenthal” National Museum of Sibiu and that of the Black Church of Brașov not only confirms their use in religious services, but also the fact that they served as models for Transylvanian ecclesiastical painting. Of Western derivation, this type of vestment reflects a way of thinking and stands testament to social status or to the different hierarchies within the church. It is, at the same time, an indication of the development of this kind of craft, produced by specialized workshops.

16

Budownictwo warowne jako narzędzie intensyfikacji władztwa na obrzeżach kraju. Casus Bezławek w późnośredniowiecznych Prusach

63%

Kwiatkowski K.

Zapiski Historyczne

|

2021

|

tom 86

|

nr 3

81-116

EN

The article concerns the chronological framework and circumstances of constructing a castle of the Teutonic Order in Bäslack (Bezławki). The research was based on written, mainly manuscript, primary sources. A detailed analysis has been made of the colonisation carried out by the Teutonic Order in the lower and middle course of the Dajna River, where this castle was built, in the region of Barten (Bartia). The analysis made it possible to date back the chronology of constructing the stronghold to the 1370s. It was also argued that the direct reason for erecting the castle was the conflict of the Bishop of Ermland (Warmia) Johann II Stryprock with the Teutonic Order, which had been escalating in the 1360s, and which ended only in 1374/1375. On the one hand, the construction of the castle in Bäslack was to symbolically emphasise the dominant position of the Teutonic Order in Prussia and its supremacy over the dominion of the bishops of Ermland. On the other hand, it was to serve as a tangible demarcation of the territory which was directly under the rule of the Teutonic Order in the region, where the border between the lands controlled by the Teutonic Knights and by the bishops of Ermland had not been firmly established, which was one of the causes of the aforementioned conflict.

17

Von Preußen ins Reich. Der Burgdorfer Krieg und die Heimatreise der einfachen Ordensbrüder Rudolf und Konrad von Kyburg aus dem Jahre 1383

63%

Gotówko P.

Zapiski Historyczne

|

2021

|

tom 86

|

nr 1

5-27

EN

Not many primary sources document the lives of ordinary Teutonic Knights who were not among the highest officials of the Order. Therefore, the preserved mentions from the town of Burgdorf, modern-day Switzerland, prove to be of great importance. These refer to two Teutonic Knights, Konrad and Rudolf von Kyburg, who returned to their homeland during the summer of 1383. It is all the more interesting due to the fact that the older of the two – Konrad – was referred to in a document of 1375 as an ordinary Teutonic Knight staying in Balga. His younger brother is also likely to have served in the Teutonic Order in Prussia. The reason for their journey home was the Burgdorf War, which was started in November of 1382 by their nephew Rudolf II von Kyburg, who made an unsuccessful attempt at capturing the town of Solothurn. It resulted in a conflict with Bern, which was the most powerful city in that region. The return of Konrad and Rudolf to their homeland would not have been possible without the approval of their superiors, including the Grand Master of the Teutonic Order. The scarce primary sources that were preserved indicate that the two Teutonic Knights tried to alleviate the conflict by diplomatic means, however, without success. They were given a certain amount of time before they were obliged to return to Prussia. The issue of financing the journey is really interesting. Even though the presence of the two Teutonic Knights was certainly beneficial for the von Kyburg family, it is highly unlikely that the relatives covered their travel expenses, as the family had been impoverished long before the war even began, and it needed to allocate all the available resources for the defense of the ancestral castle. Thus, the Teutonic Order was forced, against its thirteenth-century rules, not only to approve but also finance the purely private journey of its two longtime members to their homeland.

18

Życie synodalne metropolii gnieźnieńskiej oraz diecezji pruskich i frankońskichkońca XIV i pierwszej połowy XV wieku (uwagi na marginesie najnowszych badań) - cz. 1

63%

Zygner L.

Saeculum Christianum. Pismo Historyczne

|

2021

|

tom 28

|

nr 1

14-37

EN

The subject of this paper are the synods of the Gniezno metropolis as well as the Prussian and Franconian dioceses of 1378-1449. According to the preserved sources, 71 diocesan synods took place during that period, including 43 in the metropolis of Gniezno, 15 in the Prussian dioceses, and 13 in the Franconian dioceses as well as 17 provincial synods (14 in the metropolis of and 3 in the metropolis of Riga). The frequency of synods in individual dioceses confirms that after the period of stagnation that began in the mid-fourteenth century, there was a significant synodal revival in the first half of the fifteenth century, especially during the Council of Basel, and then of Florence and Rome.

PL

Przedmiotem niniejszego artykułu są synody metropolii gnieźnieńskiej oraz diecezji pruskich i frankońskich z lat 1378-1449. Z zachowanych źródeł wynika, że w okresie tym odbyło się 71 synodów diecezjalnych, z czego w metropolii gnieźnieńskiej – 43, w diecezjach pruskich – 15 i w diecezjach frankońskich – 13, a także zwołano 17 synodów prowincjonalnych (w metropolii gnieźnieńskiej – 14 i w metropolii ryskiej – 3). Częstotliwość synodów w poszczególnych diecezjach potwierdza, że po okresie pewnego zastoju, który występował od połowy XIV wieku, nastąpiło znaczne ożywienie synodalne w pierwszej połowie XV wieku, a zwłaszcza w okresie trwania soboru w Bazylei, a potem we Florencji i w Rzymie.

19

Życie synodalne metropolii gnieźnieńskiej oraz diecezji pruskich i frankońskich końca XIV i pierwszej połowy XV wieku (uwagi na marginesie najnowszych badań) - cz. 2

63%

Zygner L.

Saeculum Christianum. Pismo Historyczne

|

2021

|

tom 28

|

nr 2

32-49

EN

The subject of this article are the synods of the Gniezno metropolis and the Prussian and Franconian dioceses of 1378-1449. As a rule, diocesan synods lasted 2-3 days, and their course was determined both by the norms of ecclesiastical law and the synodal liturgy provided for by episcopal Pontificals. On the other hand, it is difficult to indicate specific rules regarding the duration of provincial synods, which sometimes lasted even a week or more. Out of the 71 diocesan synods discussed here, only 35 have their statutes preserved, while from the 17 provincial synods discussed here, statutes have survived only of six. Most of the synod resolutions dealt with pastoral ministry, the life and customs of the clergy, and the religious life of the faithful. In most dioceses, “synodal books” (Libri synodales) were written during this period.

PL

Przedmiotem niniejszego artykułu są synody metropolii gnieźnieńskiej oraz diecezji pruskich i frankońskich z lat 1378-1449. Z reguły synody diecezjalne trwały 2-3 dni, a ich przebieg wynikał zarówno z norm prawa kościelnego, jak i liturgii synodalnej, jaką przewidywały biskupie pontyfikały. Natomiast trudno wskazać na konkretne reguły dotyczące trwania synodów prowincjonalnych, które niekiedy trwały nawet tydzień lub dłużej. Na 71 omawianych tu synodów diecezjalnych, tylko dla 35 spośród nich zachowały się wydane na nich statuty. Natomiast na 17 omawianych tu synodów prowincjonalnych, statuty zachowały się jedynie dla sześciu. Najwięcej miejsca w uchwałach synodalnych zajmowały kwestie duszpasterstwa, życia i obyczajów duchownych oraz życia religijnego wiernych. W większości diecezji w tym okresie powstały „księgi synodalne” (Libri synodales).

20

Utylitarne i modne. Późnośredniowieczne zapinki ze zbiorów Muzeum Archeologiczno-Historycznego w Stargardzie

63%

Wojciechowska I.

Materiały Zachodniopomorskie

|

2022

|

tom 18

73-98

EN

The article focuses on the collection of 17 brooches stored in the Archaeological and Historical Museum in Stargard. They are dated to the 13th and 14th centuries. Their form and ornament match ring brooches which are being discovered in the Baltic region and in the area where Hanseatic trade was conducted. The majority of the Stargard objects were recovered during archaeological excavations.