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Zimujące larwy traszki górskiej Ichthyosaura alpestris w Gorcach

100%

Osikowski A.

Chrońmy Przyrodę Ojczystą

2014

tom 70

nr 1

Wczesną wiosną przez trzy kolejne lata (2009–2011) obserwowano w niewielkim oczku wodnym w Gorcach larwy traszki górskiej Ichthyosaura alpestris (Laurenti, 1768) w zaawansowanych stadiach rozwoju. Wskazuje to jednoznacznie na zimowanie larw traszki pod lodem i jest pierwszym bezpośrednim potwierdzeniem tego nietypowego zjawiska w Gorcach. Obserwacje te dostarczają dowodów, że nawet niewielkie zbiorniki wodne mogą być ważnym miejscem życia i rozrodu chronionych gatunków płazów

Overwintering larvae of the Alpine newt Ichthyosaura alpestris were observed in a small pond in the Gorce Mts (Poland, 49°30′N, 20°08′E, elevation 900 m a.s.l.) in early spring of 2009-2011. Typically, larvae of this newt species hatch from eggs in spring or early summer; after 3-4 months of development, they undergo metamorphosis and leave the aquatic environment. In certain conditions, however, especially in lower temperatures, the larvae may be unable to achieve a sufficient stage of development to leave the ponds before winter. In Poland, the presence of non-metamorphosed larvae of the Alpine newt were reported in several montane water reservoirs in late autumn and early spring (Świerad 1988, 2003), but there was no direct evidence of this phenomenon in the Gorce Mountains. Observations presented in this paper prove that overwintering of Alpine newt larvae occurs also in this area and this unusual phenomenon may regularly take place in the aforementioned pond. Moreover, seemingly insignificant, small water reservoirs (about 1 m in diameter; less than 1 m of depth) may be a valuable habitat for protected amphibian species

Rozmieszczenie zimujących stadiów przedimaginalnych osnui gwiaździstej Acantholyda posticalis Mats. w drzewostanach sosnowych będących ogniskami gradacyjnymi szkodnika

100%

Slawski M. , Mokrzycki T. , Perlinski S. , Rutkiewicz A. , Slawska M.

Sylwan

2019

tom 163

nr 07

Acantholyda posticalis Mats. for over twenty years increases the extent of occurrence and causes defoliation of Scots pine stands. The population size is estimated annually based on the autumn surveys of phytophagous insects, but accuracy of these prognoses is far from satisfactory. The aim of the study was to describe the spatial distribution of pre−imaginal stages of A. posticalis wintering in the litter and soil to improve the methods of survey currently applied in Polish forestry. The research was carried out in four forest district located in different regions of Poland. In each forest stand three following zones were outlined: the belt of trees on the edge of the stand adjoining to young plantation or thicket, the belt 15−20 m from the stand edge and the belt in the forest interior at least 30−40 m from the edge of a stand. 152 trees were examined and 1540 plots of size 1×0.5 m were established under their canopy. The pre-imaginal stages were searched within each of these plots in the litter and soil to the depth of 20 cm. Later on they were divided into eonymphae and pronymphae, and counted. The significant differences in number of pre-imaginal stages of A. posticalis between studied forest stands in different forest districts were found. The spatial distribution of larvae wintering in the litter and soil was highly variable in scale of both stand and single tree. The abundance of larvae depended on the distance from the forest edge, but the values of this parameter calculated for trees in the same zone also varied substantially. The lowest mean abundance of pre−imaginal stages of A. posticalis denoted under pines growing at the edges of trees stand. Within the canopy projection on forest floor, the distribution of larvae was significantly dependent on the distance from the tree trunk. The highest abundance was observed within one meter from the trunk. The survey method currently used for primary pine pest assessment in Polish forests bases on ten plots and five of them are located 1.5 m from the tree trunk. In the light of presented results, the assessment of A. posticalis number could be inaccurate, because half of these plots in which scrutiny of litter and soil take place, omit the areas of higher concentration of wintering stages of the pest.

Wylot muchowek Contarinia bromicola Marik. et Agaf. [Diptera, Cecidomyiidae] z larw zimujacych w kloskach stoklosy bezostnej [Bromus inermis Leyss.] w hodowlach doniczkowych

60%

Walkowski W.

Progress in Plant Protection

2003

tom 43

nr 2

1012-1015