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Grammatische-Regel-Konflikte: Eine kanonische Annäherung

100%

Scheibl G.

nr 34

151-195

This article gives an overview of the theoretical background and the methodology of a relatively new language typological approach, called canonical typology. This will be done in the form of a case study by describing and classifying a special linguistic phenomenon, grammatical rule conflicts, which occur if a lexical item happens to be in the scope of two or more grammatical rules with different outputs. These rule conflicts represent exceptionalities or irregularities in the grammatical system of the language and mark limits of possible words. The data-based analysis presents over 50 examples of phonological, morphological or morphosyntactic rule conflicts in German, Latin, Arabic, French, Spanish and Hungarian in order to find out the “best” or canonical examples of rule conflicts.

L1 Conceptual Transfer in the Acquisition of L2 Motion Events in Spanish and English: The Thinking-for-Speaking Hypothesis

88%

Sharpen R.

nr 1

This research paper takes and builds upon Slobin’s (1987) thinking-for-speaking hypothesis as a basis for exploring the notion of conceptual transfer from the L1 in the acquisition and production of motion events in an L2. This is achieved by investigating the extent to which L2 transfer presents itself in the expression of motion in inverse translation tasks carried out by 27 native English speaking learners of Spanish and 32 native Spanish speaking learners of English. The nature of this transfer is then investigated to establish whether or not it appears to be conceptual. The tasks presented to participants contained items based on Talmy’s (1985) research on cross-linguistic lexicalisation patterns in the expression of motion events, which, as Slobin (1987, 1996) later proposes, appear to dictate the conceptualisation of motion events in a language. Results reveal that cognitive parameters in the participants’ native language affected their performance in the production of motion events in their second language, in accord with Slobin’s (1987) thinking-for-speaking hypothesis. Finally, the study concludes with a summary of these results.

Semantyka a pragmatyka: dialektyka wzajemnych relacji w perspektywie lingwistyki interkulturowej

75%

Kiklewicz A.

tom V/1

255-281

A cultural situation is defined as a group of individuals (usually organized groups of entities), of functional systems (such as politics, science, religion, sport, mass media, education, the military, etc.), of conceptual systems (including systems of values??), of forms of their manifestation and of relevant environment - ecological, economic, existential, etc. (i.e. events stage). The author presents a semiotic model of discourse, which is founded on four catego¬ries: pragmatics, semantics, form / structure of the message and context (surrounding of the speech act). The author shows (mainly on the example of the Eastern European cultural area) volatility of the relationship of these categories depending on the type of cultural situations. In separate sections, such pragmatic parameters of the cultural situation are described as: the intensity of pragmatic/persuasive function, the grade of expressiveness, the grade of ceremo¬nious, the grade of politeness, monologism vs. dialogism, and the grade of the stylistic differentiation of language.