Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Wpływ założeń metodycznych programu CORINE Land Cover na szczegółowość baz danych

100%

Poławski Z. F. , Gąsiorowski J.

Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny

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2011

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tom T. 43, nr 1

35-42

PL

Dotychczas zrealizowano trzy edycje programu CORINE Land Cover. Wynikiem pierwszego programu (CLC-90) było opracowanie bazy danych o pokryciu terenu w 1990 r. Celem kolejnego projektu (CLC-2000) było sporządzenie zaktualizowanej bazy danych o pokryciu terenu w 2000 r. oraz bazy danych o zmianach pokrycia terenu w latach 1990-2000. W ramach ostatniego programu CLC-2006, została opracowana baza danych o pokrycia terenu w 2006 r. oraz baza danych zmian pokrycia terenu w latach 2000-2006. Przyjęta metodyka tworzenia bazy CLC-2006 obejmowała integrację danych CLC-2000 i danych CLC-Change, tylko z uwzględnieniem zmian o powierzchni co najmniej 25 ha oraz włączenie małych poligonów do którejś z otaczających form pokrycia terenu. Przyjęcie takiego założenia metodycznego przy tworzeniu bazy o pokryciu terenu w 2006 r. rodzi pytanie, na ile może ono wpływać na szczegółowość wydzieleń zawartych w tej bazie danych. Do sprawdzenia wpływu, jaki wywiera wybór metody generowania bazy danych CLC-2006 na szczegółowość danych o pokryciu terenu, wybrano Obszar Metropolitalny Warszawy. Zgodnie z przyjętymi założeniami metodycznymi (integracja zmian o powierzchni większej niż 5 ha), połączono bazy danych CLC-2000 i bazy danych CLC-Change. W wyniku przeprowadzonej procedury, wygenerowano nową bazę danych o pokryciu terenu poziomu 3 (CLC-2006A). Kolejnym krokiem analiz, było opracowanie szczegółowego zestawienia statystycznego, obejmującego porównanie baz danych CLC-2006 i CLC-2006A. Przeprowadzone analizy wykazały, że przyjęte odmienne poziomy szczegółowości wyznaczania form pokrycia, dają w konsekwencji różne poziomy uogólnienia treści, zarówno pod względem liczby wydzieleń jak i powierzchni poszczególnych form pokrycia terenu. W bazie CLC-2006A, w porównaniu z bazą danych CLC-2006, zwiększyła się liczba zarejestrowanych poligonów. Ich liczba wzrosła z 4340 do 4495, z czego 135 to wydzielenia, których powierzchnia mieści się w przedziale 5-25 ha, a które nie były uwzględnione w bazie CLC-2006. Nastąpił także wielokierunkowy proces zmian powierzchni poszczególnych wydzieleń. Obserwujemy wzrost powierzchni niektórych form pokrycia terenu: terenów przemysłowych lub handlowych (121), miejsc eksploatacji odkrywkowej (131), budów (133), terenów rolniczych z dużym udziałem roślinności naturalnej (243) oraz lasów w stanie zmian (324). Wyniki analiz wskazują na zasadność reinterpretacji bazy CLC-2006, co może w dużym stopniu przyczynić się do poprawy szczegółowości prowadzonych analiz, zwłaszcza przy ocenie powierzchni form pokrycia terenu oraz w analizach wskaźnikowych, np. przy określaniu wskaźników urbanizacji, lesistości lub antropizacji.

EN

Three editions of CORINE Land Cover have been carried out so far. The first program (CLC-90) resulted in the elaboration of a database of land cover in 1990. The aim of the next project (CLC-2000) was to create an up-to-date database of land cover in the year 2000 and a database of changes in land cover in 1990-2000. Finally, the result of the last CLC-2006 program, was the elaboration of a database of land cover in 2006 and a database of changes in land cover in the years 2000-2006. The adopted methodology of creating CLC - 2006 base comprised integration of data of CLC-2000 and CLC-Change, taking into account only changes in areas of at least 25 hectares and the inclusion of small polygons into one of the surrounding forms of land cover. The adoption of such a methodological assumption in the creation of the 2006 land cover basis breeds the question how it can influence the level of detail of divisions contained in this database. Warsaw Metropolitan Area has been chosen to verify the influence of the choice of method of generating the CLC-2006 data base on the level of detail of land cover data. CLC-2000 and CLC-Change databases were merged according to the adopted methodology (integration of changes of over 5-hectare areas). The effect of the procedure was the generation of a new database of land cover level 3 (CLC-2006A). The next step of the analyses was the elaboration of a detailed statistical analysis comprising the comparison of databases CLC-2006 and CLC-2006A. The conducted analyses have shown that adopted different levels of detail in designating cover forms result in different levels of content generalization, both in number of divisions and in areas of particular land cover forms. In the CLC-2006A base the number of registered polygons is larger than in the CLC-2006 base. Their number has risen from 4340 to 4495, out of which 135 are between 5 and 25 hectares and which were not included in CLC-2006 base. A multi-directional process of changes within the areas of particular divisions has also taken place. Some land cover forms have grown in size: industrial or commercial territories (121), locations of open pit mines (131), building sites (133), farming territories with a large share of natural vegetation (243) and forests in the state of change (324). The results of the analyses indicate the validity of reinterpreting basis CLC-2006, which can largely improve level of detail of conducted analyses, especially in evaluating areas of land cover forms and in index analyses, e.g. in the determination of urbanization, forest area and population distribution indexes.

2

Dynamics of Land Use and Land Cover Change Using Geospatial Techniques – A Case Study of Baghdad, Iraq

100%

Mezaal M. R. , Mahmoud A. S. , Jasim M. A. , Naje A. S.

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2022

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tom Vol. 23, iss. 6

216--226

EN

Urban land-cover change is increasing dramatically in most emerging countries. In Iraq and in the capital city (Baghdad). Active socioeconomic progress and political stability have pushed the urban border into the countryside at the cost of natural ecosystems at ever- growing rates. Widely used classifier of Maximum Likelihood was used for classification of 2003 and 2021 Landsat images. This classifier achieved 83.20% and 99.58% overall accuracies for 2003 and 2021 scenes, respectively. This study found that the urban area decreases by 16.4% and the agriculture area decrease by 5.4% over the period. On the other hand, barren land has been expanded up to more than 7% as well as increasing in water land that should probably due to flooding (almost 15% more than 2003). To reduce the undesirable effects of land-cover changes over urban ecosystems in Baghdad and in the municipality in specific, it is suggested that Baghdad develops an urban development policy. The emphasis of policy must be the maintenance an acceptable balance among urban infrastructure development, ecological sustainability and agricultural production.

3

ACCURACY OF THE SOIL SEALING ENHANCEMENT PRODUCT FOR POLAND

100%

Krówczyńska M. , Soszyńska A. , Pabjanek P. , Wilk E. , Hurbanek P. , Rosina K.

Quaestiones Geographicae

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2016

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tom 35

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nr 3

89-95

EN

Increasing urbanization results in constant enlarging of the artificial area closed to water infiltration. In 2006–2008, the Soil Sealing Enhancement (SSE) database was the part of the GMES Fast Track Service on Land Monitoring. The accuracy of the final product set by the authors should reach at least 85%. Orthorectified high resolution aerial photos of Poland were used to develop reference data constituting 20,000 random samples around the country. In each sample, the points were classified into three possible surface classes: natural, artificial and semi-sealed. Comparison of reference data to original project statistics revealed the values of accuracy, commission and omission errors in the SSE dataset. Although, SSE accuracy in Poland fulfils the criteria set by SSE authors with overall accuracy of 99.5%, the individual analysis for each category reveals many weaknesses. Preliminary interpretation of mistakes leads to the conclusion that the spatial resolution of pictures used in the SSE project is insufficient. In several cases, validation proved that omission errors were made in relation to construction sites or recently constructed buildings. It should be stated that the accuracy of SSE product for Poland should be treated as the maximum value of impervious surfaces.

4

ZMIANY POWIERZCHN I LEŚNYCH NA TERENIE PARKU KRAJOBRAZOWEGO PROMN O W OSTATNICH 200 LATACH W ASPEKCIE KRAJOBRAZOWYM

89%

Macias A. , Skwarek M.

|

EN

The main purpose of this work was to assess changes to the forest areas in Promno Landscape Park which occurred in 1830–2013. The assessment of these changes was based on an analysis of cartographic material from 1830, 1890, 1940 and 2013. The article presents the natural and socio-economic conditions in the research area. Analyses of dominant habitats and stands have also been presented together with cartographic material and a detailed analysis and evaluation of the changes over nearly 180 years. Based on the strategic documents and research results, a forecast has also been provided of the changes to be expected in the next dozen or so years. An analysis of changes to the forest areas in Promno Landscape Park has shown that the largest decrease in forest cover occurred in the second half of the 19th century in connection with clear-cut clearings. In 1890, the forest area decreased by 268 ha against 1830. Slight changes took place in the late 19th and the early 20th centuries. In that period, slow afforestation followed logging and therefore the forest area increased from 1,592.3 hectares in 1890 to 1,679 hectares in 1940. Undoubtedly, the largest increase occurred after 1940, after the Second World War when land of poor agricultural value was afforested. The area of forests grew from 1,679 ha in 1940 to 2,545.29 ha in 2013 marking an increase in forest cover from less than 50% to the existing 76%.

5

Land-use Assessment and its Influence on Spatial Distribution of Rainfall Erosivity: Case Study of Cameron Highlands Malaysia

88%

Ul Mustafa M. R. , Sholagberu A. T. , Syazwan M. A. , Yusof K. W. , Hashim A. M. , Abdurrasheed A. S.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2019

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tom Vol. 20, nr 2

183--190

EN

Over the years, Cameron Highlands have witnessed extensive land-use and land-cover (LULC) changes due to the massive agricultural and urbanization activities. This significantly contributed to the erosion problems in the area. Rainfall erosivity that measures the aggressiveness of raindrop in triggering soil erosion is one of its major components that could be influenced by the LULC changes in watersheds. However, the research relating to the LULC changes with the erosivity especially in the complex landscape is scarce. Hence, this study applies geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing techniques to assess the LULC changes and their influence on the rainfall erosivity distribution in mountainous watershed of Cameron Highlands. Four Landsat images and the rainfall data from the period of thirty years were analysed for the development of LULC and erosivity maps respectively in ArcGIS environment. The study showed that the study area experienced immense land-use changes especially in agriculture and urbanization which affected the erosivity distribution. The LULC change for agriculture increased linearly in the last 30 years from 7.9% in 1986 to almost 16.4% in 2016. The results showed that urban development increased from 5.1% in 1986 to 11.4% in 2016. The increasing urbanization trend was targeted to meet up with tourism requirement in Cameron Highlands. However, forest class declined tremendously due to the exploration of land for agriculture practice and other various types of development. Watershed managers and other stakeholders should find this study beneficial in tackling erosion and its associated ecological challenges.

6

Accuracy assessment of automatic image processing for land cover classification of St. Petersburg protected area

88%

Bogoliubova A. , Tymkow P.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Geodesia et Descriptio Terrarum

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2014

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tom 13

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nr 1-2

EN

This study analyzes the evaluation of land cover supervised classification quality. Authors put forward the hypothesis that the overall accuracy of image classification depends on its division into parts of the same area. The dependence is described by the logarithmic curve – Т = 4.3004·ln(x) + 72.697, because the determination coefficient is maximum (R2 = 0.9678). The research area was the Yuntolovo reserve, the protected area near St. Petersburg (Russia). In order to increase the overall accuracy of the land cover automatic classification based on aerial images, a new methodology of data preprocessing was introduced. The proposed method of estimating the overall classification accuracy of land cover protected areas increases on average by 10% by dividing the source aerial image into no more than 10 equal parts. With further partitioning of the image into parts of the same area, the overall accuracy is slightly increased. Pixel-based image analysis of supervised classification and error matrix were evaluated using ILWIS 3.31 software and in our own software in .NET environment.

PL

W pracy dokonano analizy sposobów oceny jakości klasyfikacji pokrycia terenu na danych obrazowych. Autorzy wysunęli hipotezę, że ogólna dokładność klasyfikacji obrazu zależy od jego podziału w procesie klasyfikacji na podobszary. Zależność tę opisano krzywą logarytmiczną Т = 4,30044ln(x) + 72,697, dla której uzyskano najwyższy współczynnik determinacji (R2 = 0,9678). Badania prowadzono dla rezerwatu Yuntolovo, chronionego obszaru w pobliżu Sankt Petersburga (Rosja). W celu zwiększenia ogólnej dokładności automatycznej klasyfikacji pokrycia terenu na podstawie zdjęć lotniczych autorzy zaproponowali nową metodologię wstępnego przetwarzania danych. Proponowana metoda, polegająca na podziale obrazu klasyfikowanego na nie więcej niż dziesięć równych części, poprawia ogólną dokładność klasyfikacji pokrycia obszarów lądowych średnio o 10%. Podział na większą liczbę części nie zwiększa już znacząco jakości klasyfikacji, a dodatkowo wprowadza niejednoznaczności spowodowane zmniejszaniem próby uczącej. Klasyfikację obrazów i analizę dokładności prowadzono z wykorzystaniem pakietu ILWIS 3.31 oraz autorskiego oprogramowania stworzonego w środowisku NET.

7

Land Use and Land Cover Analysis Using Geomatics Techniques in Amara City

88%

Al-Saedi A. S. J. , Kadhum Z. M. , Jasim B. S.

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

|

tom Vol. 24, iss. 9

161--169

EN

The remote sensing technique is crucial for creating maps showing land use and land cover from a procedure known as image classification. For the process of image classification to be successful, many aspects must be taken into consideration; one of these factors is the availability of high-quality Landsat images. This study aims to classify and map the studied area’s land use and cover using remote sensing and geographic information system techniques. This study is divided into two parts: part one focuses on classifying land use and land cover, while part two evaluates how accurate the classification is. Several classification methods are compared for their efficacy in this study. Some image classification methods have shown promising results when used to remote sensing data. An efficient classifier is necessary for extracting data from remote-sensing images. The maximum likelihood classification was the most effective classifier in our study. In this study, the Maximum Likelihood classification accuracy has achieved an overall accuracy of 91% and an overall kappa accuracy of 86.83%. This study provides essential data for planners and decision-makers to design sustainable environments.

8

Impact of Land-Use Changes on the Runoff of Nandigama, Andhra Pradesh, India

88%

Sainath R. P. , Bhavani R.

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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tom Vol. 25, iss. 2

121--129

EN

Present study investigated the effect of land-use variations on the excess flow for a Nandigama, Andhra Pradesh, India by using HEC-HMS model. The model was calibrated and validated using observed rainfall and runoff data. The R2 and NSE values were both greater than 0.65 after calibration, indicating a reasonable fit of the model. An analysis was conducted to understand how the land-use changes in a basin have affected the runoff. The analysis revealed that the stream flow increased due to variations in land use, and a reduction in the timing of peak flow at the outlet was observed. Additionally, the study analysed the trend of maximum rainfall time series and found that the months of June, July, and August show a decreasing trend in maximum rainfall over the study period, while other months show an increasing trend. The results of the analysis can be used to implement informed policies and management practices aimed at mitigating the negative impact of land-use changes and climate changes in Nandigama.

9

Spatio-temporal dynamics of vegetation cover in North-West Algeria using remote sensing data

88%

Tayeb T. S. , Kheloufi B.

Polish Cartographical Review

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2019

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tom Vol. 51, No. 3

117--127

EN

Land cover change is the result of complex interactions between social and environmental systems which change over time. While climatic and biophysics phenomena were for a long time the principal factor of land transformations, human activities are today the origin of the major part of land transformation which affects natural ecosystems. Quantification of natural and anthropogenic impacts on vegetation cover is often hampered by logistical issues, including (1) the difficulty of systematically monitoring the effects over large areas and (2) the lack of comparison sites needed to evaluate the effect of the factors. The effective procedure for measuring the degree of environmental change due to natural factors and human activities is the multitemporal study of vegetation cover. For this purpose, the aim of this work is the analysis of the evolution of land cover using remote sensing techniques, in order to better understand the respective role of natural and anthropogenic factors controlling this evolution. A spatio-temporal land cover dynamics study on a regional scale in Oranie, using Landsat data for two periods (1984–2000) and (2000–2011) was conducted. The images of the vegetation index were classified into three classes based on Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values and analysed using image difference approach. The result shows that the vegetation cover was changed. An intensive regression of the woody vegetation and forest land resulted in -22.5% of the area being lost between 1984 and 2000, 1,271 km2 was converted into scrub formations and 306 km2 into bare soil. On the other hand, this class increased by around 45% between 2000 and 2011, these evolutions resulting from the development of scrub groups with an area of 1,875.7 km2.

10

Multi-temporal analysis of vegetation reflectance using MERIS data in the Czech Republic

88%

Štych P. , Malíková L. , Kříž J. , Holman L.

Miscellanea Geographica. Regional Studies on Development

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2014

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tom 18

|

nr 2

30-34

EN

Accurate high temporal resolution data is a very important source of information for understanding processes in the landscape. High temporal and spectral resolution data enable the monitoring of dynamic landscape processes. For this reason, since 2008 a receiving station for Metosat, NOAA and Envisat data has been installed at the Department of Applied Geoinformatics and Cartography, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague. The aim of this study is to analyse the spectral characteristics of vegetation using MERIS data in the Czech Republic. Spectral characteristics of vegetation were examined both by analysing changes in reflectivity as well as by utilising vegetation indices. Vegetation in forests and agricultural land was evaluated. The results present the spectral characteristics of selected associations of vegetation based on MERIS data and a discussion of the methods of multitemporal classification of land cover.

11

Land cover and landscape diversity analysis in the West Polesie Biosphere Reserve

88%

Chmielewski S. , Chmielewski T. J. , Tompalski P.

International Agrophysics

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2014

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tom 28

|

nr 2

EN

The aim of this research was to present the land cover structure and landscape diversity in the West Polesie Biosphere Reserve. The land cover classification was performed using Object Based Image Analysis in Trimble eCognition Developer 8 software. The retrospective land cover changes analysis in 3 lake catchments (Kleszczów, Moszne, Białe Włodawskie Lakes)was performed on the basis of archival aerial photos taken in 1952, 1971, 1984, 1992, 2007 and one satellite scene from 2003 (IKONOS).On the basis of land cover map structure, Shannon diversity index was estimated with the moving window approach enabled in Fragstats software. The conducted research has shown that the land cover structure of the West Polesie Biosphere Reserve is diverse and can be simply described by selected landscape metrics. The highest level of land cover diversity, as showed by Shannon Diversity Index, was identified in the western part of the West Polesie Biosphere Reserve, which is closely related to the agricultural character of land cover structure in those regions. The examples of three regional retrospective land cover analyses demonstrated that the character of land cover structure has changed dramatically over the last 40 years.

12

Land use change in suburban zone : European context of urban sprawl

88%

Kazak J. K. , Błasik M. , Świąder M.

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2022

|

tom Special Issue

92--98

EN

Quantifying and understanding global land use change and its spatial and temporal dynamics is critical to supporting international policy debates. The main area of transformation of spatial structures nowadays are suburban areas of the largest cities. Constant land development and urbanization, including such forms as urban sprawl, influence significant changes in land use. The aim of this study was to analyse a land use change pattern in a selected rural area which is under pressure of spatial development of a regional city. Data used for a land use change detection was based opensource Urban Atlas dataset for 2006, 2012, and 2018, enriched by recent update from 2021 orthophoto map. Spatial analyses presenting statistics of land use change were conducted in QGIS. Besides analysis of land use change, the paper discusses observed spatial patterns also taking into account changing social, environmental and economic conditions and spatial policies influencing land cover complexity. Understanding these dynamics would help better spatial management of real estates for more sustainable land development.

13

Analysis of the changes to land use in selected municipalities of Lublin metropolitan area, based on remote sensing data

75%

Kwoczyńska B. , Sroka W. , Sikora K.

Geomatics, Landmanagement and Landscape

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2019

|

tom no. 4

73--91

EN

The aim of the study was to diagnose the main trends of the changes in land cover around the urban agglomerations, as illustrated with the example of Lublin, over the last twenty years (1998–2016), as well as their statistical and graphical presentation in the form of digital maps compilation. The project was conducted on the basis of the remote sensing data: RapidEye and LANDSAT 5 TM satellite imagery from three temporal records (1998, 2009–11, 2016–17). Detailed research was carried out in purposefully selected municipalities. The performed analyses showed that in the studied municipalities some changes in the use of arable land and grassland occurred. The largest loss in terms of area share was recorded mainly in the arable land. At the core of the metropolitan area, i.e. in the city of Lublin, over the last 20 years the share of arable land in the total area decreased by almost 11 percentage points (p.p.). In the municipalities located directly at the border with Lublin, this loss was much lower, and was equal 4–5 p.p. Slightly larger changes occurred in municipalities located further from the core, where both in the category of very good and slightly weaker natural conditions, losses of arable land were greater than in municipalities located directly at the core’s border of the metropolitan area (MA).

14

Zmiany pokrycia terenu w zachodniej części miasta Zduńska Wola w latach 1933-2015

75%

Nalej M.

Teledetekcja Środowiska

|

2018

|

tom T. 58

13--22

EN

The study discusses the changes in the land cover in the western part of the Zduńska Wola city. The study was based on the analysis of land cover data obtained from aerial photographs taken in years 1933 and 2015. For 82 years, significant changes took place in the city and they were reflected in land cover changes. The study area was covering 3.7 km2 and in the analysed period, the land cover changes took an area of 2.8 km², that is 75,7% of its surface. Changes mainly occurred on the grassy and agricultural areas, which were changed in to artificial surfaces, mainly into builtup areas.

15

Quantitative Analysis of Land Use Classification in Agricultural and Forest Areas

75%

Matuk O.

Geomatics and Environmental Engineering

|

2022

|

tom Vol. 16, no. 4

59--77

EN

The article deals with the research on the quantitative classification of land use, which directly affects the amount of land use data collected in the real estate cadastre. For the purpose of this article, the cadastral systems of seven European countries – Austria, Bulgaria, Estonia, Spain, Lithuania, Germany and Poland – have been examined, taking into account how detailed is the classification in agricultural and forest areas. The research covered the provisions of legal acts applicable in the researched seven European countries and made available in national languages by the government bodies. The article asks the following three questions: 1) whether the researched countries adopted the same approach to isolating classes of items related to agricultural and forest areas; 2) whether the researched countries feature the same number of classes of items recorded at various levels of detail; 3) what is the percentage of the distinguished item classes of land uses in the agricultural and forest areas in relation to all of the distinguished item classes at all the levels of detail. The conducted research can be used as a material supporting works consisting of the modernization of the functioning of land registration in the real estate cadastre in Poland.

16

Vliv industrializace na změnu krajiny ostravsko-karvinského revíru. Příklad Slezské Ostravy a její proměny v 19. a 20. století

75%

Popelka P. , Popelková R. , Mulková M.

Historická geografie (Historical Geography)

|

2013

|

tom 39

|

nr 1

49-84

EN

Slezská (prior 1919 called Polská) Ostrava is linked with the beginnings of coal mining in Ostrava region, which began as early as the last quarter of the 18th century. Mining activities caused the first damages to the building development around the mid-19th century and the increased mining output began to affect land use as well. These trends intensified in the 20th century. This case study analyzes the effect of the industrialization process on the landscape of the western part of the Ostrava-Karviná mining district; it is a part of a larger project, focused on the historical development of landscape in the Ostrava- Karviná mining district in the 19th and 20th centuries.

17

Temporal land cover analysis for net ecosystem improvement

75%

Ke Y. , Coleman A. M. , Diefenderfer H. L.

International Journal of Ecohydrology and Hydrobiology

|

2013

|

tom 13

|

nr 1

18

Rozpoznanie form pokrycia i użytkowania ziemi na zdjęciu satelitarnym Landsat ETM+ metodą klasyfikacji obiektowej

75%

Lewiński S.

Roczniki Geomatyki

|

2006

|

tom T. 4, z. 3

139-150

EN

The results of object-oriented classification based on multispectral and panchromatic Landsat ETM+ data, conducted with the use of eCognition software, are presented in the paper. The classification image was prepared using an algorithm aimed at obtaining a database similar to the one resulting from traditional visual interpretation. After the classification, generalisation of data was performed using a working unit of 1 ha for built-up areas and 4 ha for the remaining classes. Next, raster to vector conversion was performed and the edges of objects delineations were smoothed. Verification using a method of visual interpretation was the last stage of works. After combining the verification results with the classification, the final database was obtained. The applied methods of classification enabled identification of 18 land cover and land use classes, at least four of which cannot be identified using traditional methods. The obtained total accuracy of classification reached 94%. The principles of segmentation of the Landsat ETM+ image based on the panchromatic channel and fused multispectral and panchromatic data are specified in the paper. Fusion was based on PanSharp algorithm within PCI Geomatica software, which preserves spectral characteristics of the original data. The adopted principles of land use and land cover classes were also described. What is particularly worth attention is the method of identification of four built-up land classes, which were extracted from the general class of built-up areas classified using the nearest neighbour method. This task involved use of a parameter defined as a square root of the sum of squares of differences between spectral values of particular channels, while the classification of shadows of buildings was used for identification of built-up areas with apartment blocks. The presented method of classification and processing of the obtained results can support or, in certain cases, entirely replace traditional visual interpretation of satellite images, aimed at creating a land cover and land use database.

19

Pokrycie terenów zalewowych rzeki Warty i poziom ryzyka powodziowego gmin powiatu poznańskiego

75%

Głosińska E.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Inżynieria Środowiska / Uniwersytet Zielonogórski

|

2013

|

tom nr 149 (29)

106--121

PL

Celem artykułu jest analiza form pokrycia terenów zalewowych rzeki Warty gmin powiatu poznańskiego oraz określenie ich poziomu ryzyka powodziowego na zasadzie hierarchizacji. Wyodrębniono również grupy gmin o podobnej strukturze form pokrycia terenów zalewowych. Poziom ryzyka powodziowego poszczególnych gmin jest silnie zróżnicowany w zależności od form pokrycia terenów zalewowych.

EN

The aim of this paper is analysis the cover forms of the Warta river flood-plains in the Poznań district and assessment the level of individual community flood risk on the basis of their hierarchy. Also separated group of community with similar structure cover forms of floodplains. The flood risk level of individual community greatly varies depending on the cover form of floodplains.

20

Land cover classification using multi-temporal MODIS satelite data

75%

Lewińska K. E.

Roczniki Geomatyki

|

2009

|

tom T. 7, z. 2

75-81

EN

In this paper I would like to present my results of land cover classification using MODIS data performed for a study area of 22,100 square kilometres situated in western Poland. The main objective of this research is to analyse the multi-temporal approach which is believed to increase the overall accuracy of the classification. Unlike other algorithms, the final classification result was elaborated on the basis of four land cover classifications of one day reflectance MODIS data acquired for the year 2007. The main concept is subpixel time sequence analysis of change in land cover classes, during the vegetative season. The study area of 22,100 square kilometres (130 km x 170 km) is situated in western Poland. Its geological history is quite complex and is represented in a variety of landforms. The ground altitude ranges from approximately 50 to 400 m above sea level. The whole area is in the moderate maritime climate zone with a long growing season (lasting approximately 210-220 days). The geography disturbs the air circulation and annual precipitation is in the range of 450-600 mm (Starkel, 1999). Agricultural areas dominate land use and occupy over 55% of the area. 25% of the ground is devoted to forests of which over 64% is coniferous forest. Almost 10% of the country is occupied by pastures and areas of natural vegetation (European Environment Agency, 2004). Beside some small cities and villages, two big agglomerations of Poznań and Wrocław are situated in the study area.

PL

Od lat siedemdziesiątych dwudziestego wieku możliwe jest pozyskiwanie aktualnych danych satelitarnych o pokryciu i użytkowaniu terenu. Informacje te pozwalają na lepsze poznanie środowiska naturalnego Ziemi, a ich analiza w skali globalnej, regionalnej i lokalnej jest celem wielu programów badawczych. W ramach programu EOS, w grudniu 1999 roku Narodowa Agencja Aeronautyki i Przestrzeni Kosmicznej NASA umieściła na orbicie ziemskiej satelitę Terra, a trzy lata później Aqua. Oba satelity zostały wyposażone w skaner MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer), który ze względu na swoje parametry techniczne oraz dostępności danych, jest obecnie uważany za jeden z ważniejszych skanerów środowiskowych. Choć został on zaprojektowany przede wszystkim z myślą o analizach wielkoobszarowych, MODIS wykorzystywany jest także w opracowaniach regionalnych. Niniejszy artykuł jest prezentacją wyników klasyfikacji wieloczasowych zdjęć MODIS, wykonanej dla poligonu badawczego o powierzchni 22 100 km2 , położonego w zachodniej Polsce. W analizie wykorzystano cztery zestawy jednodniowych zobrazowań o rozdzielczości 250 i 500 m, zarejestrowanych w różnych okresach wegetacyjnych 2007 roku. Ostateczny wynik klasyfikacji został opracowany na podstawie analizy sekwencji zmian klas pokrycia terenu dla wszystkich czterech terminów. W ocenie dokładności klasyfikacji, jako materiał referencyjny wykorzystano bazę danych Corine Land Cover 2000. Na podstawie analizy 4200 losowo rozmieszczonych punktów, dokładność całkowitą oceniono na poziomie 81%. Przedstawiona metoda postępowania, w porównaniu z klasyfikacjami wykonanymi dla pojedynczych zdjęć, pozwoliła na uzyskanie znacznej poprawy wyników.