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EN
Canine hip dysplasia is a complex skeletal malformation caused by genetic and environmental factors. The prevalence of hip dysplasia in different canine breeds ranges widely, from 1% (for Whippet and Borzoi) to over 70% (for Bulldog and Pug). These differences indicate the presence of genetic variants predisposing to or preventing this disorder in gene pools of particular breeds. The importance of genetic factors is also confirmed by a high coefficient of heritability (h2) of canine hip dysplasia, which for most breeds oscillates around 0.5 – 0.6. Application of modern genomic methods, that is, mainly genome scanning (based previously on microsatellite markers and currently on SNP microarrays) has led in recent years to the identification of potential genetic markers associated with this disorder. Such studies were carried out mostly in two breeds: Labrador retriever and German shepherd. Some of the markers were found in the vicinity of genes involved in skeletal development. Following these achievements, the use of some markers has been suggested for early risk diagnosis of hip dysplasia. This shows that molecular testing is becoming important for not only monogenic, but also polygenic canine diseases and disorders. Identification of genetic markers associated with predisposition to hip dysplasia offers an opportunity for an early risk evaluation of this disorder (prior to its first signs). Moreover, it facilitates effective breeding selection aimed at eradicating undesirable genetic variants from the gene pool of a given breed.
PL
Celem pracy była analiza stanu zinbredowania i spokrewnienia w populacji aktywnej golden retrieverów (GR) i labrador retrieverów (LR) wpisanych do ksiąg krakowskiego Oddziału Związku Kynologicznego w Polsce. Dane stanowiły rodowody 191 goldenów (84 psów i 107 suk) urodzonych w latach 1998-2007 oraz 270 labrador retrieverów (109 psów i 161 suk) urodzonych w latach 1997-2007. Oszacowano współczynniki inbredu (FX) dla zwierząt obu badanych ras z podziałem na płeć, a współczynniki spokrewnienia (RXY) oszacowano oddzielnie dla psów, suk i między psami i sukami dla obu ras oddzielnie. Ponad 49% goldenów i 32% labradorów wykazywało niezerowe wartości inbredu. Proporcja zinbredowanych psów i suk u goldenów wynosiła odpowiednio ponad 52% i około 47%. Odpowiednie wartości u labradorów, zarówno dla psów jak i dla suk, wynosiły około 32%. Średnie wartości FX były w obu rasach stosunkowo niskie i wynosiły 0,82% oraz 1,67% dla wszystkich i zinbredowanych GR oraz 0,83% i 2,58% odpowiednio dla LR. Zinbredowane samce i samice labrador retriverów wykazywały wyższe średnie zinbredowanie niż psy i suki rasy golden retriever. Wśród goldenów zanotowano prawie 90% par spokrewnionych oraz ponad 68% u labradorów. Przy czym ponad 90% psów rasy GR i 65% psów rasy LR wykazywało RXY>0. Nieco mniej suk rasy GR było spokrewnionych, mianowicie ponad 89% par. Natomiast ponad 70% par suk rasy LR wykazywało niezerowe współczynniki spokrewnienia. Wśród par mieszanych pies x suka znacznie więcej spokrewnionych występowało w rasie golden retriever (ponad 90% par). U labradorów tylko około 68% par mieszanych było spokrewnionych. Wartości spokrewnienia we wszystkich badanych układach były stosunkowo niskie i nie przekraczały 10%. Było to spowodowane wzrostem popularności obu ras w ostatnim czasie oraz stałym importem zwierząt hodowlanych z zagranicy. Niemniej należy zwrócić baczniejszą uwagę na rodowody sprowadzanych zwierząt, żeby w przyszłości uniknąć wzrostu badanych wskaźników.
EN
The study examines the values of inbreeding and relationship coefficients in the active population of Golden Retrievers (GR) and Labrador Retrievers (LR) recorded in the herd book of the Cracow Branch of the Polish Kennel Club. Pedigrees of 191 GR dogs (84 males and 107 females), born in 1998-2007, and 270 Labradors (109 males and 161 females), born in 1997-2007, were used in the study. Inbreeding coefficients were estimated for all GR and LR animals and for each sex separately. Relationship coefficients were calculated for all animals separately for each breed, for each sex separately, and between dogs and bitches. Over 49% of GR and 32% of LR animals were found to be inbred. The proportion of inbred individuals was over 52% for males and about 47% for females in the Golden Retriever breed, and about 32% for both males and female Labrador Retrievers. The mean FX values for all animals and for inbred individuals in the GR breed were rather low: 0.82% and 1.67%, respectively. The corresponding FX values for LR were 0.83% and 2.58%. In the Golden Retrievers divided by sex, FX averaged 0.9% and 0.76% for all dogs and all bitches, respectively, and 1.72% and 1.62% for inbred dogs and bitches. The corresponding FX values in the Labradors were 1.08% and 0.66% for all dogs and all bitches, and 3.36% and 2.05% for inbred dogs and bitches. The average inbreeding coefficients for the inbred dogs and bitches were higher in the Labradors than in the Golden Retrievers. Nearly 90% of GR pairs and over 68% of LR pairs were related. Among males, over 90% of GR pairs and 65% of LR pairs were related. The values in females were slightly lower: over 89% related pairs for GR bitches and over 70% for LR bitches. Among all the relationship coefficients calculated none exceeded 10%. This is because of the increasing popularity of both breeds and the continual import of breeding animals from abroad. However, more careful attention should be paid to the pedigrees of imported animals to avoid a possible future increase in the indicators examined in this study.
EN
In a 9-years-old Labrador retriever, signs of severe weakness and a dark brown colour of urine were observed. During clinical examination, pain of the abdominal cavity and muscles was noted. Abdominal x-ray and ultrasound examination revealed signs of intestinal obstruction. The activity of creatine kinase was 187380 U/l. The diagnosis of acute muscle damage was made. Treatment included antibiotic and analgesic therapy, as well as aggressive fluid infusion. No additional treatments were required, and the dog made a speedy recovery. The rapid and intensive treatment prevented acute renal failure, which is a life-threatening complication of acute rhabdomyolisis. This is the first case of acute idiopathic rhabdomyolysis in a dog in Poland. An early intensive fluid therapy and a critical interpretation of radiological signs of intestinal obstruction are crucial for successful therapy.
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