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2 Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології

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ВИВЧЕННЯ ЯВИЩА ПОЛЯРИЗАЦІЇ В ПРОЦЕСІ ВИКОНАННЯ ЛАБОРАТОРНИХ РОБІТ

100%

Аврамчук О.

nr 2(66)

3-11

The article discusses the study of the topic “Polarization” in the process of implementation of laboratory works of the students of higher military education institutions. The results of the study of modern physics teaching and the issues of rational use of teaching time has shown that it is expedient to introduce innovations in the methodology of conducting those activities in which the students acquire practical skills in professional direction from the first years of study in higher school. The use of one of the classes of experimental and practical components in the study of one topic in the process of training of students clearly indicates integration of fundamental and professional components of training of the future military specialists. The process of the combination of the practical and experimental component of the work in the framework of laboratory classes on the topic “Polarization” is described; it is studied in the second semester. To explore this phenomenon cadets are offered three laboratory works: - laboratory work № 26, under the theme “Experimental verification of law of Malus”, the goal of the study was to explore the phenomenon of polarization in the process of experimental verification of law of Malus; - laboratory work № 27, under the theme “Study of polarization of light upon reflection from a dielectric surface”, the aim of this work is to investigate experimentally the degree of polarization of light reflected at the interface of two dielectrics, and to verify the Brewster’s law; - laboratory work № 28, the theme of which is “the study of the phenomenon of rotation of plane of polarization of light”, the aim of the study was to investigate the natural phenomenon of rotation of polarized light in optically active substances. Before they perform the work, the students should repeat the following theoretical questions: - for the laboratory work № 26: 1. The phenomenon of polarization of electromagnetic waves. Natural and polarized light. 2. Methods of obtaining polarized light. The physical nature of the action of the polarization devices. Law of Malus. - laboratory work № 27:1. The concept of light polarization and its types.2. Law Of Malus. The Law Of Brewster. - laboratory work №28:1. Podine premeasurement. The natural rotation of the plane of polarization. 2. Magnetic rotation of the plane of polarization. 3. The Faraday Effect. According to the tasks and equipment of each laboratory work the study of the topic is weighty fact that laboratory works vary by complexity of implementation; therefore, students with low levels of training are offered the laboratory work № 26; and work № 27 and № 28 are proposed for the students with a high level of knowledge of the discipline, because even the equipment itself requires discipline and responsibility of the students in the deposition and withdrawal of the installation to its original state (especially working with goniometer – laboratory work № 27 and accuracy with the polarimeter cuvettes and the appropriate concentrations, laboratory work №28). Each of the works serves a separate theoretical introduction and an appropriate order of execution. The order of execution of each job was individually taught in all workplaces. After performing the experimental part of the work the teacher gives the students a checklist of questions for which they should know answers during the oral defense.

АУКОВО-ДОСЛІДНИЦЬКА ДІЯЛЬНІСТЬ УЧНІВ В УМОВАХ РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ КОМПЕТЕНТНІСНОГО ПІДХОДУ ДО НАВЧАННЯ МАТЕМАТИКИ

75%

Васильєва Д.

nr 2(56)

196-202

The article deals with the organization of research activities in the school. Research work at teaching mathematics is examined as creative intellectual activity of pupils. Skills of research activity are a necessary condition of the modern successful person’s existence and can be developed at the mathematics lessons. Pupils’ research work is the special type of educational activity, during which on the basis of theoretical and practical knowledge, abilities and skills, pupils work out the theoretical or applied scientific problems of different degree of complication and difficulty. The main idea of the article is to study how to induce an individual to active independent activity and creation at the mathematics lessons by means of research work. Pupils must get not only knowledge and abilities but also to accumulate experience in the process of studying mathematics. The use of laboratory works at the mathematics lessons demonstrates the applied aspect of mathematics, fastens intersubject copulas, promotes cognitive interest in mathematics, level of pupils’ independent and research activity, improvement of pupils’ mathematical preparation quality which provides the competence approach of mathematics teaching. It is useful to conduct laboratory works at the mathematics lessons, for example, in the 6 form while studying the topics “Circle”, “Mean arithmetic”, “Middle value of size”. The use of laboratory works at home is also useful as such the type of work is shown by the applied application of mathematics and aсtualize knowledge and pupils’ abilities, obtained above. Organizing of the laboratory home-work is possible at senior pupils’ school while studying of statistics. Implementation of laboratory work requires pupils’ ability to conduct the various measuring, determine unknown quantity from formulas, and also to evaluate the mean value of quantities and errors. Statistical treatment of measuring results is an extraordinarily useful and interesting task for senior pupils. The pupils’ laboratory works are described, which can be conducted by pupils independently at home without any special equipment. It’s “Irrational use of running water while brushing your teeth” for citizen pupils and “Sources of contamination of atmospheric air and ways of its renewal” for village pupils.