Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Kapłani prawosławni w szkołach Białoruskiego (Wileńskiego) Okręgu Naukowego w okresie międzypowstaniowym (1832–1863)

100%

Wołczuk J.

Studia Wschodniosłowiańskie

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2014

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tom 14

361-374

EN

The main topic of this article is history of education on the Polish territory as Russian partition between November and January uprisings. Part of the Russification policy was an introduction of religion classes spoken in Russian for students belonging to Orthodox Church. Teachers came from Orthodox clergy, graduates from seminaries in Western and central governorates of the Empire. The article is based on information from Historical Archive in Vilnius and provides basic data on those teachers.

2

Między starą a nową ojczyzną – muzyczna aktywność cymbalistów na Dolnym Śląsku w latach 50. XX wieku

100%

Gacek G.

Roczniki Humanistyczne

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2022

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tom 70

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nr 12

169-185

EN

In this article, I would like to describe the musical activity of the dulcimer players who moved to Lower Silesia after World War II as a result of being expelled from the pre-war Polish eastern borderlands: the Vilnius region and East Galicia. Being new settlers in the so called Recovered Territories, surrounded by people who came both from their native and other regions, dulcimer players tried to continue their musical activity. I examine their different ways of adapting to a new situation and new place of residence, by building new dulcimers, joining interregional folk bands, attempting individual music-making based on the performance of dance music from their own region, or establishing an ensemble consisting of high school students. In my article, I draw on examples from archival recordings from the 1950s made by Józef Majchrzak (1909-1985), the Polish folklorist, musicologist and radio editor who worked for Polish Radio Wrocław.

PL

W artykule omówiono zagadnienie muzycznej aktywności cymbalistów, którzy zmuszeni byli do migracji z przedwojennych kresów wschodnich (Wileńszczyzny, Galicji Wschodniej) na Dolny Śląsk po II wojnie światowej. Będąc nowymi osadnikami na tzw. Ziemiach Odzyskanych, otoczeni ludnością o różnym pochodzeniu regionalnym, cymbaliści próbowali w nowych warunkach kontynuować muzyczną działalność. W tekście ukazane są różne sposoby adaptacji do nowej sytuacji wykonawczej w nowym miejscu zamieszkania: budowanie kolejnych instrumentów, granie w kapelach ludowych składających się z członków o różnym pochodzeniu regionalnym, próby indywidualnego muzykowania oparte na wykonywaniu muzyki tanecznej z regionu pochodzenia czy założenie zespołu składającego się z uczniów szkoły średniej uczących się wykonywać aranżację melodii pieśni ludowej z Dolnego Śląska i repertuar z Wileńszczyzny. Za bazę źródłową służą archiwalne przykłady muzyczne nagrane w latach 50. XX wieku przez Józefa Majchrzaka (1909-1985), polskiego folklorystę, muzykologa i redaktora radiowego pracującego w Polskim Radiu Wrocław.

3

Engineer Leonard Szutkowski – Manager of the State Quarries in Janowa Dolina in Volhynia

100%

Durka J.

Polish Biographical Studies

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2020

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nr 8

5-31

EN

An in-depth analysis of Leonard Szutkowski’s biographical documents shows that he was an outstanding patriot who devoted most of his professional life to the economic development of Poland. He was born into a landowning family, did his military service in the tsarist army, and escaped from Bolshevik captivity. In independent Poland, he did not continue his military career but worked in the state administration as an engineer responsible for road works. He continued his engineer’s work during the Polish-Bolshevik war. Later, he managed the quarries in Janowa Dolina in Volhynia and made them a model enterprise on a European scale. He paid the highest price for his attitude to life. Until now many aspects of his activity have been unknown. Only the archive search in Ukraine made it possible to gain knowledge about views and details of his socio-political activity. The research employed a biographical method based on the analysis of personal documents. Scientific studies on particular topics related to Leonard Szutkowski were also taken into account. The research was supplemented by an analysis of press materials from the period in question.

4

Budownictwo szkół powszechnych w województwie wileńskim w latach II RP. Wyniki wstępnych badań

80%

Jurczyk-Romanowska E. , Piwowarczyk M. , Walasek S.

Wychowanie w Rodzinie

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2023

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tom XXX

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nr (2/2023)

25-40

EN

Introduction. Between 1918 and 1939, the issue of building schools, above all universal schools, became a priority task for the state, local authorities and local communities. The introduction of statutory compulsory education resulted in the need to build schools in numerous localities, overcoming a number of problems primarily of a financial nature. The aim of this article is to present the process of building schools, their increasing size and sources of funding. Aim. This article presents the development of the construction of public schools in the Wilno [Vilnius] province during the years of the Second Republic. The research included an analysis of various documents concerning legislative solutions at the state level, local activities, as well as support of local activities by national organisations and societies. Method. The research was conducted using the method of qualitative document analysis. The diverse source material was collected both during an archival search in Vilnius and a search of commonly applicable legal acts made through the Internet System of Legal Acts. Results. The article indicates the number of schools built in the Vilnius district during the years of the Second Republic and attempts to reconstruct their financing. Conclusion. The effect of the construction (expansion and renovation) of schools in the Second Republic was: 1) the development of the educational network neglected during the Partitions and destroyed during the actions of World War I and in the years 1918-1920; 2) to create conditions for the increasingly full implementation of compulsory schooling; 3) organising a centre for the cultural and educational life of the local community; 4) activating and integrating the inhabitants of the locality.

PL

Wprowadzenie. W latach 1918–1939 zagadnienie budownictwa szkół, przede wszystkim powszechnych, stało się priorytetowym zadaniem dla państwa, samorządów i lokalnych społeczności. Wprowadzenie ustawowego obowiązku nauki skutkowało koniecznością budowy szkół w licznych miejscowościach. Wiązało się to z pokonywaniem szeregu problemów przede wszystkich o charakterze finansowym. Celem artykułu jest zaprezentowanie przebiegu procesu budowy szkół, ich wzrastającej liczebności oraz źródeł finansowania. Cel. W artykule nakreślono rozwój budownictwa szkół powszechnych na terenie województwa wileńskiego w latach II RP. Badania obejmowały analizę zróżnicowanych dokumentów w zakresie rozwiązań legislacyjnych na poziomie państwa, działalności lokalnej, a także wsparcia działań miejscowych przez organizacje i towarzystwa ogólnopolskie. Metoda. W prowadzonych badaniach wykorzystano metodę jakościowej analizy dokumentów. Zróżnicowany materiał źródłowy został zgromadzony zarówno podczas kwerendy archiwalnej w Wilnie, jak i kwerendy powszechnie obowiązujących aktów prawnych dokonanej za pośrednictwem Internetowego Systemu Aktów Prawnych. Wyniki. W artykule wskazano liczbę wybudowanych szkół w okręgu wileńskim w latach II RP oraz podjęto próbę zrekonstruowania ich finansowania. Wnioski. Efektem budowy (rozbudowy i remontów) szkół w II RP było: 1) rozwijanie sieci szkolnictwa zaniedbanego w czasach zaborów oraz zniszczonego w czasie działań prowadzonych podczas I wojny światowej i w latach 1918-1920; 2) tworzenie warunków dla coraz pełniejszej realizacji obowiązku szkolnego; 3) organizowanie centrum życia kulturalno-oświatowego lokalnej społeczności; 4) aktywizowanie i integrowanie mieszkańców danej miejscowości.

5

Konserwacja obiektów sztuki sakralnej Kresów Wschodnich Rzeczypospolitej

80%

Smaza J.

Ochrona Zabytków

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2010

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nr 1-4

85-94

EN

The tumultuous history of World War II along with its political outcomes have not only lead to moving borders of the Republic of Poland, but also to losing a considerable part of its territory. The lands which were the source and the breeding ground for multicultural tangible and intangible values remained beyond the eastern border. While direct military activities did not lead to the destruction of many temples, the period of fratricidal combat, particularly in Volhynia, fuelled chiefly with hatred and anger, caused vast destruction. Another period was the rule of the Soviet authorities, whose main goals included fighting religion, as well as its entire tangible heritage. The forms and the intensity of fighting varied: temples were being closed, blown up or transformed into factories, power stations, prisons, bakeries, warehouses (usually for artificial fertilizers, oftentimes stored loose), mills, stables, department stores, gymnasiums, offices, apartments, concert halls, or museums of atheism and religion; this was connected with the removal of crosses, towers and domes. Frequently, reconstructions were so extensive that today it is very difficult to recognise that they were once sacred buildings. The furnishing of temples, which often was at the highest artistic level in the world, suffered the cruellest fate. Usually, it was barbarically removed and burnt. Immense geopolitical changes in East-Central Europe in the early 1990’s brought independence to many countries, which undertook a number of regulations enabling the return of temples to their rightful owners. This process, very vigorous in the first period, has almost ceased in recent years. Restoring fairly original appearance to the recovered temples required a huge sacrifice, and oftentimes heroism. First of all, protective, repair, and construction works had to be conducted, in many instances without adequate knowledge. The restoration of the sacred interior designs of the temples was done on a random basis. While the way of proceeding with the restorations was somewhat justified at the time, the activities in recent years, including among others, the inappropriate reconstruction of furnishing, have resulted in a loss of the last remaining values. They have been replaced with mediocrity and tackiness. Professional restoration works have been carried out only in few cases. The reasons for this are varied, on the one hand, among others, the lack of funds, the lack of adequate identification and the preparation of objects in such a vast territory, and on the other hand, the lack of partners. Presently, works on the appropriate professional level are being conducted almost in every scope and discipline at several dozen temples. They are carried out by highly experienced specialists from Polish schools. The works which have been conducted for the last 22 years in the 17th century collegiate church in Zhovkva, Ukraine, constitute one of such exceptions. They have been carried out by students and graduates of Polish schools: the Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw and the Academy of Fine Arts in Kraków, as well as the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń at the faculty of conservation and restoration of sculpture and architectural structure, and occasionally conservation and restoration of painting, or historic textiles. The works have been conducted in various forms: as holiday internships (month long) or MA theses (in case of the Academy in Warsaw), and the most difficult conservation issues are solved by international committees of specialists and are rendered by certified conservators and restorers of works of art based on the contract for specific task (it has only been several years that this form has contributed to a significant acceleration of the state of completing the restoration of the temple), and also as a form of volunteer work. This last form of activity (increasingly popular) requires highly qualified specialists who undertake full responsibility for the conducted works. Moreover, specific regulations exist which pertain to carrying out restoration works on historical monuments. The assistance, especially financial, of the Department of National Heritage, existing as a part of the Ministry of Culture and National Heritage, or the Centre of Polish Cultural Heritage Abroad at the Association “Polish Community”, as well as the Senate of the Republic of Poland and various foundations, has decidedly increased the number of works rendered on the highest professional level in the world serving the preservation of heritage of the eastern borderlands. It is, regrettably, still “a drop in the ocean”.

6

Rolnictwo kiedyś i dziś, czyli wspomnienia kombatanta. Rozmowa z Michałem Walawskim, właścicielem gospodarstwa rolnego w Rzędzinach, gmina Dobra

80%

Wojnik C.

Zachodniopomorski Magazyn Rolniczy

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2010-2011

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nr 64

7

Wileńskie Trąbki

80%

Wojtacki M.

Łowiec Polski

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2007

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nr 02

8

Stuk, puk w okieneczko...

70%

Watroba H.

Farmer

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2011

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nr 08

9

Pymchy dolhobrodzkie

70%

Cieslak J.

Ekonatura

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2009

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nr 09

15-16