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Modelling of dynamic interactions in cervical spine during car collision

100%

Gzik M. , Tejszerewska D.

tom Vol. 2, nr 2

33-40

The paper presents a dynamic spatial mathematical model in which a head, two cervical vertebrae, a group of neck muscles, an intervertebral disc, ligaments and intervertebral joints are taken into consideration. The behaviour of modelled body exposed to action of a force corresponding to the real enforcement, which occurred at a head-on collision during the road accident, was simulated, and the model was verified on the basis of data obtained from published experiments.

Motion analysis of upper parts of human body under dynamical loading

84%

Gzik M. , Tejszerska D.

tom z. 19

51-54

The mathematical model of the head and seven cervical vertebrae describing dynamics during car collision is presented in this paper. Article included the numerical simulation data of dynamical forces into human cervical spine. On the basis this model is creating extended model included movable trunk and taking into consideration contact human body with armchair, wheel and seat belts.

Loading rate effect on mechanical properties of cervical spine ligaments

84%

Trajkovski A. , Omerovic S. , Krasna S. , Prebil I.

tom Vol. 16, no. 3

13--20

Mechanical properties of cervical spine ligaments are of great importance for an accurate finite element model when analyzing the injury mechanism. However, there is still little experimental data in literature regarding fresh human cervical spine ligaments under physiological conditions. The focus of the presented study is placed on three cervical spine ligaments that stabilize the spine and protect the spinal cord: the anterior longitudinal ligament, the posterior longitudinal ligament and the ligamentum flavum. The ligaments were tested within 24-48 hours after death, under two different loading rates. An increase trend in failure load, failure stress, stiffness and modulus was observed, but proved not to be significant for all ligament types. The loading rate had the highest impact on failure forces for all three ligaments (a 39.1 % average increase was found). The observed increase trend, compared to the existing increase trends reported in literature, indicates the importance of carefully applying the existing experimental data, especially when creating scaling factors. A better understanding of the loading rate effect on ligaments properties would enable better case-specific human modelling.

Determining of stresses in unpropperly curved cervical spine

84%

Walczak T. , Buśkiewicz J. , Jankowski R.

2008

tom Vol. 23

389--394

The paper presents the method of determining the stresses in cervical spine vertebrae. It is based on techniques known from strength of materials – the theory of strongly curved beams. It allows to determine normal stresses in vertebrae of cervical part of spine with known characteristic dimensions. The method was tested on three different cases of cervical spine conformation: one properly and two improperly curved spinal line. Obtained information about influence of spine geometry on character and value of stresses could be useful in clinical practice.