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Kiszczakowska „policja w policji”. O Zarządzie Ochrony Funkcjonariuszy (1985–1990)

100%

Wicenty D.

nr 1

Kiszczak’s “Police within the Police”. On the Department for the Protection of Functionaries (1985–1990)The article is about the Department for the Protection of Functionaries (Zarząd Ochrony Funkcjonariuszy - ZOF), a heretofore insufficiently examined structure, which in 1985–1990 fulfilled the function of a ”police within the police” in the Ministry of Internal Affairs. The author discussed the circumstances of the origin of ZOF, including changes inaugurated after the appearance at the Ministry of General Czesław Kiszczak (i.a. the Ministry’s militarisation), the arrest and trial of Captain Adam Hodysz, and the death of Rev. Jerzy Popiełuszko. The text provides a synthesis of the functioning of ZOF within the context of its tasks, rights, structures, and staff, with the author describing typical and unusual cases of abuse discovered by ZOF, such as corruption in the passport department, the “treason” committed by the functionaries for the sake of the “political opponent”, and the on–the–spot or organised use made of Militia and Security Service structures and means for private purposes (including the activity of sui generis Militia gangs and symbiotic relations between the functionaries and the private sector). The article also takes into account the effectiveness of ZOF and ends by outlining new fields of research offering, i.a. sociological analyses of pathologies and social control mechanisms in the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

Problem bezpieczeństwa jednostki, grupy, państwa

75%

Gozdór G.

nr 1 Prawo

195-212

The paper analyses the problem of security and order in relation to the security of a person, a group and the state. The author discusses the rules of law which strictly refer to the subject of security and public safety, the definitions of security and order used by the Polish doctrine of criminal justice, as well as the range of actions performed by idividual persons, groups of people and the state in order to preserve the order and security. In the conclusion the author proposes certain ways of improving both the social sense of safety and the security status, drawing attention to the commonly undervalued role of the Church, the Family and the School. The paper also deals with the question of private policing and a change of the image of the police (community policing).

Redefinicja społecznej funkcji profilaktyki.

63%

Czarnecka A.

tom 25

111-138

Podstawowym mechanizmem profilaktyki jest troska, a głównym powodem opłacalność. Jesteśmy uczeni odpowiedzialności za siebie i innych. Zauważyliśmy, że profilaktyka stała się nowym rodzajem kontroli społecznej. Dzięki rekonstrukcji teorii Michela Foucault jesteśmy w stanie rozumieć, że technologia władzy wciąż ewoluuje. Zaobserwowano, że we współczesnej demokracji funkcjonuje nowy rodzaj kontroli społecznej. To profilaktyka jako nowa metoda sprawowania władzy. Współczesna demokracja działa jak program profilaktyczny. To program społecznego ujarzmiania. Profilaktyka jest typem kontroli społecznej programującej. Ta redefinicja profilaktyki może być bardzo przydatna do badania systemu politycznego.

Concern is the fundamental mechanism of prevention, and profitability is its main motivation. We are taught to take responsibility for ourselves and for others. However, we have noticed that preventive measures have become tools of social control of a new type. Thanks to Michel Foucault’s reconstruction theory we are able to understand that the technologies of power undergo constant evolution. It has been observed that democracy of today makes use of a new type of social control, i.e. prevention, understood as a new method of the exercise of power. As a matter of fact, modern democracy functions as a prevention facility, a program of social harness, as a type of programming social control. Such redefinition of prevention may be of use in research on political systems.