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1

Przyczynek do badań nad historią konserwacji papieru

100%

Wawrzeńczak A.

Ochrona Zabytków

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1974

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nr 3

229-236

EN

The two examples of conservation of the sixteenth- century books printed tin Cracow's old printing works notorious of the high quality of their products have been presented by the author. The first of books, widely known as the so-called Leopolite’s Bible printed at the Szarffenbergers and constituting one of the most outstanding monuments of ancient printing art in Cracow was, in 1883, subjected to restoration by Władysław Wenda then an employee of the Old Records Archive, Warsaw who concentrated his efforts on reconstruction of the missing text parts and on restoration of the partly damaged woodcut illustrations. His work can be regarded as one of the most typical for the nineteenth-century approaches in restoring of old books. Though lacking suitable experience, which the lack found its reflection in quality of conservation carried out, Wenda — it should be emphasized — tried to restore its original forms to the defective copy. So, for instance, the missing frontispiece was replaced by him with a copy prepared by the use of homeographic technique invented in 1857 by Adam Piliński. Also the facsimile reproductions of the four text pages have been added by him. It deservaes to be stressed that Wenda being fully conscious of importance which his description of treatments carried out might have for the future researchers had bound it together with the original text. Hence, the above description can be treated ias one of the first conservator’s documentations.

2

Usuwanie grynszpanu z papieru

100%

Kehl J.

Ochrona Zabytków

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1981

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nr 1-2

98-99

EN

On old maps in verdigris painted places there occur now crumbling and falling-off stains difficult to remove with usual agents. Some ligands, forming soluble chelates in combination with copper, were examined. The examinations made allowed us to choose the bath in 1% water solution o f sulfosalicylic acid or 1% solution o f disodium EDTA salt to remove the stains.

3

Laminacja papierów czerpanych

100%

Płochocki K.

Ochrona Zabytków

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1970

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nr 2

115-118

EN

Under certain conditions the hand-made papers manufactured from rag fibres are exposed to attacks of micro-organisms thus suffering the degradation of cellulose content in fibres. Papers so contaminated are gradually loosing their original mechanical strength. * At the end of the 19th century a method has been found for strengthening of weakened papers by their lining with artificial parchment glued on by means of the starch glues. However, with the passing time artificial parchment is getting more and more brittle and looses its transparency whereas its removing from the weakened paper becomes very difficult and causes several considerable troubles. The weakened papers can also be laminated with silk chiffon or Japanese tissue paper, but here the faults common for the both methods of lamination consist in — difficulties to strip the linings from their beds in the case of need, advancing flavescence, loss of mechanical strength, and the susceptibility of starch glues to the action of micro- organisms and insects. All the above factors necessitate the considering of possibilities to apply other methods of lamination for hand-made papers. Method of lamination using acetylcellulose foil worked out by Barrow and its modifications applied successfully in several countries can be considered as proper one for lamination of machine-made papers, and in particular those containing groundwood. However, the hand-made papers change their texture apparently after processing of their surfaces. Lamination with the use of acetylcellulose foil partially solved in acetone appears to be a better method in application for old papers since it eliminates the need for high temperature and pressure but the acetylcellulose foil of high quality is required for this purpose. In the National Main Archiv of Old Record, Warsaw a method has been developed for lamination using the acetone solution of a c e ty lcellulose. The solution is rubbed on the paper and tissue paper by means of a painter’s brus/h enabling to laminate the paper on both sides or on one side only. However, the lamination on both sides is more labour-consuming operation and leads to the increased paper thickness but at the same time provides the higher mechanical strength. In the course of lamination by means of acetylcellulose acetone solution the toxic and highly inflammable vapours arise. Similar to the above method is lamination using the methylcellulose solution. The aqueous solution of methylcellulose is entirely odourless. The principle of lamination procedure is much the same as in the case of starch glue lamination with this sole exception that paper laminated with methylcellulose is much more resistant to the attacking microorganisms and at the same time shows considerable improvement of its mechanical strength.

4

Porównanie metod konserwacji na przykładzie dwóch obiektów w stanie destruktu

88%

Ważyńska E. , Wołk-Jezierska W.

Ochrona Zabytków

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1981

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nr 3-4

184-188

EN

The subject of the communique is a comparison of two methods of conservation employed in the Workshop of the Conservation of Engravings and Old Books (attached to the State Enterprise for Monuments Protection) to reconstruct works of art which were in a very bad condition. One of the works is the print „The Map of the Sejneńska Diocese” by B. Gratowski, the property of the Museum of Revolutionary Movement at Białystok; the other — a wood Chiaroscuro engraving by A. Andreani „Christ before Pilat” found in the National Museum in Wroclaw. Despite added strengthenings in form of cloth and paper plying-ups, the paper of the objects displayed a marked decomposition of the fibre due to its excessive brittleness and poor adhesion to the plying-up as a result of a destructive action of microorganisms. In order to have the possibility to carry out conservation treatment on the destructed paper and also to succeed in its transfer onto a new plying-up, two variants of a protective face sizing were applied. In one case a traditional method and starch pastes were used to protect the facing and the plying-up; in the other case acetyl cellulose was used instead of a starch paste. The use of the same glue made it necessary to apply water solutions of alcohols to remove yellow discolorations. When treating with acetyl cellulose it was necessary to deacidify several times. Contrasting flues facilitated conservation procedure to a large extent. Conservation processes employed made it possible to select a less labour-consuming but equally effective method for the conservation of works of art which have a decayed groundwork.

5

Potrzeby w zakresie przechowywania zbiorów na podłożu papierowym i ich konserwacji na przykładzie Biblioteki Polskiej w Paryżu

75%

Łonicka H.

Ochrona Zabytków

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2002

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nr 3-4

374-377

EN

The article is the outcome of the author’s stay at the Polish Library in Paris in 2000 for the purpose of examining collections of paper-based objects and the state of their preservation. The Library gathers works by Polish authors connected with France as well as those by artists originating from the French, English or Italian schools. The article discusses assorted factors affecting changes of the physical and chemical properties of paper. The rate of those transformations depends on external and internal factors. Further on, the author considered ways of minimalising the impact of those factors by means of suitable conditions of storing the collections. Another topic, alongside prophylaxis, was conservation intent upon restoring the “original appearance” of paper-based collections.

6

Zalania zbiorów archiwalnych i bibliotecznych – przygotowanie do katastrof i działania ratunkowe: Część 2. Uwagi praktyczne do działań przy likwidacji skutków katastrof przez zalanie

75%

Zerek B. F.

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2010

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tom R. 66, nr 9

523-525

7

PROBLEMATYKA OCHRONY ZBIORÓW Z XIX I XX W. O PODŁOŻU Z PAPIERU

63%

Sobucki W.

Ochrona Zabytków

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2008

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nr 3

65-74

EN

The nineteenth century witnessed profound transformations in the technology of paper production; consequently, paper lost its age-resistance and books, periodicals and documents from that period onwards represent, as a rule, an unsatisfactory state. A mass–scale deacidification - the only known way of limiting losses in collections from the two centuries - was inaugurated in Poland thanks to the Government 'Acid paper' Programme, realized in 2000-2008. Books and other prints are treated with the Bookkeeper method applied at the National Library in Warsaw and the Jagiellonian Library in Krakow, while sheet documents are treated with the Neschen method in the two above-mentioned libraries and in four archives: in Warsaw, Katowice, Gdynia and Milanówek near Warsaw. Furthermore, statistical research conducted as part of the programme established that in Poland at least 43 mln books and 200 kms of acts must be deacidified, which, on a national's calve, comprises about 94% of library and archive resources from the last two centuries. The optimistic aspect of the issue lies in the fact that the publication of books with non-acid paper was inaugurated in Poland at the end of the last century; this means that the number of library resources threatened with acid hydrolysis is not growing. The article also analyses studies relating to the state of preservation of nineteenth and twentieth-century collections with a paper base.

8

Pleśnie izolowane z obiektów zabytkowych o podłożu papierowym : Wrażliwość na wybrane metody stosowane w konserwacji papieru, podatność wybranych rodzajów papieru na infekcje

63%

Zerek B. F.

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2006

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tom R. 62, nr 7

404-407

EN

The general purpose of research was to evaluate the potential disinfecting effect of conservation/ restoration methods (deacidification and bleaching) and compare these results with effects of 2 commonly used in Poland methods of disinfection. The material was: 15 strains of fungi: Aspergillus ochraceus, Aspergillus versicolor (2 strains), Gliocladium catenulatum (2 strains), Penicillium ochraceum, Verticillium lamellicola, P. verrucosum var.cyclopium, Trichoderma harzianum, Aspergillus awamorii, Botryotrichum piluliferum, Paecilomyces variotii, Penicillium funiculosum, Aspergillus terreus, Penicillium spinulosum. Following 6 kinds of paper were tested: Whatman filtration paper, Whatman filtration paper sized with starch, Whatman filtration paper sized with gelatin, hand-made paper produced by Glaser (Stuttgart, Germany), acidfree paper Fabriano and standard printer/copy paper (Canon). Tested methods: - deacidifiation with calcium hydroxide water solution, - deacidifiation with barium hydroxide methanol solution, - bleaching with kalium permanganate water solution, - bleaching with chloramine T water solution, - disinfection with p-chloro-m-cresol methanol solution, - disinfection in vacuum-pressure chamber with ethylene oxide Experiment: 15 x 15 mm samples (3 repeats) of all six kinds of paper were infected with fungi and then exposed to the factors mentioned above exactly in the way it takes place during standard conservation/restoration. After exposition to agents the samples were incubated and after 3 weeks the growth on each sample was evaluated. The results from three samples for every set fungus/paper/method were interpreted in following way: if there was no growth at all, the method is effective (fungicidal) against fungus growing on specified substratum (paper). For 300 combinations fungus/conservation method/paper only the one treatment showed disinfecting efficiency: deacidifiation with barium hydroxide methanol solution was effective against Aspergillus awamorii growing on gelatin sized Whatman filtrating paper. The paper is chemically analogical to the old European papers sized with gelatin. However, the disinfection with ethylene oxide was not 100% effective either and the results of disinfection with p-chloro-m-cresol were much better (the most resistant to this method species was Botryotrichum piluliferum).

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Badanie efektywności odkwaszania papierów metodą Bookkeeper: Cz. 2. Badania pH oraz stopnia równomierności odkwaszania (wskaźniki kwasowo-zasadowe)

63%

Kozielec T.

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2010

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tom R. 66, nr 7

399-405

10

Metody badań mikrobiologicznych w Bibliotece Narodowej

63%

Zerek B. F.

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2007

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tom R. 63, nr 11

669-672

11

Japońskie kleje polisacharydowe jako spoiwo w konserwacji zabytkowych tkanin jedwabnych oraz papieru

44%

Liszewska W.

Ochrona Zabytków

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2002

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nr 2

191-206

EN

The author discusses two Japanese polysaccharides from the viewpoint of their application as the doubling binder for paintings on silk and silken fabrics — the non-gluten wheat starch shofu and the seaweed glue funori. Detailed research concerned the quality of the wheat starch. Subsequently, the author compared the properties of the two polysaccharides. Following studies concerned the rheology, resistance and rigidity of the binder as well as the artificial aging of samples of silk fabric and Japanese paper containing the glues in question. The aging of both natural binders was conducted in a climatic chamber for 24 days in a temperature of 65°C and with a humidity of 55% RH, as well as by means of exposure to a xenon lamp for 240 hours. The results indicated the extremely stable optical properties of the funori glue and its positive impact upon the resistance of silk. Research conducted with the aid of SEM (electronic scanning microscope) indicates the way in which the glue spreads on the surface of the fabric.