In November 1918, a Polish-Ukrainian conflict broke out on the Polish Southeast Borderland including areas of Easter Galicia and Volhynia. The Battle of Lvov, which took place on 1st to 22nd November, finished with victory and was the first stage of the conflict. Seizing Lvov did not mean the end of Polish-Ukrainian fights that lasted until July 1919. On January 28, 1919, Col. Berbecki’s group reached the outskirts of Bełz and seized the town. During the fights, the enemy’s forces, which outnumbered ours, were defeated, 365 prisoners of war were taken, some officers including, 25 machine guns and other guns and ammunition were gained. The most important characteristic of Bełz defence was its active and offensive character. Taking into consideration the art of war during the defence of Bełz, it has to be stated that undertaken by Col. Berbecki form of active defence was the most effective solution enabling reaching success. Experiences gained at the defence of Bełz were included into Polish art of war. And thus Gen. Stanisław Haller ordered to introduce the subject “Tactics of Persistent Defence in Housing Estates” into the curriculum of General Staff School. There were used experiences and conclusions from Bełz defence, worked out by Col. Berbecki at the request of the Chief of Staff.
The article presents the results of a study of Polish-Ukrainian relations in postwar Poland that historians have not investigated enough so far. This research pertains to atrocities committed against Ukrainian people in Przemyśl Poviat in the spring of 1945. By comparing the archives’ data, published documents, memoirs and subject literature, the author has established a probable number of victims. He also described the general characteristics of events, revealed their dynamics, and sought to name the main perpetrators of the crimes mentioned above.
PL
Artykuł ukazuje mało zbadany fragment relacji polsko-ukraińskich w powojennej Polsce, tj. zabójstwa osób narodowości ukraińskiej, do których doszło w powiecie przemyskim wiosną 1945 r. Zestawiając ze sobą informacje z materiałów archiwalnych, opublikowanych dokumentów, memuarystyki oraz literatury przedmiotu, autor starał się ustalić najbardziej prawdopodobną liczbą ofiar, dokonał ich ogólnej charakterystyki, ukazał dynamikę wydarzeń oraz próbował wskazać głównych sprawców zbrodni.
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