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EN
Resveratrol is the most extensively studied stilbene derivative. We previously showed that methylthiostilbenes were more effective inhibitors of CYP1A1 and 1B1 activity than resveratrol. In this study, we investigated whether resveratrol and its methylthio-substituted derivatives, i.e. 3-M-4′-MTS (S2), 3,5-DM-4′-MTS (S5) and 3,4,5-TM-4′-MTS (S7) could activate Nrf2 signaling in the mouse epidermis and in human keratinocytes. Western blot analysis showed translocation of Nrf2 from the cytosol to the nucleus in both models. All of the tested stilbenes increased GST activity, but resveratrol was the most effective inducer. Moreover, only resveratrol increased the protein level of GSTP in the mouse epidermis. GSTM was enhanced in HaCaT cells after the treatment with derivatives S2 and S5. The same effect was observed for GSTP in the case of compound S2. Resveratrol and its derivatives reduced the NQO2 protein level in HaCaT cells. Thus, it is possible that increased expression of GSTP or GSTM and GST activity was linked with NQO2 inhibition in these cells. The results of this study indicate that resveratrol and its methylthioderivatives activate Nrf2 not only in the mouse epidermis, but also in human keratinocytes. Upregulating GST isozymes might be particularly important for deactivating chemical carcinogens, such as PAH.
11
Content available remote Perfusion culture promotes differentiation of oral keratinocytes in vitro
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EN
The article presents classifi cation, functions of melanins together with maturation stages and transport mechanisms of melanosomes from melanocytes to keratinocytes. Melanins are macromolecular pigments, occuring in the plants, animals and fungi kingdoms. Melanins can be classifi ed into three groups: eumelanin, pheomelanin and allomelanin. They are widely distributed in organism and are responsible for the colour of eyes, skin, hair, feathers and coats. Protective role of melanins is connected with absorbing of UV radiation and scavenging of free radicals. They can also interact with drugs, infl uencing therapeutic and toxic eff ects. Melanins are synthesized in melanocytes, in lysosome-related organelles – melanosomes. Melanosomes mature through four morphologically distinct stages. In melanocytes, they move rapidly fi rstly along microtubules and secondly along actine fi laments to the end of dendrites. Next, melanosomes are transferred to keratinocytes, where determine colour of skin and protect against ultraviolet radiation.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono podział i funkcje melanin oraz etapy dojrzewania i transportu melanosomów z melanocytów do keratynocytów. Melaniny są wielkocząsteczkowymi barwnikami szeroko rozpowszechnionymi w przyrodzie. Można wśród nich wyróżnić eumelaninę, feomelaninę i allomelaninę. Pełnią one wiele ważnych biologicznych i biochemicznych funkcji. Odpowiadają za kolor oczu, skóry, włosów, a także sierści i piór, ponadto chronią komórki przed szkodliwym wpływem promieniowania UV i wolnych rodników. Mogą także oddziaływać z cząsteczkami leków, wpływając na ich skuteczność i toksyczność. Biosynteza melaniny zachodzi w wyspecjalizowanych komórkach barwnikowych – melanocytach. Za proces melanogenezy odpowiedzialne są melanosomy należące do grupy organelli komórkowych związanych z lizosomami. Powstają one w kilkuetapowym procesie z endosomalnych pęcherzyków, które dojrzewając przechodzą przez cztery różne stadia morfologiczne. Dojrzałe melanosomy są transportowane z obszaru okołojądrowego do wypustek dendrytycznych melanocytów kolejno za pośrednictwem mikrotubul, a następnie fi lamentów aktynowych. Zgromadzone w wypustkach melanocytarnych melanosomy są transportowane do otaczających keratynocytów, gdzie determinują zabarwienie skóry oraz pełnią funkcję ochronną przed promieniowaniem UV.
EN
Numerous bioactive chemical compounds of plant origin may influence the angiogenic activity of various cell types and may thus affect the formation of blood vessels. Here we present the angiogenic effects of extracts of edible plants collected in Crete, Southern Italy and Southern Spain. Extracts have been applied to cultured human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1), human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and human keratinocytes (HaCaT). About half out of 96 extracts exerted an inhibitory effect on HMEC-1 proliferation. Additionally, we have noted the inhibitory effects of extracts on HUVEC differentiation on a Matrigel layer. None of the extracts showed a stimulatory activity. The extract of Thymus piperella exerted moderate inhibitory effect on cobalt-chloride induced VEGF synthesis, however, CoCl2-induced activation of hypoxia responsive element of VEGF promoter was significantly attenuated only by extract of Origanum heracleoticum. Our study indicates that extracts of local food plants, of potential value as nutraceuticals, contain chemical compounds which may inhibit angiogenesis. Demonstration of their real influence on human health requires, however, extensive animal studies and controlled clinical investigations.
EN
Degradable aliphatic polyesters such as polylactides, polyglycolides and their copolymers are used in several biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. We analyzed the influence of poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) thin films on the adhesion, proliferation, motility and differentiation of primary human skin keratinocytes and fibroblasts in the context of their potential use as cell carriers for skin tissue engineering. We did not observe visible differences in the morphology, focal contact appearance, or actin cytoskeleton organization of skin cells cultured on PLGA films compared to those cultured under control conditions. Moreover, we did not detect biologically significant differences in proliferative activity, migration parameters, level of differentiation, or expression of vinculin when the cells were cultured on PLGA films and tissue culture polystyrene. Our results indicate that PLGA films do not affect the basic functions of primary human skin keratinocytes and fibroblasts and thus show acceptable biocompatibility in vitro, paving the way for their use as biomaterials for skin tissue engineering.
EN
The analysis of the history of the research on antivirals especially the treatment of III V-l-infected individuals with antivirals which were developed prior to the current AIDS epidemic led to suggest a different approach to the targeting of antivirals in the AIDS patients. Since HIV-1 replication in infected individuals occurs in the lymph nodes, it is suggested that modified anti-Hl V-l drugs should be applied to Langerhans cells in the skin. The Langerhans cells can serve as the carries of the antiviral drugs attached to their surfaces due to their ability to migrate from the skin through the lymph vessels and to home to the lymph node. At that site Langerhans cells interact with T cells. Transfer of the anti-HIV-1 drugs to infected CD4+ T cells in the lymph node will reduce virus replication in the lymph nodes and will reduce the cytotoxic systemic effects of the antiviral drug. Such an antiviral treatment requires the development of efficient methods of drug delivery through the skin.
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