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Benjamin L. Whorf a podoby kritiky „hypotézy jazykové relativity“

100%

Jehlička J.

Studie z aplikované lingvistiky - Studies in Applied Linguistics

2013

tom 4

nr 1

53-73

Benjamin Lee Whorf is undoubtedly one of the most influential American linguists of the first half of the 20th century. His legacy, embodied in the so‑called Sapir‑Whorf hypothesis of linguistic relativity, has been an object of controversy for a long time, illuminating paradigm shifts in modern linguistics. This article attempts to deconstruct a picture of this ambiguous figure and his works, concerning reception and critical response by both his proponents and opponents. I focus on various kinds of (mis)understanding Whorf and its reflections in linguistic theories since 1950s. At the end I mention current reformulations of the linguistic relativity principle and the prospect of new challenges of interdisciplinary research in this field.

Jazyk a krajina v antropologickém výzkumu

100%

Mácha P.

tom 108

nr 4

403-430

Language is a key element in the perception, formation, and reproduction of landscapes and group boundaries. It is effective in at least three dimensions, namely, the inner/cognitive, the outward/appropriative, and the collective/identitarian. The inner dimension refers to the fact that our perception of landscape and our spatial cognition are determined, to a large extent, by the linguistic terms and grammatical structures specific to our language. The outward dimension refers to the capacity of language to project linguistically- and culturally-determined understandings into the physical world and create and appropriate places and landscapes by the act of naming. Finally, the collective dimension points to the importance of the linguistic delimitation of landscapes and their association with group identities. The article summarizes crucial recent findings in all three of the aforementioned dimensions and suggests possibilities for further research.