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1

From the history of onomastics in the former Soviet Union

100%

Molchanova O.

Annales Neophilologiarum

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2013

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nr 7

119-132

EN

The paper presents the lecture I delivered at Bradford University (GB) in 1973 and addresses the history of onomastics in the former Soviet Union.

PL

Artykuł zawiera wykład wygłoszony na Uniwersytecie w Bradford (Wielka Brytania) w 1973 roku i poświęcony jest problematyce historii nazewnictwa w byłym Związku Radzieckim.

2

Карпатоукраїнська словосполука біла дівка в південнослов’янському контексті

99%

Гриценко П.

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tom 12

15-57

EN

The collocation біла дівка (synonymous with гарна дівчина, кохана дівчина) and its correlative білий хлопець, леґінь are popular in the song folklore of the Ukrainian Carpathian Mountains. In the Ukrainian dialectal continuum, these frequent structural elements of the kolomyika songs belong to the Carpathian regional lexis. In Carpathian songs about love and affection, the meaning “beautiful, positive” conveyed by білий occurs in the phrase *біла дівка as well as many phrasal names containing it.The folklore of every ethnic community is unique with respect to its content (i.e. plots and themes), language, and imagery. At the same time, behind the uniqueness of folk songs of different people, there are sometimes common features arising at various times and for different reasons. These features is a specific subject for comparative-historical research. Bulgarian, Macedonian, and Serbian songs reflect a mode of using *běl- to express the notion of love and affection as well as the related values; this bears a resemblance to the Carpathian Ukrainian pattern. These folklore traditions share a more or less similar way of using the qualifier *běl- referring to a beautiful beloved maiden, as well as attributes, circumstances, and processes which, taken together, represent a large axiological “white space matrix” of love songs (carrying markedly positive connotations). Here, the qualifier *běl- is among the principal means of implementation of the semantic features “beautiful” and “positive”, while its synonymic relations to the other items conveying the same meaning are ethnos-specific.The qualifier *běl- in the collocation *біла дівка and its permanent presence in the structure of the other nominative items represent the Ukrainian-Carpathian-Bulgarian-Macedonian-Serbian isogloss, thus increasing the number of integral, linguistic and cultural Ukrainian-Carpathian-Southern-Slavonic entities. The meaning of the isogloss’s invariant is modified and extended by names, collocations, and concepts widely manifested in Carpathian songs as well as in separate Southern Slavonic folklore traditions. Equally topical is the study of the isogloss’s structure (i.e. the topography of relevant elements and phenomena as well as their areal distribution and functioning) and of the prerequisites for the emergence of similar linguistic items and phenomena within different languages and cultures. This is owing either to their mutually independent convergent development, the preservation of the homogeneous historical heritage of the earlier periods, or to the interaction between languages and their dialects. The intensity and sources of these influences are often evidenced by the isogloss’s specific characteristics.As a result of the appearance of “beautiful” and “positive” as the meanings of *běl- and their occurrence in the Carpathian-Balkan area, the issue of the origin of these features within each language of this area becomes topical. An investigation of this issue will show whether they are secondary in relation to, and derivative from, the underlying meaning of colour, or maybe they derive from the archaic syncretic semantics of білий “shining = light = beautiful”.The unique, i.e. exclusive, structural elements of each Slavonic language are not only indicative of the specificity of their evolution but are also instrumental for comparative analysis aimed at establishing the degree of identity or similarity between languages and cultures. The feasibility of isoglosses / isopragms evidenced by folklore texts and ethnographic materials correlates with the exhaustiveness and comparability of basic data corpora of individual Slavonic dialectal continuums.

PL

Студія є ескізним розглядом окремих питань із широкої проблематики карпатобалканіки. За матеріалами словосполучення біла дівка та інших номінацій із компонентом *běl- у фольклорних текстах показано спеціалізацію семантики кольороназви; прокоментовано окремі лінії змін значень*běl- в українськокарпатському просторі, а також виявлені в болгарському, македонському і сербському мовно-культурних континуумах паралелі й відповідники цим процесам. Окреслено особливості лінгвальної й етнокультурної інформації, що містять фольклорні тексти, прийоми її використання в дослідженні діалектного континууму однієї мови та генетично споріднених мов.

3

Metodologie interaktivního mapového zpracování systematických gramatických struktur

85%

Stupňánek B.

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tom 12

269-279

EN

DiaMa, an upcoming dialect geoportal, will present a number of methodological innovations in the processing of dialectal grammar. In addition to the material from the Český jazykový atlas [Czech Linguistic Atlas], it will also use methods of systematic abstraction by extracting mainly phonological variables from morphological and lexical ones. As a result of breaking down the material into multiple atomic phenomena, it is possible to use geostatistical techniques of spatial data interpolation od a wide scale.These techniques model the isoglosses more exactly than a classic linguistic atlas map based on the same data. What is more, they also allow to enhance and refine systematic questionnaire data with a random set of “scattered data”, making maps of the same phenomena much more accurate. Consequently, the layout of the interpolated spatial database allows customized cross-sectional views of a multi-dimensional grammatical structure and advanced map visualisation of user-defined data sets.

PL

Připravovaný nářeční geoportál DiaMa představí řadu metodologických inovací při zpracování nářeční gramatiky. Mimo materiál z Českého jazykového atlasu využije i jeho metodu systematické abstrakce prostřednictvím extrakce zejména fonologických proměnných z proměnných morfologických a lexikálních. Díky tomuto rozkladu materiálu na více atomických jevů je možné široce využít geostatistickou techniku interpolace prostorových dat, která nejenže modeluje průběhy izoglos lépe na základě stejných dat, ale také umožňuje tato systematická dotazníková data rozšiřovat a zpřesňovat pomocí dat nesystematických, náhodně rozptýlených. Rozvržení interpolované prostorové databáze pak umožní volitelný řez mnoharozměrnou gramatickou strukturou a pokročilou mapovou vizualizaci uživatelsky definovaných datových sestav.

4

Severozápadní okraj středočeské nářeční oblasti (na materiálu korespondenčních anket ÚJČ)

80%

Bachmannová J.

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nr 2

83-94

EN

The article explores the results of dialect correspondence surveys from the beginning of the 1950s that were carried out in the central and northeastern Bohemian regions and confronts these results with newer data from the Czech Linguistic Atlas. It devotes attention to the analysis of the archaic language situation on the northwestern periphery of the central Bohemian dialectal region, traces the permeation of dialectal phenomena from the neighbouring regions and determines which of these may have led to the territorial delimitation of the Louny-Litoměřice peripheral zone.