Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Maritime transport - an environmental problem with ballast water : technical preventive measures

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Freda W. , Otremba Z.

Journal of KONES

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2012

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tom Vol. 19, No. 2

153-158

EN

The fast development of marine transport causes a lot of environmental concerns connected with possible accidents of ships transporting hazardous cargoes as well as oil pollution coming from an exploitation of engine rooms. Moreover, a significant problem is connected with a ballast water handling. The use of ballast water is necessary for the safe movement of large ships. Namely, in maritime transport a ship unloading causes a reduction in its draft - it is a cause of lower steering or even completely prevents the safe movement of the ship. Therefore, in place of the discharged freight the ballast water is collected (often just during the unloading). This water is pumped out from a ship at the site of re-loading. However, this implies the risk of transportation of living organisms over large distances, which (if at the point of discharge of ballast water will find suitable conditions) can become invasive species. Because of the risks involved in carriage of these organisms, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has developed rigorous standards for permissible amounts of organisms in the discharged ballast water. A number of methods of biological neutralization of ballast water, that meet the requirements of the IMO, have been developed. The topic of this paper is to review currently used methods of neutralization of ballast water. We consider clearing of ballast water from point of view of physics, especially by using electromagnetic radiation and ultrasonic waves.

2

New records of Cercopagis pengoi (Ostroumov 1891) in the southern Baltic

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Olszewska A.

Oceanologia

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2006

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tom No. 48 (2)

319-321

EN

New records of Cercopagis pengoi (Cladocera, Crustacea) are reported for the first time from the central and western part of the Polish zone of the Baltic Sea.

3

Feeding activity and diet composition of round goby (Neogobius melanostomus, Pallas 1814) in the coastal waters of SE Baltic Sea

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Skabeikis A. , Lesutienė J.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2015

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tom Vol. 44, No. 4

508--519

EN

Feeding activity and diet composition of round goby were investigated in the south-eastern Baltic Sea, the Lithuanian coastal waters during May-October 2012 in order to determine main feeding objects and seasonal periods when native fauna could be most affected by predation of this highly invasive species. In total, prey represented by 18 taxa was found in the gut contents of dissected fish. Feeding activity of round goby varied depending on the body size, sex and stage of the reproduction period. The gut contents of <50 mm specimens were dominated by zooplanktonic and meiobenthic organisms, whereas larger individuals (50- 99 mm) shifted to amphipods and mollusks. Individuals of the intermediate 100-200 mm length had a variable diet, changing depending on the season; in spring they mostly preyed on Macoma balthica, in summer − on polychaetes, while in autumn the contribution of Mytilus trossulus and fish considerably increased in their diet. Diet composition of individuals ≥200 mm was relatively constant in the course of the study with substantial preference to M. balthica. These findings imply that benthic fauna, particularly a newly settled generation of epibenthic mollusks in autumn is under strong predatory pressure of the round goby.

4

The story of one clam. Probably the oldest location of the Chinese pond mussel Sinanodonta woodiana (Lea, 1834) (Bivalvia, Unionidae) in Poland

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Urbańska M. , Łakomy A. , Andrzejewski W. , Mazurkiewicz J.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2012

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tom Vol. 41, No. 1

41-45

EN

The discovery of a shell of the Chinese pond mussel in 1998 and further confirmation of this species indicate that a reservoir with natural thermal conditions is the oldest species location in Poland. Growth increments of an archival shell do not fall within the ranges obtained by this species in Konin lakes. They are, however, close to population ranges from Hungary. In contrast to other specimens found, the analyzed shell has a very high H/L ratio and is thicker. The observed features might result from the founder effect or they might point to a considerable plasticity of the species.

5

The spread of alien species along the touristic routes of the Słowiński National Park

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Krzyżanowska A. , Tomczyk P. P. , Pruszkowska-Przybylska P. , Zielińska K. M.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Biologica et Oecologica

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2018

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tom 14

33-46

PL

Szlaki turystyczne mają wielkie znaczenie dla rozprzestrzeniania się obcych gatunków na obszarach chronionych, takich jak parki narodowe. Celem badań była ocena rozprzestrzeniania się wybranych gatunków wzdłuż różnego rodzaju szlaków turystycznych przebiegających przez Słowiński Park Narodowy oraz dróg asfaltowych leżących w bezpośrednim sąsiedztwie Parku, w jego otulinie. Stwierdzono obecność 108 stanowisk ośmiu obcych gatunków: Padus serotina, Quercus rubra, Acer negundo, Robinia pseudoacacia spośród gatunków drzewiastych oraz Conyza canadensis, Impatiens parviflora, Juncus tenuis i Oxalis fontana spośród roślin zielnych). Stanowiska roślin drzewiastych odnotowano na obszarach, gdzie wcześniej były celowo sadzone oraz wzdłuż szlaków prowadzących do takich obszarów. Wszystkie analizowane rośliny drzewiaste mogą być źródłem zagrożenia ekologicznego i powinny być aktywnie usuwane. W przypadku roślin zielnych, gatunki, które zgodnie z literaturą nie stanowią zagrożenia dla nieprzekształconych zbiorowisk roślinnych – Juncus tenuis i Oxalis fontana – notowano dość powszechnie. Ich populacje powinny być monitorowane. Populacje Impatiens parviflora, gatunku zaklasyfikowanego do IV klasy inwazyjności oraz Conyza canadensis, który zgodnie z literaturą może rozprzestrzeniać się na wydmach, powinny zostać zniszczone jak najszybciej, dopóki zajmują małe obszary.

EN

Touristic routes have a great meaning for the spread of alien species through the protected areas like national parks. The aim of the study was to assess the spread of the chosen species along the different kinds of touristic routes of the Słowiński National Park and asphalt roads lying in the direct vicinity of the Park, in its protective zone. The presence of 108 localities of eight alien species were recorded (Padus serotina, Quercus rubra, Acer negundo, Robinia pseudoacacia from woody species and Conyza canadensis, Impatiens parviflora, Juncus tenuis and Oxalis fontana from herbaceous plants). The localities of the woody plants were found in areas where they were formerly deliberately planted or near routes leading to such areas. All of the analysed woody plants can be the source of ecological threat and should be actively removed. Interestingly, regarding herbaceous plants, the species which according to literature are not a threat to untransformed habitats – Juncus tenuis and Oxalis fontana – were noted quite commonly. Their populations should be monitored. The populations of Impatiens parviflora, classified to the IV class of invasiveness and Conyza canadensis, which can invade sand dunes, should be destroyed as soon as possible till they occupy small areas.

6

New data on the non-indigenous cladoceran Cercopagis pengoi (Ostroumov 1891) in the Gulf of Gdańsk (Baltic Sea) [commun.]

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Bielecka L. , Mudrak S.

Oceanologia

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2010

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tom No. 52 (1)

147-151

7

Spatial distribution and population characteristics of the invasive cladoceran Cercopagis pengoi in the Polish coastal zone seven years after the first record

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Bielecka L. , Krajewska-Sołtys A. , Mudrak-Cegiołka S.

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tom Vol. 43, No. 3

201--210

EN

The presented results provide the first comprehensive description of the C. pengoi population and document new records of its expansion to the west in the Polish coastal zone of the Baltic Sea. In June–August 2006, C. pengoi was observed for the first time continuously for nine successive weeks in a broad range of the water temperature and salinity. Its abundance fluctuated from some to several hundred specimens per cubic meter. In July the species was much more abundant in the water far from the coast, whereas in August its maximum density was observed at the most shallow station. The population of C. pengoi occupied the whole water column, from the surface water to 80 m depth, its vertical distribution was not uniform. C. pengoi was represented by specimens from all age-specific morphological stages (BS I–III). The largest part of the population (up to 81.53%) was composed of juvenile specimens (BS I and II). Parthenogenetic females in the second instar constituted the majority of BS II specimens.

8

How quickly do invasive raccoons learn to steal bait? : lesson from disturbed small mammal trapping

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Piórkowska K. , Jankowiak Ł. , Modelska Z. , Hoffmann A. , Kuzdrowska K. , Malinowska B. , Sęk O. , Rychlik L.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2023

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tom Vol. 71, nr 2-3

95--99

EN

The expansion of invasive alien species is a major threat to the environment and economy. Animal invasions, especially by raccoons Procyon lotor are increasingly harmful. Raccoons' reduced neophobia enables easy adaptation to humans and surroundings. They exploit human presence in their natural habitat. Camera traps and direct observations in Germany's Lower Oder Valley National Park and Poland's Lower Oder Valley Landscape Park revealed raccoons' cognitive abilities and effective learning processes. This study demonstrates their rapid learning in finding and opening traps, removing bait, killing and eating trapped rodents. To minimize disturbance by raccoons, we recommend to preselect study plots without raccoons or to use of protective devices.

9

First report of the earthworm Pontoscolex corethrurus (Müller, 1857) from Punjab, India

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Singh S. , Singh J. , Sharma A. , Pal Vig A. , Shakoor A.

International Letters of Natural Sciences

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2018

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tom 68

EN

The earthworm Pontoscolex corethrurus (Müller, 1857) is reported for the first time from Punjab, India. This species was first described by German naturalist Fritz Müller in 1857 from Santa Catarina state of Brazil. It is commonly found in gardens, cropland and fallow lands. It tolerates wide range of climatic and edaphic factors due to its endogeic ecological category. P. corethrurus has high efficiency for organic matter assimilation and has ability to live in new habitat due to which it can survive even in very poor soil. The life cycle of this species is well documented and this species has economic importance due to its use in waste management.

10

The Influence of the Zebra Mussel (Dreisena Polymorhpa) on Magnesium and Calcium Concentration in Water

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Wojtal-Frankiewicz A. , Frankiewicz P.

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tom 6

81-101

EN

In this study we examined changes in magnesium and calcium ion concentrations depending on Zebra Mussel biomass, pH values and temperature. We performed field experiments in years with different weather conditions using twelve 200 litre polycarbonate containers filled with 150 litres of non-filtered water from lowland, eutrophic reservoirs. Three treatments of the experiment were represented by: Phyto control with non-filtered water, Phyto+Dreis A with Zebra Mussel biomass of 500 g/m2, and Phyto+Dreis B with Zebra Mussel biomass of 1.000 g/m2. Magnesium and calcium ions concentrations were analyzed on an ion chromatograph (Dionex-1000). Results indicated a significant reduction in magnesium and calcium ion concentrations by Zebra Mussels (independent of mussel biomass), especially in the year with higher and more stable average temperatures. Mg concentration was significantly negatively correlated with temperature in this year. In both years of study the magnesium and calcium ion concentrations were negatively correlated with pH. Analyses of the Zebra Mussel’s impact on magnesium and calcium loss from water, linked with the influence of physical factors (temperature and pH), may be valuable for the management of invaded ecosystems.

11

Identifying and ascribing the relative significance of introduction pathways for non-native plants into Iceland

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Wasowicz P.

Environmental & Socio-economic Studies

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2014

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tom 2

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nr 4

28-37

EN

The study is aimed at identifying pathways frequently used by non-native plant species, assessing their relative significance and development in time. Pathways were defined following NOBANIS framework (Madsen et al., 2014). Species assessments were based on HARMONIA scheme (Branquart, 2007). Four categories of environmental hazards were assessed plus two additional categories summarizing impacts on health and economy. Temporal development of pathways was assessed using cumulative per annum taxa records. To quantify the activity of investigated pathways over time an index (δ10) showing the number of new species introduced during the period of 10 years was calculated. The study shows that horticulture, landscaping and agriculture can be pointed out as pathways of concern in Iceland. A set of species of concern is also proposed. Two plant taxa are included in A list (high risk species): Anthriscus sylvestis and Lupinus nootkatensis. Three taxa are placed in B list (watch list): Heracleum mantegazzianum, Heracleum persicum and Pinus contorta. Results of the present study are compared with similar studies carried out in Denmark, Scandinavia and Baltic countries. Different measures to prevent introductions of new and potentially dangerous non-native species are also discussed including selection of good practices that may significantly reduce the threat from non-native species used in agriculture and horticulture.

12

The Analysis of the Forest Flora of the Strzyżowskie Foothills from the Perspective of Presence of Anthropogenic Species

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Towpasz K. , Stachurska-Swakoń A.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Biologica et Oecologica

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2011

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tom 7

99-110

EN

The anthropogenic pressure of the forest communities of the Strzyżowskie Foothills (the Western Carpathians) was estimated on the basis of phytosociological materials. Carr communities are among the most threatened by invasive and alien species of the forest flora. The phenomenon of invasiveness of native species such as Calamagrostis epigejos or Carex brizoides was described. The highest number of ancient woodland indicator species was noted in the beech forest.

13

Tolerance of Paramysis lacustris and Limnomysis benedeni (Crustacea, Mysida) to sudden salinity changes: implications for ballast water treatment

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Ovčarenko I. , Audzijonyte A. , Gasiunaite Z. R.

Oceanologia

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2006

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tom No. 48 (S)

231-242

EN

In order to draw implications for ballast water management, we tested the tolerance of two Ponto-Caspian mysid species Paramysis lacustris and Limnomysis benedeni to sudden salinity changes. The naturally stenohaline P. lacustris was more susceptible to higher salinities; its mortality rate at 19 PSU was 60%, whereas exposure to 23 PSU was 100% lethal. The euryhaline L. benedeni survived in salinities of up to 19 PSU, but experienced 100% mortality at 34 PSU. The return of both mysid species to fresh water after the 24 h exposure to higher salinities did not prevent further mortality. Considering the rather high short-term salinity tolerance of both species, a salinity of at least 30 PSU should be used as an appropriate biocide.

14

The impact of amur sleeper (Perccottus glenii Dybowsky, 1877) on the riverine ecosystem : food selectivity of amur sleeper in a recently colonized river

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Rau M. A. , Plavan G. , Strungaru S. A. , Nicoara M. , Rodriguez-Lozano P. , Mihu-Pintilie A. , Ureche D. , Klimaszyk P.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2017

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tom Vol. 46, No. 1

96--107

EN

The presented study aimed at comprehensive assessment of the Perccottus glenii (Amur sleeper) impact on the aquatic ecosystem. Our objective was to analyze the diet, the characteristics of the prey and the feeding behavior of the Amur sleeper. Fish (349 individuals) were captured by electrofishing in autumn 2012. To estimate the dietary importance of each prey category, we calculated the percentage or proportion of each food item and its frequency of occurrence. The Costello graphical method was applied to describe the feeding strategy and prey importance. A total number of 55 taxa of benthic macroinvertebrates were identified, amounting to a total of 2448 individuals. The digestive tract was empty in 48 individuals of the Amur sleeper. The most frequent prey items of the Amur sleeper were Asellus aquaticus L, Baetis spp., the Chironomidae family which was represented by 22 taxa identified to the genus and species levels, Corixa spp. and Physa acuta Drap. Depending on the frequency of prey items, two categories of size classes with specific diet compositions in the Amur sleeper populations were determined. Feeding strategy, cluster indicators of the size classes and traits of macroinvertebrates were the main aspects covered by our study of the Amur sleeper feeding behavior.

15

The zooplankton community of Baltic Sea ports: diversity and seasonal dynamics

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Witalis B. , Iglikowska A. , Ronowicz M. , Weydmann-Zwolicka A. , Kukliński P.

Oceanologia

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2024

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tom No. 66 (2)

353--364

EN

In this study, we investigated zooplankton composition and seasonal dynamics, as well as the influence of selected environmental factors on the zooplankton community in three ports on the Polish Baltic coast: Władysławowo, Gdynia and Gdańsk. Our aim was to determine whether harbours’ heavy traffic, chemical pollution and physical disturbances affect the zooplankton community, and whether new nonindigenous planktonic species occur in these habitats. Forty three zooplankton taxa were found in all three ports; however, it is important to note that no new nonindigenous species were observed in the port basins. The most influential environmental factors affecting the zooplankton community were: seawater temperature (17% of explained zooplankton variability) and transparency (4%), which were related to seasonal changes. Acartia spp. (although of different development stages) was the dominant taxon during the study, and the examined ports/seasons differed in the presence and proportions of less abundant taxa: the autumn and winter assemblages were dominated by Acartia spp. nauplii, the spring assemblage by numerous Polychaeta larvae, while Cirripedia nauplii and early development stages of Eurytemora affinis were particularly abundant in summer. In addition, changes in salinity (2% explained variability) had a particular impact on the zooplankton community and especially on the assemblage of Gdańsk Port, which was influenced by freshwater inflow from the Motława and Dead Vistula rivers. Our study has clearly shown that, despite severe physical and chemical disturbances in all studied ports, the composition and seasonal dynamics of the zooplankton community were similar to those of the Gulf of Gdańsk outside the ports.

16

Occurrence of alien species in the agriculture landscape: a case of Proszowice Plateau (Southern Poland)

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Towpasz K. , Stachurska-Swakoń A.

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Naturae

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2018

EN

Synanthropisation of vegetation is today a serious problem both due to its impact on plant and animal diversity, as well as its significance through the impact on the global and local economy in the direct and indirect direction. Understanding the mechanisms of new arrivals is one of the important aspects of many types of research. The presented paper concerns the analysis of selected features of kenophytes occurring on the Proszowice Plateau (Southern Poland). On the basis of long-term floristic studies, a list of kenophytes was selected. The list was subject to a detailed analysis of the frequency, origin, ecological numbers, life forms, and life strategies. The results indicate that perennial species with a CR life strategy have the greatest chance of expansion in the agricultural area, although the annual species with the C strategy predominate.

17

Genetic and epigenetic variation in a cosmopolitan grass Poa annua from Antarctic and Polish populations

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Chwedorzewska K. J. , Bednarek P. B.

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nr 1

18

Relationships between the occurrence of Chaetogammarus ischnus (Stebbing, 1898) and Pontogammarus robustoides (G. O. Sars, 1894) (Crustacea, Amphipoda) in a lowland Polish dam reservoir

88%

Żytkowicz J. , Kobak J.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2008

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tom Vol. 37, No.2

39-50

EN

Populations of Chaetogammarus ischnus and Pontogammarus robustoides living in the middle part of the Włocławek Dam Reservoir (on the lower Vistula River, central Poland) were studied. The two species coexisted at offshore sites of the reservoir, with P. robustoides being much more abundant than C. ischnus. In samples collected from the bare bottom of the reservoir (sandy or covered by zebra mussel shells) and macrophytes a negative relationship between the two species was observed: C. ischnus occurred in high numbers in those samples in which abundance of P. robustoides was low. This phenomenon is postulated as resulting from the larger size and more predatory nature of P. obustoides, limiting the occurrence of C. ischnus.

19

Population dynamics and feeding ecology of the western tubenose goby (Proterorhinus semilunaris) in the Stugna River, Dnieper River basin, Ukraine

88%

Didenko A. , Volikov Y. , Gurbyk A. , Kruzhylina S. , Buzevych I. , Bekh V.

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2024

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tom Vol. 53, No. 1

61--70

EN

The study investigated the inter-annual and seasonal population dynamics, as well as the feeding habits of the western tubenose goby Proterorhinus semilunaris in an invaded river close to its natural range (Dnieper River basin). Material was collected monthly in 2015–2016 and 2018 at one sampling site located in the Stugna River, at a distance of 1100 m from the point where it enters the Kaniv reservoir. Catch-per-unit-efforts (CPUE) of this species at the sampling site varied considerably, both between different months within a given year and between the analyzed years, from 1.1 to 127.1 fish 100 m-2. Peak abundances were observed in July in both 2015 and 2018, and then dropped sharply in the following months. The western tubenose goby is characterized by a protracted spawning season, lasting from April to July. A total of 50 prey taxa were recorded in the diet of the western tubenose goby at the sampling site, among which chironomids were the most abundant and most frequently encountered, followed by cladocerans. This gobiid at the sampling site preyed mainly among submerged vegetation, where phytophilous chironomids were the most important prey.

20

Life in sympatry : coexistence of native Eurytemora affinis and invasive Eurytemora carolleeae in the Gulf of Finland (Baltic Sea)

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Sukhikh N. , Souissi A. , Souissi S. , Holl A.-C. , Schizas N. V. , Alekseev V.

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tom No. 61 (2)

227--238

EN

The invasion of exotic species into native ecosystems is becoming a crucial issue in global biology. Over the last ten years, at least 45 invasions of aquatic species have been reported in the eastern part of the Gulf of Finland; the majority of them were introduced through ballast water. Recently, invasion of the estuarine calanoid copepod Eurytemora carolleeae (Temoridae), originating from North America, has been reported in several European estuaries and particularly in the Gulf of Finland. This species is morphologically very similar to the native Eurytemora affinis, but it is easily discriminated by molecular markers. In this study, we monitored the distribution area of the invasive copepod species in European waters, as well as the population structure of (native) E. affinis and (invasive) E. carolleeae, from 2006 to 2018 in the Gulf of Finland. The population density of E. affinis was significantly higher, compared to E. carolleeae, during most of the study period. The only exception was Neva Bay in 2010, wherein the invasive species dominated possibly due to high temperatures and differences in the levels of fish predation. The reproductive performance of E. carolleeae was also higher than that of E. affinis. These results show different population dynamics between the two species. It was revealed that invasive E. carolleeae develops in some of the very same habitats as native E. affinis, thereby potentially becoming a significant component of the zooplankton in the studied area. Moreover, invader has the potential to displace native E. affinis.