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How did Bythinella reach its present distribution in Central Europe?

100%

Mazan K.

Folia Malacologica

1999

tom 07

nr 4

Intrapopulation variation of egg size in the White Stork [Ciconia ciconia] in Southern Poland

100%

Profus P. , Tryjanowski P. , Tworek S. , Zduniak P.

Polish Journal of Ecology

2004

tom 52

nr 1

White Stork (Ciconia ciconia) eggs were studied in Upper Silesia, Southern Poland. The measurements of eggs – their length, breadth, volume and elongation index were collected for 95 nests in years 1974–2002, and repeatability of these measurements was computed. Mean clutch size was 4.05 ± 0.82. Mean egg measurements were: 72.10 ± 2.18 mm, 52.19 ± 1.47 mm, 100.49 ± 6.92 cm³ and 1.38 ± 0.05, for length, breadth, volume and elongation index, respectively. Coefficients of variation for clutch means ranged from 1.68 (breadth) to 4.37 (volume). Mean repeatability estimates were 0.53, 0.68, 0.63, 0.58 for length, breadth, volume and elongation index, respectively. The results obtained suggest that one should expect relatively low or intermediate heritability of egg dimensions in population studied.

Inter - and intrapopulation variation of leaf morphological traits in natural stands of Buxus hyrcana [Pojark.] in Caspian Forests [Iran]

84%

Yosefzadeh H. , Tabari M. , Espahbodi K. , Jalali G. A. , Bussotti F. , Abdi E.

Polish Journal of Ecology

2009

tom 57

nr 2

291-301

The leaf morphology of Buxus hyrcana (Pojark.), shade-tolerant and evergreen species growing in understorey of Caspian Forest was studied in five natural Iranian populations in order to recognize the pattern of within- and among-population variation of selected leaf morphological traits. Fifteen traits were selected and measured or calculated – list in Appendix. Leaves were collected from different geographical (between 36°13′N and 53°15′E) populations of B. hyrcana growing in the Caspian Forests located in Mazandaran Province (northern Iran) in the similar vegetation and site conditions but on different altitudes. Ten mature trees from five relatively small areas (0.5–1 ha) were selected in June. Then ANOVA model was used with both crossed and nested effects. The results showed that variation among the populations was significant in 13 of 15 traits (P <0.05); variation among the trees in the population was significant in 14 of 15 traits (P <0.05). Among all characters measured, the greatest plasticity was found for weight, leaf area mass and specific leaf mass. Function 1 explained 30% of the total variance and Function 2 represented another 17% of the total variance. PCA analysis showed that the most important role in function 1 allocated to width of lamina and leaf figure ratio (length of lamina/width of lamina) and in function 2 to top of leaf figure (width of lamina in 0.1 its length/width of lamina). The results of the average linkage clustering method evidenced four distinct clusters. Generally, morphological traits of leaves of B. hyrcana showed low variation among the considered populations based on clustering analysis, although some trees inside the population showed significantly different values in comparison with other trees.

Intrapopulational differentiation of the Scots pine Pinus sylvestris L. population from Tuchola Forests expressed in anatomical traits of needles

84%

Urbaniak L. , Faferek S.

Seria Biologiczna. Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu

2004

tom 69