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The Legal Status of “Migrants” according to the European Union Legislation

100%

Dură N. V.

Ecumeny and Law

2021

tom 9

nr 2

105-123

Given that “migration” is a global phenomenon, the international community as a whole had to provide it with a legal basis and to find global solutions, as proven à l’évidence by both the international and the European legislation and the “Global Compact for Migration” approved by the European Council. As is well known, the European Union legislation consists of the texts of its official instruments, such as conventions, treaties, declarations, etc., in which we also find, in fact, the principles stated in the international instruments, which have, indeed, the force of jus cogens for all the states of the world, concerning the universal human rights, including, thus, the rights of the migrants. However, even in terms of their policy regarding migrants, the member states of the European Union have not only applied the principles stated in these international instruments, but they also have enacted a special legislation, and they have taken concrete measures for the implementation of its rules. In the present article I offer the reader the possibility to become acquainted not only with the text of the legislation of the European Union regarding migrants, but also with the policy and the actions taken by the European states for the implementation of the international legislation, and of the European one regarding the social rights of the migrants as workers.

Unece convention on long-range transboundary air pollution – 40 years of action for cleaner air

63%

Lisowska-Mieszkowska E.

Ekonomia i Środowisko

2020

tom nr 1

170--181

November 2019 marked the 40th anniversary of the adoption in Geneva of the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution, which aims primarily to reduce the damage to human health and the environment caused by air pollution. Over the years, the Convention has been extended by eight protocols that identify measures to control emissions of basic air pollutants. The efforts undertaken under the Convention have been instrumental in bolstering international cooperation to limit the pollution with sulphur and nitrogen oxides as well as to reduce emissions of other pollutants. The European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP) has been developed complete with modelling and forecasting air pollution levels and pollutant fluxes. Robust information has been gathered in the EMEP databases. However, much remains to be done, and air pollution is still a challenge in the UN ECE region.

W 2019 r. minęło 40 lat od momentu podpisania w Genewie Konwencji w sprawie transgranicznego zanieczyszczania powietrza na dalekie odległości, której podstawowym celem jest ochrona środowiska i człowieka przed skutkami zanieczyszczenia powietrza. W ciągu tych lat do tekstu konwencji przyjęto 8 protokołów dotyczących kontroli emisji podstawowych zanieczyszczeń powietrza. Dzięki działaniom prowadzonym w ramach konwencji udało się rozwinąć współpracę międzynarodową, która przyczyniła się do zmniejszenia zanieczyszczenia powietrza tlenkami siarki i azotu, a także ograniczenia emisji innych zanieczyszczeń. Rozwinięto program badawczy EMEP, modelowanie i prognozowanie stanu powietrza i przepływów zanieczyszczeń, zgromadzono ogromne ilości informacji w bazach danych. Nadal jednak pozostaje dużo do zrobienia a zanieczyszczenie powietrza jest w poważnym problemem w regionie EKG ONZ.

Protection of the river valleys landscape in the light of the European Union legislation concerning nature and international ecological conventions

63%

Zarska B.

Annals of Warsaw Agricultural University. Horticulture

1999

tom 20