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Interactive effects of nitrogen and water addition on competitive hierarchies between early- and late- successional plant species

100%

Jiang L. , Lan Z. , Liu G. , Kardol P.

nr 4

Increased nitrogen (N) and water availability, resulting from global changes or ecosystem management, were predicted to promote plant productivity and change community composition through shifts in competition hierarchies. So far, however, it still remains unclear how competitive interactions respond to N and water additions, which will be important to understand how plant community composition changes. To test plant competition ability in different successional stages under N and water addition treatments, a pot experiment under field conditions was performed. Six dominant plant species, three early-successional species, Artemisia lavandulaefolia, Artemisia capillaris, and Pennisetum centrasiaticum versus three late-successional species, Stipa krylovii, Leymus chinensis, and Artemisia frigida, were grown in monocultures and in two-species mixtures under factorial combinations of N and water addition treatments. We found that (1) there were interactive effects of N addition, water addition and interspecific competition on plant biomass; (2) For a given species, competitive abilities were correlated with biomass difference of neighboring species; (3) N and water additions interactively increased competition intensity and shifted species competitive hierarchies; (4) Late- successional species had stronger competitive abilities in the N addition treatment, whereas early-successional species had stronger competitive abilities after water addition or N + water addition. Our results show that N and water additions increased the intensity and impact of interspecific competition on plant growth, which has great implications for community structures. Since interspecific differences in competitive abilities were not well explained by species biomass, species identity, such as plant functional traits, should be included to predict the impact of increased N and water availability on plant communities and ecosystem functions.

Lead tolerance and the interactive effects of lead and IAA on direct root regeneration in the sunflower

100%

Strubinska J. , Sniezko R.

Cellular and Molecular Biology Letters

2002

tom 07

nr Suppl.

Interactive effects of ethyl [2E,4Z]-2,4-decadienoate and sex pheromone lures to codling moth: apple orchard investigations in Bulgaria

84%

Kutinkova H. , Subchev M. , Light D. , Lingren B.

Journal of Plant Protection Research

2005

tom 45

nr 1

49-52

The trials conducted with selected chemical and biological insecticides in 1998-2000 showed the highest effectiveness of Karate Zeon 100 CS (lambda-cyhalotrine) in European corn borer (ECB) larvae control in sweet corn. The efficacy of biological insecticides containing Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. kurstaki: Biobit 3.2 WP and Lepinox WDG was very variable between the years. Reasons for insufficient efficacy of these products are discussed. The most appropriate time for the application of a chemical insecticide against ECB larvae are plant developmental stages since the beginning of pollen shedding to full blooming (63–67 BBCH scale). The efficacy of treatment was the highest at that time.

Spośród testowanych w latach 1998–2000 chemicznych i biologicznych insektycydów najwyższą skuteczność w zwalczaniu larw omacnicy prosowianki na kukurydzy cukrowej wykazał preparat Karate Zeon 100 CS (lambda-cyhalotryna). Skuteczność preparatów biologicznych opartych na Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. kurstaki tj. Biobit 3,2 WP i Lepinox WDG była bardzo zmienna w poszczególnych latach. Wynikało to prawdopodobnie z wrażliwości tych preparatów na niekorzystne warunki pogody. Najwłaściwszym terminem dla wykonania zabiegu chemicznego przeciwko larwom omacnicy prosowianki okazał się przedział czasowy pomiędzy początkiem pyleniakukurydzy apełnią kwitnienia(stadiarozwojowe kukurydzy 63–67 w skali BBCH).