Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Benjamin Libet's experiment and its critique between 2000-2012

100%

Strzyżyński P.

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tom 10

83-102

PL

The article describes the results of Libet’s experiment and its resulting critique, as witnessed by the articles published between 2000 and 2012. As a result of his experiments, Libet concluded that conscious intentions of making a movement are preceded by brain activity registered as the readiness potentials (RP). In this interpretation, free will does not initiate the decision of making a move but is however capable of stopping this process. For this reason, Libet does not conclude that will is determined by biological processes. The resulting discussion in the literature concerns mainly methodology and conclusions drawn by Libet. The methodological points raised include an argument against the use of EEG as an accurate research tool and criticism of the method of timing the occurrence of the conscious intention of making a move. We note that subsequent modifications made to the original experiment, did however allow putting some of the methodological doubts to rest. On the other hand, the critique of Libet’s conclusions focuses on the problematic nature of correlation of physical movements with the readiness potentials. The most recent research also shows that the potentials might have a more complicated origin than previously thought. Libet’s interpretation is also criticised for its vagueness in defining intention and for not distinguishing it from wishes and desires. The last part of our article summarises the latest state of affairs as emerging from the analysis. We point out the difficulties in correlating potentials with movement, their interpretation and difficulties with the notion of veto, since it seems to require that contradictory intentions of making and refraining from a movement are present simultaneously. The article concludes that on the basis of the current research, the thesis about a biological determination of voluntary processes lacks a sound justification.

2

The Role of Pluriactivity for Continuity and Survival in Family Farm Firms

100%

Niemelä T. , Häkkinen R.

Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation

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2014

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tom 10

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nr 4

7-44

EN

Our study focuses on family farm firms as an important and yet under-researched type of family firms. We explore the entrepreneurial growth behavior in the context of family farm firms by focusing on the role of pluriactivity. By integrating the literature of family business strategies, EO, and growth intentions, this study of 1618 Finnish family farms seeks to understand the idea of pluriactivity as a strategic orientation of family farm firms leading towards the growth and renewal of their prevailing and future domains. Our study revealed that pluriactivity is associated with growth-orientation and perceived strengths of the family farm firms. We identified four types of growth groups (Established, Growth-Driven, Experimenters, Stand-Stills) and found differences in their pluriactive orientation. We suggest that pluriactivity as a strategic orientation affects the growth-intention of the family entrepreneurs and the business renewal processes of the family farm firms. Entrepreneurs need to have capabilities (knowledge, skills, experience) and willingness to change (motivation, attitude, volition) when using pluriactivity as a strategic orientation as they affect growth behavior (EO). Lastly, we discuss with our results and make some suggestions for future research avenues in family business strategy research.

3

Exploring the Effects of Service Quality, Shipping Cost, Brand and Attitude on Consumer’s Intention to Choose Express Courier Services in E-Commerce

100%

Muljono W. , Setiyawati S.

Journal of Marketing and Consumer Behaviour in Emerging Markets

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2019

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nr 1(9)

42-57

EN

The growth of e-commerce has highlighted the importance of express courier service (ECS). We empirically study consumer’s choice of ECS in purchasing goods online. This research aims to examine the effect of service quality (SQ), shipping cost, brand, and attitude towards customers’ intention to choose ECS on e-commerce. This research was conducted using a quantitative approach among customers who intended their goods to be shipped using ECS. Data of 100 respondents were collected and then analyzed using the structural equation model technique. We find that there is no correlation between SQ and shipping cost and the attitude towards choosing a courier service. However, the analysis indicates that brand has an infl uence on the customer’s attitude towards choosing a courier service. Furthermore, the analysis suggests that the consumer’s attitude towards choosing a courier service acts as a mediator between SQ, shipping cost, and brand as regards the consumer’s intention to choose an ECS. It is worth noting that brand has a stronger infl uence on the consumer’s attitude compared to the former factors.

4

The Desire that Propels Entrepreneurial Intentions

84%

Riquelme H. E. , Al-Lanqawi A.

Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation

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2016

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tom 12

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nr 2

123-150

EN

The purpose of this paper is to integrate conceptual and empirical work on the prediction and explanation of entrepreneurial intentions. Specifically, it tests a model that accounts for the motivation of the entrepreneur, a salient factor commonly omitted in current theories of entrepreneurial intentions. We test the role of entrepreneurial desire (a distinct concept from desirability) as a determinant of two distinctive entrepreneurial intentions. This research corroborates recent findings that highlight the importance of identifying intentions to start a business with an orientation for growth as opposed to income substitution. Further, while the role of emotions has become an important factor in entrepreneurship, anticipated emotions have received very little attention in the prevailing literature. Using a sample from Kuwait, this paper finds that desire is a stronger predictor of growth-oriented intentions than income-substitution intentions. Also, entrepreneurial desire partially mediates the effects between attitude,

5

Ольфакционный код прочтения чувственных состояний в Письмовнике Михаила Шишкина

84%

Szewczenko L.

Slavica Wratislaviensia

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2015

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tom 161

95 - 108

EN

Olfaction is the science about the language of scents, of the meanings conveyed through scents, and the role of scents in communication. The use of olfaction code in reading M. Shishkin’s Letter Book explains anew its meaning and helps to comprehend more deeply the dynamics of contradictory feelings of its heroes driven by the thirst for life, love, living suffering and the approaching of death.

6

Organizacja ucząca się – pomysł na konkurencyjność rynkową

51%

Jóźwiakowski P.

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2016

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nr 9

rb.ujw.pl/social

PL

Celem artykułu jest przybliżenie jednej z wielu metod współczesnego zarządzania, tj. „organizacji uczącej się”. W artykule przedstawione zostały główne warunki umożliwiające implementację opisywanej metody, jak również teorie najważniejszych autorów (Nonaka, Takeuchi, Senge, Drucker, Hamel, Prahalad, Perechuda) zajmujących się problematyką organizacyjnego uczenia się.

EN

The main objective of that report is to presented one of many present management methods which is the learning organization. The article describes the main enabling conditions for implementing the learning organization. There were presented theories by main authors (Nonaka, Takeuchi, Senge, Drucker, Hamel, Prahalad, Perechuda) who deal with the self-organization learning problems.

7

Modlitwa w życiu rodziny i społeczeństwa dawnej Polski. Na przykładzie wybranych tekstów literatury religijnej XVII i XVIII wieku

51%

Łukarska B.

Język - Szkoła - Religia

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2014

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tom 9

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nr 1

76-90

PL

Tekst przybliża ten wymiar religijności, który wiąże się bezpośrednio z życiem mieszkańców dawnej Polski. Kolejno zatem omawia następujące zagadnienia szczegółowe: 1. Tradycja i wzorce modlitwy chrześcijańskiej. 2. Definicje i znaczenie aktu modlitewnego w przekazie wybranych pism teologów siedemnastego stulecia w Polsce. 3. Różne formy modlitewnej aktywności i praktyk modlitewnych w życiu religijnym siedemnastego wieku w Polsce. 4. Przykłady rozumienia potrzeby i wartości modlitwy w życiu codziennym: osobistym, rodzinnym i społecznym w przekazie wybranych utworów literatury barokowej. 5. Najpowszechniejsze intencje modlitewne w zwyczajach naszych przodków

EN

The text takes on a dimension which relates directly to the life of inhabitants of the old Poland. It describes the following issues in detail: 1. Tradition and patterns of a Christian prayer 2. Definition and meaning of a devout act in the tradition of selected writings of theologians from the 17th century in Poland 3. Different forms of prayerful activity and practices in the religious life of the 17th century in Poland 4. An example of understanding the need and value of a prayer in the daily life: personal, family and social life in the tradition of selected pieces of baroque literature 5. The most popular prayer intentions in the customs of our ancestors.