Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Koncepcja społecznej odpowiedzialności przedsiębiorstw w ekonomii instytucjonalnej

100%

Lulewicz-Sas A.

Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie

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2013

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nr 907

59-71

EN

The concept of corporate social responsibility is not well established in economics. It has been analysed in equal measure from two perspectives – economics and management science. The theoretical foundations of the concept of CSR can be traced to the concept of institutional economics, particularly transaction cost theory. This article attempts to locate the concept of corporate social responsibility in the framework of institutional economics.

2

Property Rights as a Factor of Foreign Direct Investment. The Case of Poland

100%

Owczarczuk M.

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nr 2

97-116

EN

Clearly defined property rights enable people and business to make contracts over such property, and thus to engage in business – most business transactions concern the transfer of some sort of property, or rights to property. It seems that property rights have huge influence on foreign direct investment inflow, especially in the Polish economy. Therefore, the aim of this article is to verify the hypothesis that property rights are an important factor for foreign direct invest-ment flow. The object of the research is the Polish economy in the years 1994-2011. The first part of this paper shows the dynamics and structure of FDI inflows to the Polish economy in the years 1994-2011. Next two parts clarify the idea of property rights, their transformation, importance to the growth and foreign direct investment inflow. Verification of the hypothesis will be made on the basis of domestic and foreign literature.

3

Economic Development in Rwanda – Institutional Perspective

100%

Sharangabo D. , Szczepaniak M.

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nr 34

107-124

EN

Rwanda is particularly interesting example of the economic success from the perspective of institutional development. It significantly improved the conditions of doing business during the last decade and is one of the most free countries across Sub-Saharan Africa (Heritage Foundation, 2019). In the article main institutional reforms are analyzed and compared to the other East African Community member states. The main aim is to identify the factors (institutional reforms) that helped Rwandan economy to transform and develop quickly during the last decade. The article focuses on the role of Rwandan Development Board in creating the conditions encouraging the inflow of FDI. The institutional reform analyses is based mostly on Doing Business Reports.

4

System instytucjonalnej równowagi a proces zmian instytucjonalnych z perspektywy zrównoważonego rozwoju

100%

Sukiennik J. , Dokurno Z. , Fiedor B.

Ekonomista

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2017

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nr 2

121-143

PL

Narzędzia analityczne, którymi dysponują nauki społeczne, w tym ekonomia, są dobrze dopasowane do analizy statycznych sytuacji, lecz nie w pełni odzwierciedlają i nie pozwalają zrozumieć niektórych procesów zmieniającego się świata. Autorzy próbują wskazać narzędzia pozwalające analizować proces zmian instytucjonalnych. Artykuł zawiera przegląd najnowszych badań dotyczących znaczenia instytucji w procesach gospodarczych oraz omówienie koncepcji równowagi instytucjonalnej. Równowaga ta jest pojmowana jako harmonijne dopasowanie wzajemne instytucji formalnych i nieformalnych oraz stan, w którym żadna grupa społeczna lub zawodowa nie dąży do zmiany istniejącego porządku instytucjonalnego (lub nie jest w stanie go zmienić). W tym kontekście jednym z najważniejszych zadań państwa jest kreowanie takiego systemu instytucjonalnego, który będzie zapewniał długookresową równowagę, zgodną z zasadami zrównoważonego rozwoju.

EN

The paper aims at assessing inequality of distribution of pre-fiscal income in European countries and capturing the statistical link between the pre-fiscal and post-fiscal income inequality, namely identifying redistributive effect of social transfers and income tax. All EU member states, along with Iceland, Norway and Switzerland in 2004–2014, are covered by the study. Unit data required to calculate the Gini coefficient were obtained from the EU-Survey on Income and Living Conditions (empirical sample ranged from 116 714 households in 2004 to 226 701 households in 2014). Fixed effect panel data model reveals that the original income Gini coefficient is not statistically significant predictor of the taxbenefit redistributive impact, which is expressed in relative terms (on average, countries with the most unequal original income distribution do not have more redistributive fiscal systems). Besides, the key variable of interest, as a comprehensive measure of income inequality, which is not able to discriminate between different aspects of inequality, has no explanatory power while explaining social expenditure-to-GDP ratio. But the original income Gini coefficient within the first quintile, the second quintile and between those two quintiles (within-group and between-group income inequality) turned out to cause social expenditure to grow.

XX

Аналитические инструменты, которыми располагают общественные науки, в том числе экономика, хорошо приспособлены для анализа статичных ситуаций, но не вполне пригодны для отражения и понимания некоторых процессов меняющегося мира. Авторы статьи пишут об инструментах, позволяющих анализировать процесс институциональных изменений. Статья содержит обзор новейших исследований, касающихся значения институтов в экономических процессах, и анализ концепции институционального равновесия. Это равновесие понимается как гармоничное сосуществование формальных и неформальных институтов, а также состояние, в котором ни одна из социальных или профессиональных групп не стремится к изменению существующего институционального порядка (или не в состоянии его изменить). В этом контексте одним из важнейших задач государства является создание такой институциональной системы, которая будет обеспечивать долгосрочное равновесие, отвечающее принципам уравновешенного развития.

5

Institutional Life in Making: Methodological Reflections on the Use of Video Recordings in Qualitative Research

100%

Wilińska M.

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2020

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nr 2(128)

38-55

EN

Qualitative research is always about some form of intervention into the real world, however that intervention is always mediated by various material practices employed in the research process. This article engages with material practices accompanying research to discuss the ways in which they influence the research process, the observed and the observer. More specifically, this article attends to the use of video technology in qualitative research to reflect upon the material practices that not only make the world visible but also shed light on the research process through which such worlds become known. Reflections from research on institutions and institutional life are used to demonstrate points of interaction that transform the worlds of research and the worlds of everyday life.

6

INSTYTUCJE ŚRODOWISKA LOKALNEGO WSPIERAJĄCE DZIAŁANIA W ZAKRESIE WYBORU DROGI EDUKACYJNO-ZAWODOWEJ

100%

Klementowska A.

Problemy Profesjologii

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2013

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nr 1

73-88

PL

W obliczu aktualnej sytuacji na wciąż zmieniającym się rynku edukacyjno-zawodowym, niezwykle istotne wydają się działania podejmowane przez instytucje, których celem jest wsparcie zarówno młodzieży, jak i osób dorosłych w podejmowaniu decyzji dotyczącej dalszej drogi kształcenia, bądź też pracy zawodowej. Zakres podejmowanych w tym zakresie zadań powinien być dostosowany zarówno do wieku, jak i charakteru oraz nasilenia problemów o charakterze edukacyjnym i zawodowym. W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono wybrane instytucje, o doborze których decydowała ich dostępność dla społeczności lokalnej oraz wskazano specyfikę ich działalności w omawianym zakresie.

EN

Taking the current situation on the ever-changing educational and labour market, what seems crucial is activities undertaken by institutions which aim to support both young people and adults in making decisions concerning one’s further educational path or career. The scope of tasks, as pursued in this respect, should match the age, as well as the character and severity of educational and occupational problems. This article presents z number of institutions, which have been selected based on their accessibility for the local community, as well as the specific character of their operation with respect to the issue in question.

7

Elastyczność rynku pracy a charakter instytucji w krajach europejskich

100%

Gawrońska-Nowak B. , Skorupińska K.

Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics

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2006

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tom 206

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nr 3

23-40

EN

Labor market inflexibility has long been seen as an important factor with a negative influence on European labor markets. The article aims to present factors determining the flexibility of labor markets in OECD countries, with a special focus on “old” EU member states. The analysis covers both a traditional approach to labor market flexibility based on the relationship between real wages and productivity and an approach covering the institutional aspect of labor market flexibility. The first part of the study examines the growth of flexibility in real wages in relation to labor productivity. The authors make use of data applying to 22 OECD countries. Because economic integration took place in stages, the comparison of wage flexibility was made for two periods, 1970-1986 and 1987-2002. In the next part of the study, with the use of a composite labor market flexibility indicator-based on Strahl’s taxonomy-the authors present the diversification of labor market flexibility in EU countries. The eventual flexibility indicator is based on the following four institutional variables: part-time employment, trade union influence, tax system and compensation. The choice of variables for the labor market flexibility indicator was largely determined by limited access to data. Definitive annual figures for the variables in question were only available for the 1998-2003 period for 16 EU countries (EU-15 plus Poland). The study reveals that there is no significant relationship between real wages and labor productivity in most countries in Europe. However, wage flexibility in relation to labor productivity varies considerably from one country to another depending on the analyzed period. This applies to not only highly developed EU countries, but also the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland. The results of the taxonomy confirm the widespread opinion that Great Britain has the highest labor market flexibility indicator. Denmark, Finland, Belgium and Poland, on the other hand, were classified into a group of countries with the lowest flexibility. Labor market inflexibility in Denmark, Finland and Belgium is additionally confirmed by research conducted by Blanchard and Wolfers (2000) and Dicks and Papadavid (2002).

8

Globalne pozyskiwanie zasobów - zarys problemu

100%

Pakulska T. , Poniatowska-Jaksch M.

Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics

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2008

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tom 221

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nr 1-2

17-35

EN

The information technology revolution of the past decade and the progressive liberalization of the world’s economies have boosted the importance of global resourcing among enterprises. Many businesses have begun to reevaluate the role of individual resources and factors of production. Large transnational corporations are leading the way in this process. In international economic literature, global resourcing is usually defined in terms of outsourcing and offshoring. In Poland, no research has been made in this area so far. Pakulska and Poniatowska-Jaksch set out to identify the causes of global resourcing and limitations to the process. Their aim is to stimulate greater interest in these problems among Polish researchers. Global resourcing seems to be especially important in an era of intensifying institutionalism and growing challenges faced by enterprises. Nowadays businesses are expected to pay more attention to various social and environmental problems. This trend leads to new forms of global resourcing and is changing its intensity. The regional arrangement of “winners” and “losers” is changing in both micro- and macroeconomic terms. However, this process is difficult to measure due to a proliferation of international non-equity ties. Consequently, it is necessary to work out new methods to examine the socioeconomic implications of global resourcing, the authors say. Priorities include research into the geographic distribution of non-equity ties.

9

An Institutional Approach to Trade Union Density. The Case of Legal Origins and Political Ideology

100%

Lewkowicz J. , Lewczuk A.

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tom 2

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nr 49

EN

Which institutions may be important in terms of trade union density and how significant they are? Although the status of trade unions may be very different among states, unions are still a very meaningful component of labour markets. In this paper, we contribute to the debate about the institutions that may affect the outcome of trade unions in different legal systems. Firstly, we draw on the theoretical underpinnings of trade union activity and density. Then, we conduct an empirical analysis of the relationships between trade union density in a particular country, country’s legal origins and government’s ideology. In this way, the paper enriches an underexploited niche in institutional research devoted to labour market issues.

10

Euro Crisis and the EMU Institutional Reforms

100%

Kundera J.

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tom 8

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nr 1

7-31

EN

The main goal of this article is to find the answer for the question about the necessary reform to be undertaken in the EU to save the euro as a common cur-rency. The author envisages three scenarios of the euro area’s future development. In his opinion, the most probable one are the institutional reforms in the euro area. The essential element of the reform is to establish a proper mix between the ECB’ monetary policy and fiscal policies in the member states. All proposed steps against the euro crisis are mutually correlated: monetary integration requires stricter fiscal integration, fiscal integration requires banking union, but banking union is going to require some form of a political union. This way the debt crisis in the euro area may present an opportunity to renew the strength of the European institutions.

11

Wyłaniające się odmiany kapitalizmu w Europie Środkowo-Wschodniej: przegląd badań

100%

Rapacki R. , Gardawski J. , Czernak A. , Horbaczewska B. , Karbowski A. , Maszczyk P. , Próchniak M.

Ekonomista

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2018

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nr 5

523-553

PL

Artykuł zawiera przegląd najbardziej reprezentatywnych badań teoretycznych i empirycznych na temat wyłaniających się odmian/modeli kapitalizmu w krajach Europy Środkowo‑Wschodniej (EŚW). Krytycznej ocenie poddano standardowe ujęcia koncepcyjne, ich zastosowania i rozwinięcia, jak i występujące w literaturze przedmiotu ujęcia standardowe i niestandardowe. Wskazano też na cechy specyficzne struktury instytucjonalnej istniejącej w krajach EŚW, które utrudniają zastosowanie przyjętych w krajach rozwiniętego kapitalizmu ram teoretycznych. Nakreślono także możliwe kierunki dalszych badań nad kapitalizmem powstającym w Europie Środkowo-Wschodniej oraz sformułowano propozycje zmian i rozwinięć stosowanych dotąd ram teoretycznych i metodologicznych.

EN

The article contains a review of the most representative theoretical and empirical studies on the emerging varieties/models of capitalism in Central Eastern Europe (CEE). A critical appraisal was made of standard and non-standard approaches found in the subject literature. Specific features of the institutional structure existing in the CEE countries have been indicated which make it difficult to apply the theoretical framework used in the developed capitalist countries. Possible directions of further research on the models of capitalism emerging in CEE have also been delineated together with some proposals of modification and extension of the theoretical and methodological framework of this research.

RU

Статья содержит обзор наиболее репрезентативных теоретических и эмпирических исследований на тему появляющихся разновидностей /моделей капитализма в странах Центрально-Восточной Европы (ЦВЕ). Критическому анализу были подвергнуты стандартные подходы, их применение и работа над ними, а также имеющиеся в литературе предмета стандартные и нестандартные подходы. Было также указано на специфические черты институциональной структуры, существующей в странах ЦВЕ, которые затрудняют применение принятых в странах развитого капитализма теоретических рамок. Определены также возможные направления исследований капитализма, возникающего в Центрально-Восточной Европе, сформулированы предложения по изменению и развитию применяемых теоретических и методологических рамок.

12

Instytucjonalna ochrona tajemnic przedsiębiorstwa w wybranych krajach. Wnioski dla Unii Europejskiej

100%

Nowak O.

Ekonomia - Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny we Wroclawiu

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2013

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nr 4 (25)

103-119

EN

There are many assets that give companies strength, capabilities, potential, and business advantage over the competition. These assets must be adequately overseen, protected and maintained. One of the examples of such a critical organization resource is information that may have a form of so-called intellectual property. Intellectual property (intangible assets in the form of information) has become significantly important in relation to the processes of international trade development, technology transfers, and globalization. A lot of authors, including many recognized authorities in law, management and/or economics, recognize intangible assets as key resources of the enterprise, that enable achieving a sustainable competitive advantage (the company’s ability to offer more favorable terms and conditions of purchase to its customers, and consequently reap greater benefits than other market players). Hence the need for their adequate protection, especially taking into account multiple threats coming out of globalization of trade and international economic cooperation. Many activities in this area belong to the company itself. However; the legal framework of intellectual property protection that is properly designed can foster the promotion of innovation in industry, and conflict-free operation of international trade. Therefore, the main purpose of this article is to present the role of intangible assets in today’s economy and provide an overview of the major differences in protection and law enforcements provided by state institutions in selected countries. Wherein, the definition of intangible assets - due to width and depth of the research area - has been limited to confidential business information (often also referred to as trade secrets or business secrets). By trade secrets we generally mean undisclosed to the public technical, technological, commercial or organizational information, that an owner has taken the necessary action to maintain its confidentiality. In other words, they are confidential information of commercial or economic value, maintained by their covert nature, where the owner has taken appropriate measures to protect them, for example, by forcing confidential agreements or through restrictive terms of access to essential technical knowledge, such as know-how.

13

Rationality, Norms and Institutions: In Search of a Realistic Utopia

100%

Engelen B.

Human Affairs

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2007

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tom 17

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nr 1

33-41

EN

The main goal of political philosophers is to search for a realistic utopia by taking individuals as they are and institutions, rules and laws as they might be. Instead of trying to change either individuals or institutions in order to improve society, this article argues that both strategies should be combined, since there are causal connections running both ways. Because individuals ultimately devise and uphold institutions, one should be optimistic about the possibilities of deliberately improving society through institutional reforms. However, one should adequately model the influences that these reforms have on individuals, their identities and their motivations. From the fact that individuals can actually turn into egoists if they are treated as such, this article stresses the need to detect and maintain non-egoistic motivations. Since informal norms, for example, motivate individuals to socially desirable action, it is important to devise formal institutions that support rather than erode norm-guided behavior.

14

Institutional Environment in the Context of Development of Sustainable Society in the European Union Countries

100%

Zielenkiewicz M.

Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy

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2014

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tom 9

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nr 1

21-37

EN

For many countries the Industrial Revolution was an opportunity for a dynamic economic development, but it was accompanied by deep social changes. Inequalities between regions have deepened, pollution has increased and also conjunctural fluctuations have intensified. In contemporary view at the social welfare there is a tendency to abandon identifying it with the level of income. Also, the research on the causes of socio-economic success is developing. One of the aspects of the research, which the article refers to, is the role of the institutions (within the meaning of institutional economics) in the socio-economic development. The aim of the paper is to examine the relationship between indicators of institutional environment and indices related to socio-economic development. For the analysis of the institutional environment the indices published by the World Bank under the name of Worldwide Governance Indicators were used. The analysis of socio-economic level of the countries is based on Sustainable Society Index and its components, which include a wide range of factors related to well-being. The analysis was conducted in two stages. The first stage is a general study of the correlation between WGI and SSI for 151 countries from different continents. The second stage includes a more detailed analysis conducted for the European Union, using the cluster method and the analysis of the level of indicators in groups of countries. The study is based on the data from 2010.

15

Institution-independent Ultraproducts

100%

Diaconescu R.

|

2003

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tom Vol. 55, nr 3,4

321-348

EN

We generalise the ultraproducts method from conventional model theory to an institution-independent (i.e. independent of the details of the actual logic formalised as an institution) framework based on a novel very general treatment of the semantics of some important concepts in logic, such as quantification, logical connectives, and ground atomic sentences. Unlike previous abstract model theoretic approaches to ultraproducts based on category theory, our work makes essential use of concepts central to institution theory, such as signature morphisms and model reducts. The institution-independent fundamental theorem on ultraproducts is presented in a modular manner, different combinations of its various parts giving different results in different logics or institutions. We present applications to institution-independent compactness, axiomatizability, and higher order sentences, and illustrate our concepts and results with examples from four different algebraic specification logics. In the introduction we also discuss the relevance of our institution-independent approach to the model theory of algebraic specification and computing science, but also to classical and abstract model theory.

16

The Emerging Models of Capitalism in CEE Countrie – a Tentative Comparison with Western Europe

100%

Próchniak M. , Rapacki R. , Gardawski J. , Czerniak A. , Horbaczewska B. , Karbowski A. , Maszczyk P. , Towalski R.

Warsaw Forum of Economic Sociology

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2016

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tom 7

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nr 14

7-70

EN

In this paper, we conduct a comparative analysis of the models of capitalism prevailing in the CEE11 countries. Our overriding aim is to find out how similar or dissimilar are these countries to each of the four models of European capitalism singled out by Amable. We compare 11 sample countries (Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia) with their peers representing the Anglo-Saxon model (UK), the Continental European model (Germany), Scandinavian model (Sweden), and Mediterranean model (Italy or Spain). Our comparison focuses on six institutional areas: product market competition, labor market and industrial relations, financial system, social protection, knowledge sector, and the housing market, thus extending the original approach adopted by Amable (adding the housing market). We apply our own original methodology based on hexagons. We compare each of the six domains in the CEE11 countries with the reference Western economies using six indicators that best identify the institutional characteristics of a given domain (three indicators represent input variables or the institutional architecture, and three others - output variables or performance of an institutional area). We calculate the ranks of similarity of each indicator for a CEE country to the same indicator for the reference economies. The results of our study show that the CEE11 countries overall (and Poland in particular) exhibit the greatest resemblance to the Mediterranean model of capitalism, while they are the most dissimilar to the Scandinavian model. However, their similarity to the Mediterranean model is strongly determined by output variables or economic performance - in terms of institutional architecture or input variables alone the CEE11 countries are most akin to the Continental European model of capitalism.

17

External Factors Infl uencing Interorganizational Collaboration: The Strategic Perspective

100%

Golonka M.

Management and Business Administration. Central Europe

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2013

|

tom 21

|

nr 3(122)

15-29

EN

Purpose: The main purpose of this paper is to present the phenomenon of interorganizational collaboration from the strategic perspective, as a complex phenomenon, infl uenced by environmental factors, such as institutions – both formal and informal. Additional aims of the paper are: to present a model including all signifi cant elements and identifying important research gaps. Methodology: The paper presents the results of literature analyses as well as the fi ndings of the latest research studies in the fi eld of interorganizational collaboration, taking into account the environment of the organization. Conclusions: The external environment of the organization, in particular socio-cultural factors, has a significant impact on the formation, development, evolution and management of interorganizational collaboration. There are still many research gaps in this fi eld, and some of them have been presented in this paper. Research limitations: This paper is a theoretical and conceptual study. It forms an introduction to further empirical research. Originality: The paper presents the phenomenon of interorganizational collaboration in a broader context, taking into account the external environment as an element infl uencing such collaboration. Most of the works in this fi eld focus on organizations managing or coping with the environment. This paper presents a different approach. It indicates the external factors that infl uence interorganizational collaboration from a strategic perspective, and subsequently presents them in the form of a model.

18

Instytucje i mechanizmy gospodarowania

100%

Małecki-Tepicht S.

Ekonomia. Wrocław Economic Review

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2015

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tom 21

|

nr 2

9-41

EN

The subject of my reflections in this essay are institutions. As Mises famously claimed, all institutions, including the market economy, are designed by humans — as weak and fallible as they are — and are thus by definition “imperfect” in the same way that humans are imperfect. Institutions are always an external structure to the operating entities. I distinguish three spheres of influence of institutions: the economic sphere and its associated non-market and market operating mechanisms, the property-right sphere, including communal and private rights, and the sphere of governance, ranging from autocratic to liberal. For more than 10,000 years numerous economies of different civilizations, different economic systems and countries have been subjected to the action of various institutional networks. Despite different market design mechanisms, numerous forms of ownership rights, and ways of governance, throughout its 10,000 years of history, mankind has lasted and perused the goal of meeting its needs. I argue that households and the government in their quest for survival are subjected to the non-market mechanism of management, while enterprises-firms — in order to survive competition — must follow the market-based mechanism of management. I assume that within the wider concept of “technology” these two different mechanisms of management: the market and non-market mechanisms, are located in and are responsible for the differences in economic dynamics of the two areas of the world: the developed capitalist regions and other economic areas operating under different institutional systems.

19

Institutions and economic growth in Africa: Evidence from panel estimation

88%

Epaphra M. , Kombe A. H.

|

2017

|

tom Volume 13

|

nr Issue 5

570-590

EN

There is growing emphasis on the role of institutions on explaining Africa’s economic growth ahead of the traditional factors such as capital accumulation. However, it is not clear which of the institutions and governance indicators namely control of corruption, government effectiveness, political stability, regulatory quality, rule of law and voice and accountability matter most. This paper empirically examines the impact of institutions on economic growth in Africa. The paper uses a sample of 48 countries for the1996-2016 period. The overall number of observations is 912. The paper applied generalized methods of moment (GMM), fixed effects (FE) and random effects (RE) models. However, due to the fact that GMM is well suited to deal with potential endogeneity problems in the model, inferential statistics of this paper are drawn from GMM regression results. Results of the FE and RE regressions are presented in appendix. Empirical results show that institutions really matter for Africa’s economic growth. Among the institutional quality indicators political stability appears to be the most significant factor in explaining real GDP per capita growth in Africa. However, it is worth noting that, the quality of institutions alone may not be sufficient. Along with institutions, the paper reveals that structural factors such as liberalization of trade, fixed capital formation, labour force and foreign direct investment have a significant effect on Africa’s economic growth. The implication is that, a policy mix with the aim of improving the quality of institutions as well as reducing trade restrictions, enhancing both domestic and foreign investment and improving the quality of labour force would enhance economic growth in Africa.

20

Etnografija, etnologija u Jugoslaviji od 1918. do 1941. godine

88%

Radojičić D.

Národopisný věstník

|

2019

|

tom 36_(78)

|

nr 1

83-98

EN

This paper discusses scientific history of ethnography and ethnologyas disciplines, and their most significant bearers who established numerous institutions and new research perspectives in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croatans and Slovenians and later in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia between the world wars. The discussed events reflect the then scientific policy in ethnography and ethnology in Yugoslavia between 1918 and 1941.