Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Diversification of Institutional Economics

100%

Staniek Z.

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2010

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tom 1

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nr 1

89-116

EN

In the article the author intends to provide a selective, yet fairly comprehensive review of historical roots and trends of Institutional Economics. Institutional Economics is not an integrated theory based on a set of common hypotheses, but rather a combination of various elements coming from different traditions and different social sciences. However, despite diversity there is a central tenet of both the 'old' and the 'new' institutionalism: that institutions matter in shaping economic performance and economic behavior. Economic processes do not take place outside of the historical or social context; they take place within given institutions. The author attempts to classifying different views concerning these issues and explain how institutional economics relates to neoclassical economics and other social sciences.

2

Ekonomia behawioralna: od koncepcji racjonalności do wizji ustroju ekonomicznego

100%

Godłów-Legiędź J.

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nr 4 (25)

24-41

EN

The purpose of this article is to show the diversity in behavioral economics from both a normative and an explanatory point of view. Based on a critical analysis of the literature, the author presents behavioral economics from three perspectives: the perspective of diversification of the ideas about the way of functioning of human mind and normative suggestions concerning rationality, the perspective of connections between views on rationality and on the optimal economic system, and the perspective of the relationship between a psychological and institutional approach in economics. The analysis leads to the conclusion that in behavioral economics, we can find two opposite approaches to rationality, which result in different assessments of both individual behavior as well as the functioning of social institutions. The ”old” school of behavioral economics, which developed the concept of ecological rationality, is closely related to the institutional approach. The ”new” behavioral economics is less critical of neoclassical economics. It is a consequence of their tendency to interpret rationality in a constructivist spirit. But it is worth emphasizing the important common feature connecting both schools of behavioral economics with institutional economics. Institutionalism and the old school of behavioral economics emphasize the role of institutions from the cognitive, normative, and regulatory perspectives. The new behavioral economics adopts a normative conception of rationality close to that of neoclassical economics, but strongly accentuates the contextual character of human knowledge and behavior, i.e. one of the fundamental principles of the Kahneman school is framing decisions. There is an analogy between how social institutions on the one hand, and the formulation of the problem on the other affect the decisions of the individual. An architecture of choice is created as a result of the activities of private entities and governments. The advocates of libertarian paternalism are conscious of the threat stemming from the fact that cognitive deficiencies affect not only individuals as private entities, but also individuals as regulators and experts, hence their caution with respect to regulatory solutions. Behavioral economics as well as institutional economics both show various aspects and the complexity of the problem of coordination and regulation in a social system. The development of these two streams of economic thought reflects a return to a more balanced approach, both with respect to the assumptions of economic theory as well as with respect to reaching political conclusions based on economic theory.

3

Filozofi a (teoria) prawa Carla Schmitta?

88%

Zajadło J.

Przegląd Sejmowy

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2016

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nr 4(135)

65-94

EN

The main aim of this article is to analyze the small work of Carl Schmitt “On the three types of juristic thought”, fi rst published in 1934. In the literature of the subject, the German scholar is known primarily as a political philosopher and creator of the original, although controversial, ideas and concepts, including: the nomos, the political, the friend and enemy relationship, a state of emergency, sovereignty and political theology. Not forgotten is also the support Schmitt gave the Nazi regime after Hitler came to power. In the fi rst two parts of the article, the author reviews, on the one hand, the current state of research on the thought of the German scholar and, on the other hand, presents his short biography and his achievements as a writer. All of this, however, is only the background for a general review and analysis of the origins and content of the work of Schmitt of 1934. The author emphasizes the unique character of that small volume book as compared to other works of the German scholar. In the book, Schmitt rather appears to us as a theorist and philosopher of law, who goes beyond a dispute between legal positivism and natural law, and proposes a particular mode of thinking based on legal institutions. His sources of inspiration include two of his contemporary authors, representing institutional theory of law, Maurice Harriou and Santi Romano. According to the author of the article, it is hard to claim on this basis that Schmitt developed his own theory and philosophy of law.

4

Cyber Technology and the European Union’s Gestaltian Approach to China

75%

Hasmath R. , Berzina-Cerenkova U.

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tom 57

111-120

EN

Contemporary European Union (EU) and China relations are marked by a simultaneously beneficial, conflictual and competitive partnership. This is aptly evident in the cyber technology realm. This paper contends that the European Union’s gestaltian approach towards China can be understood with the aid of three theoretical positions: (1) an institutional perspective; (2) as a values-based actor; and, (3) a realpolitik dimension. The arguments advanced in the paper, ultimately imply that the EU’s approach towards China can provide various EU domestic and global actors’ space to exploit contradictions, notably when it comes to cyber technology diplomacy. This has the attendant effect of fostering future fissures in the EU’s overall engagement with China.

5

Zakres i kierunki wykorzystania narzędzi rachunkowości zarządczej w pomiarze dokonań w kontekście New Public Management − ujęcie instytucjonalne

75%

Zarzycka E. , Michalak M.

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nr 4(26)

5-19

PL

Wdrożenie i skuteczne wykorzystanie koncepcji zarządzania jednostkami sektora publicznego, bazującej na dobrych praktykach zarządzania organizacjami biznesowymi, wymaga implementacji odpowiednich narzędzi rachunkowości zarządczej wpierających procesy zarządcze. Główne cele badawcze przyjęte przez autorów tego artykułu obejmują m.in.: − identyfikację metod i narzędzi rachunkowości zarządczej stosowanych aktualnie przez kierowników badanych jednostek samorządu terytorialnego; − ocenę przydatności, adekwatności i skuteczności systemu pomiaru dokonań stosowanego przez badane jednostki samorządu terytorialnego w Polsce. Badanie zostało przeprowadzone w formie wywiadu − ankiety audytoryjnej, skierowanej do respondentów reprezentujących jednostki samorządu terytorialnego.

EN

If private sector’s good management practices are to be used effectively to manage public sector entities, some management-aiding tools have to be introduced, particularly in the public sector’s accounting system oriented to external reporting, which needs to be supplemented with a management accounting subsystem. The main research objectives of this paper are: – to identify management accounting methods and tools currently used by the managers of the sampled local government entities – LGEs; – to evaluate the usefulness, adequacy, and effectiveness of performance measurement systems used in LGEs.

6

STANDARDS OF ECONOMIC EDUCATION IN THE CONTEXT OF SOCIETY IN TRANSITION: PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS

75%

Fedorova L.

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nr 3

52-62

EN

This article presents the problem of the economic theory course updating in terms of its correspondence to the conditions of transformational economics and the possibility of synthesis of various branches of science. Analyzing the state of the emerging Russian market, the author shows the inability of the standard course of the economy, the main content of which is a neo-classical concept, to explain the relevant processes. The article demonstrates feasibility of expediency of treatment to the institutional concept, in particular, the theory of power, for the analysis of the main market elements: supply, demand and price. As the fundamental basis for the analysis of market relations compatibility in various areas of economic science, the author considers the community of an object of research - economic activity of the economic entity. If the analysis of the market relations is the main for neo-classical concept, then the categories of institutionalism, from the point of the author’s view, can operationalize the system of industrial relations, presenting them more directly and specifically, thereby extending the range of the analyzed problems. The role of political economy, considering the relations of production as multilayer formation, is to create a methodology for the study of market relationships. The author describes a number of specific provisions of the economic theory course, in relation to which the possibility of representations of the different branches of science compatibility is quite obvious.

7

Mary Douglas "Jak myślą instytucje" – między racjonalnością ekonomiczną i socjologicznym determinizmem

71%

Ząbkowicz A.

|

tom 78

|

nr 3

253-260

EN

The book under review contains the essence of the thought of a respected researcher. It refers to economic, sociological, anthropological and philosophical issues. The review points in particular to those theoretical questions which are of interest to sociologists, economists and students oflaw. These are the origins and motives of collective action, the sustainability of the institutional framework of choice, and the relative meaning of justice.

PL

Recenzowana książka to kwintesencja dorobku znanej uczonej, który obejmuje zagadnienia ekonomii, socjologii, antropologii i filozofii. Artykuł recenzyjny zwraca uwagę szczególnie na te teoretyczne zagadnienia, które interesują socjologów, ekonomistów i prawników. To zagadnienia przyczyn zbiorowego działania, trwałości instytucjonalnych ram wyboru oraz względności pojęcia sprawiedliwości.

8

The mechanism of adopting political decisions in the EU on the example of European Rail Infrastructure Managers

63%

Bugajski W.

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nr 2(38)

29-47

EN

The process of decision-making, lobbying and negotiating formal and legal documents is a complex but also very interesting issue. Referring to the findings of the studies in the field of shaping public policy, in particular the process of making political decisions on the example of European Rail Infrastructure Managers, one of the leading interest group organisations, the thesis put forward in the research process: “The decision-making process in the European Union is a difficult art of seeking compromise and understanding for stakeholders” appears to be justified.

9

Niepewność w zarządzaniu zasobami naturalnymi w kontekście instytucjonalnym

63%

Kuźniewski K.

|

2013

|

tom 5

s. 253-266

PL

Niniejszy artykuł analizuje współczesne i klasyczne badania nad niepewnością w zarządzaniu zasobami naturalnymi, skupiając się na kontekście instytucjonalnym. Ten, wydawać by się mogło, niszowy temat badawczy okazuje się bardzo trudny do jednoznacznego sklasyfikowania i ewoluuje już od ponad stu lat. Szybko zmieniająca się struktura otoczenia oraz działających w nim instytucji czyni globalne i lokalne zarządzanie zasobami naturalnymi coraz trudniejszym. Autor przedstawia w tym artykule pełne spektrum tego tematu, istniejące badania, interpretacje oraz nowe wyzwania. Wyjaśnia również ich genezę i występujące pomiędzy nimi współzależności. Na końcu przedstawione zostają wnioski i spostrzeżenia.

EN

This article examines the contemporary and the classic studies on uncertainty in the management of natural resources, focusing on the institutional context. This seemingly niche research turns out to be very difficult to be clearly classified, it has been evolving for over a hundred years. Rapidly changing structure of environment and its institutions makes global and local natural resource management increasingly difficult. The author presents in this article the full spectrum of the subject, existing studies, interpretations, and new challenges. It also explains the origins and interdependence existing between them. Finally, conclusions and observations are presented.

10

Instytucjonalizmy a polityka społeczna

63%

Pieliński B.

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nr 22(3)

25-43

PL

Artykuł poświęcony jest implikacjom, jakie dla polityki społecznej niosą trzy główne odmiany nowego instytucjonalizmu: instytucjonalizm racjonalnego wyboru, instytucjonalizm historyczny oraz instytucjonalizm socjologiczny. Analizie zostaje poddana kwestia tego, jakie następstwa dla polityki społecznej mają odmienne koncepcje instytucji tworzone w obrębie każdej z odmian nowego instytucjonalizmu. Autor artykułu wskazuje na to, że nowy instytucjonalizm stawia przed polityką społeczną trzy rodzaje wyzwań: funkcjonalności, przygodności i stosowności.

EN

The article elaborates the concept of historical institutionalism. It describes how studies on social policy have been developing in this particular type of new institutionalism. The author concludes by arguing that historical institutionalism accentuates the political dimension of social policy and indicates problems which social policy has while introducing an intentional social change.

11

Transformacja a otoczenie instytucjonalne w drodze do zrównoważonej mobilności

63%

Krych A.

|

tom nr 9

8--20

PL

Główną tezą artykułu jest stwierdzenie, że o skuteczności polityki zrównoważonej mobilności przesądza jej otoczenie instytucjonalne. Przytacza się kilka idei instytucjonalistów oraz autorytetów Nowej Historii Gospodarczej i Nowej Ekonomii Instytucjonalnej istotnych dla rozumienia roli instytucji, ich ewolucji, czynników zmian oraz struktur ważnych z punktu widzenia polityk transportowych. Wokół zasad zrównoważonej mobilności w środowisku inżynierów toczą się debaty. Proponuje się, by główny nurt dyskusji problemu osadzić w normach transformacji społecznej i gospodarczej niezbędnej z uwagi na zagrożenia klimatyczne. Transformację uznaje się za imperatyw kategoryczny. Normatywny charakter imperatywu wiąże się z podziałem modalnym podróżowania. Jego systemowe ujęcie zilustrowano grafem interakcji między pięcioma czynnikami stymulującymi strukturę popytu i podaży. Wielość interakcji każe zwrócić uwagę na sens konsolidacji instytucji wokół problemu mobilności. Porównano ekonomiczne oraz ekotechniczne podejście do możliwości kwantyfikacji podziału modalnego. Wskazano na praktyczne znaczenie podejścia ekotechnicznego poprzez wskaźnik energochłonności i jego ściślejszy związek z imperatywem transformacji. Łączenie zużycia energii z mobilnością podzieloną na różne środki transportu ma znaczenie dla bieżącego monitorowania efektów strategii i rezultatów projektów w procesie transformacji. Opierając się na diagnozie autorytetów, własnych doświadczeniach (studium przypadku), a także na krytyce interwencji publicznej z wykorzystaniem środków unijnych, analizowano związek sukcesów i niepowodzeń interwencji z uwarunkowaniami instytucjonalnymi. W podsumowaniu (generalizacja) przedstawiono rekomendacje dla reorientacji reguł, polityk i struktur instytucji rządowych, samorządowych, a także instytucji zarządzających dystrybucją środków Unii Europejskiej.

EN

The fact that the effectiveness of the sustainable mobility policy is determined by its institutional environment is the main thesis of the article. Several ideas of institutionalists and authorities of the New Economic History and New Institutional Economics are quoted, which are important for understanding the role of institutions, their evolution, factors of change and structures important from the point of view of transport policies. There are debates around the principles of sustainable mobility in the engineering community. It is proposed that the mainstream discussion of the problem should be embedded in the norms of social and economic transformation necessary in the face of climate threats. It is an imperative of transformation. The normative nature of the imperative is related to the modal division of travel. Its systemic approach is illustrated with a graph of the interaction of five factors stimulating the structure of demand and supply. This allows us to draw attention to the sense of consolidating institutions around the problem of mobility. The economic and eco-technical approaches to the possibility of modal split quantification were compared. The practical importance of the eco-technical energy intensity index and its closer relationship with the imperative of transformation were pointed out. Combining energy consumption with shared mobility is important for ongoing monitoring of strategy effects and project results in the transformation process. Based on the diagnosis of authorities, own experience (case study), as well as criticism of public intervention with the use of EU funds, the relationship between successes and failures of interventions and institutional conditions was analyzed. The summary (generalization) presents recommendations for the evolution of rules, policies and structures of government and local government institutions as well as institutions managing the distribution of European Union funds.

12

O Autonomicznym Systemie Responsywnym – perspektywa postmodernistyczna

51%

Żukowski A.

|

2018

|

tom 7

203-212

EN

The article aims to present a reflexion on The Autonomous Responsive System and possibilities of automated dispute resolution. The relation between rational choice and legal efficiency seems to be the first dilemma. The rational choice is created by distinction of algorithms and discourses. The legal efficiency means transparency. Social interpretation of law appears as the result of the three-stage analytical sequence. Functionalism explores the elaboration of further relations. Automated decision-making System is impossible without understanding correlation between standards and alternatives. Standards are based on received signals. Alternatives indicate potential strategies of social doing. Multitude and limited predictability of strategies disturbs responsiveness of the System. The postmodern perspective is connected with constant change. Social challenges of the Enlightenment are topical, however, require a new methodological approach. The Autonomic Responsive System should elaborate a reaction on practical choices of signals’ receivers—it means—understand human nature. There are two way to send signals socially: persuasion and normative emphasis. A constant change causes the spillover of practices and the dissemination of notions. The discourse has an impact on the communication loop. Marxist discursive element is focused on superstructure and the Supplementary Logic. Institutionalism and the rule of practices in social context are analyzed by nietzschean discursive element. The axiological openness assumes the multicentric orientation toward a factual state. The Automatic Responsive System appears to be an inevitable consequence of the autopoietic law.