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(Former) Informal Networks as a Reflection of Informal Institutions in East European Transitional Societies: Legacy or Opportunism?

100%

Banović R. Š.

Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy

2015

tom 10

nr 1

179-205

Only recently has the influence of culture on economic development been increasingly discussed among theoretical economists. Besides observing culture through cultural traditions inherited from ancestors, current social interactions are also considered as an influential factor. Over a long period of time, the research on East European transitional societies has been focused on formal institutions. Throughout that period, informal networks, many of which originated from the previous socio-political system, have mostly strengthened their position in the society and gained power in the formal structures. They helped in building the new capitalist states and therewith had positive effects by speeding up the transition process. Yet, in medium and long term, their activities typically resulted in state capture. This paper explores the persistence of tight informal and mostly inefficient formal business-government-society relations in Eastern Europe. It emphasises the influence of informal networks in the interaction of formal and informal institutions, and questions the possibility of new generations to make a turnaround in the functioning of the networks. Newly emerging social interactions are contextualised in the cultural dimensions: Power Distance and Collectivism versus Individualism. This paper argues that even when informal communities solely serve their own opportunistic purposes, the prevailing collectivist culture in the society provides tacit support to their existence and therewith delays the transformation from relation-based to rule-based governance. The empirical findings confirm the oversocialised view of the society and networks suggested by economic sociologists. Additionally, the changes in transitional institutional environment are deemed to be in line with the claims of institutional economists on durability and impact of informal institutions.

"Tady mám takovou větu - a já nevim, jestli je prostě správně napsaná česky": příspěvek k problematice pokládání dotazů jazykové poradně

58%

Dvořáková K.

Naše řeč (Our Speech)

2024

tom 107

nr 1

21-47

The Language Consultation Centre (LCC) of the Czech Language Institute has been offering telephone consultations for almost eighty years. During that time papers about the content of queries were published fairly regularly, but the interaction between callers and LCC employees was mostly disregarded (with a few recent exceptions). Therefore, this paper presents an analysis of the ways that the callers formulate their queries. For this purpose, I examined 102 language queries from 63 recordings of authentic phone calls to the LCC using the methodology of conversation analysis. In the queries I identified recurring components and divided them into seven categories based on their functions: thematizing knowledge deficit, defining the topic of the query, supporting or rejecting the solution, disclaiming authorship (of a “problematic” language form), justifying the query, providing additional information, and signalling transition to the next part of the utterance. This categorization proved that language queries are complex utterances that reflect the norms of the genre of telephone language consulting. In other words, the inquirers are well aware of what information they can present and how, and what they can expect from LCC employees in return.