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Symbiotic Effectiveness of Rhizobium Leguminosarum Bv. Viciae With Pea Plants as Influenced by Azotobacter Chroococcum

100%

Martyniuk S. , Kozieł M. , Gałązka A.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2015

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tom Vol. 16, nr 4

185--190

EN

The aim of this work was to examine the effects of A. chroococcum on the prolifera-tion of R. leguminosarum bv. viciae (Rlv) in a solid-carrier inoculant and on symbiotic effectiveness of Rlv with pea plants grown under laboratory and field conditions. In a laboratory experiment it was found that proliferation of both bacterial species, Rlv and A. chroococcum, in the dual-culture inoculants was efficient, and that A. chroococ-cum had no adverse effects on the development of the rhizobia (Rlv) in the solid-carrier inoculant. In a pot experiment the highest number of nodules was detected on roots of pea plants inoculated with the dual-culture inoculant containing Rlv and A. chroococcum, slightly lower numbers on pea roots inoculated with the mono-culture inoculum of Rlv and almost no nodules were found on the roots of pea un-inoculated (control treatment) with the bacteria. In the micro-plot experiment conducted in the years 2011–2012 pre-sowing inoculation of pea seeds with the mono-culture inocu-lant of Rlv or with the mixed inoculant of Rlv and A. chroococcum slightly increased nodule numbers/plant, pod numbers/plant and seed numbers/pod, as compared to the un-inoculated control, but these differences were not reflected in pea seed yields/m2, which were similar in all treatments.

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Cellular automata for simulation of dendritic growth with surface active refractory inoculants

84%

Yermolenko D. Y. , Holovko V. V. , Stepanuyk S. M.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2018

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tom Vol. 88, nr 2

49--54

EN

Purpose: During weld metal structure formation the possibility of impact on its mechanical properties are much more limited in comparison with metallurgy and technology of steel production. Adding of the inoculants to the welding pool is one of the promising methods of influencing the structure and mechanical properties of the weld metal. Design/methodology/approach: Cellular automata (CA) with additions of finite difference method (FDM) is one of the best ways to simulate dendritic growth process with the surfaceactive inoculants. It`s easy to add new rules of interaction between the inoculants and dendrite surface to the cellular automata model. Findings: It was found that average distance between primary dendrites axis decrease with increase of the inoculants wetting angle by melt iron. Obtained results were confirmed experimentally on weld metal samples that were obtained by the welding of HSLA steels with the surface-active inoculants. Research limitations/implications: The inoculants with size that comparable with cells size of the model (≈0.4 microns) were distributed evenly in computational area. Practical implications: Adding of surface-active inoculants to the melt metal improve structure and mechanical properties of weld metal. Different refractory particles (TiC, TiN, SiC, TiO2, Al2O3 and ZrO2) can be used. Originality/value: Refractory inoculants adding to the melt metal are wide used in metallurgy as crystallization centers and heat absorbers. Inoculants that were added to the welding pool of high-strength low-alloyed (HSLA) steel welds could also influence on crystallization processes of weld metal as surface active particles. In the contact point between the dendrite surface and the surface-active inoculant, a surface energy is change depending of the inoculant surface properties. Different refractory particles (TiC, TiN, SiC, TiO2, Al2O3 and ZrO2) were used.

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Initial assessment of effectiveness of some selected inoculants for grey cast iron

84%

Soiński M. S. , Wawrzyniec A.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2010

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tom Vol. 10, iss. 2

155--158

EN

The influence of four inoculants: FeSi75, Zircinoc, Foundry Grade, and Inogen has been determined in the work. The additions have been introduced in the amount of 0,2% into the cast iron exibiting the degree of saturation SC = 0,824. The shape, the size, and the arrangement of graphite precipitates have been determined, as well as the cast iron matrix type; both the initial cast iron and the modified alloy have been examined, the latter cast after either 2 or 8 minutes after the inoculation treatment. Additionally the chilling tendency of the cast iron has been assessed, the number of eutectic cells has been determined, and mechanical properties (strength and hardness) of the alloy have been examined. It has been found that each of the inoculants significantly lowers the cast iron chilling tendency, however not to the same degree. Additionally, the graphite arrangement is changed from interdendritic one present in the initial cast iron to the arrangement of prevailing A type revealed in the modified alloy. The inoculation treatment leads to the distinct growth in the number of eutectic cells and to the increasing of cast iron tensile strength, the latter however not to the large extent.

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Thermal Analysis of the ZnAl10 Alloy Modified by Ti Additions in AlTi5C0.15 and ZnTi3.2 Inoculants

84%

Piwowarski G. , Buraś J. , Krajewski W. K. , Krajewski P. K.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2014

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tom Vol. 14, iss. 4 spec.

101--106

EN

Cast alloys on the Zn matrix and of an increased Al content are characterised by good technological and mechanical properties, due to which they should meet special, more demanding requirements. However, the basic problem in these alloys technology, apart from a high tendency for gases pick-up and oxidation of liquid metals, is a tendency to form coarse-grained dendritic structures in castings solidifying in sand moulds, what - in turn - unfavourably influences their plastic properties [1, 2, 7, 11]. Therefore several treatments aimed at obtaining fine-grained structure and improving plastic properties are applied in these alloys technology. The presented study concerns the modification process of binary, middle-aluminium Zn alloys performed by additions of inoculants containing titanium and investigations of these modifications influence on the structure refinement degree. The Zn-10wt% Al (ZnAl10) alloy modified, before pouring into a sand mould, either by addition of the traditional inoculant i.e. Al-3wt% Ti-0.15wt% C (AlTi3C0.15 – TiCAl) or the new inoculant Zn-3.2wt% Ti (ZnTi3.2) was tested. Within investigations the thermal analysis was performed, especially cooling curves and their first derivatives, and also measurements by means of the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), with a purpose of determining the modification influence on undercooling degree changes. Microstructures of the tested alloy were observed by the light microscopy (LM). The applied modification of middle-aluminium zinc alloys by AlTi3C0.15 and ZnTi3.2 inoculants causes a significant refinement of the alloy structure. Inoculants applied in investigations have a strong nucleating activity, which is confirmed by decreasing of undercooling and the temperature recalescence in cooling curves, which occurs simultaneously with grain refinements.

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Modyfikowanie żeliwa wysokojakościowego dwuwarstwowym zespołem modyfikująco-filtrującym

67%

Cupiał J. , Piech K.

Biuletyn Instytutu Odlewnictwa

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2000

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tom R. 3, nr 6

34-40

PL

W artykule przedstawiono koncepcję modyfikacji żeliwa sferoidalnego dzięki zastosowaniu w układzie wlewowym dwuwarstwowego zespołu modyfikująco-filtrującego. Zespoły takie wykonywano w Instytucie Odlewnictwa do celów doświadczalnych, a składały się one z połączonych trwale ze sobą dwóch warstw: pierwsza - kształtka wykonana z modyfikatora, a druga - ceramiczny filtr piankowy o porowatości odpowiedniej dla danego stopu. Podano sposoby wykonywania zespołów modyfikująco-filtrujących, ich właściwości oraz sposób montowania w formie ceramicznej. W realizowanej pracy badawczej takie zespoły wykorzystane zostały do wykonywania odlewów z żeliwa sferoidalnego w warunkach odlewni precyzyjnej Zakładu Doświadczalnego Instytutu Odlewnictwa. W artykule zaprezentowano uzyskane wyniki badań odlewów (metalograficzne, wytrzymałościowe), na podstawie których oceniano skuteczność modyfikacji i przydatność wykonywanych zespołów modyfikująco-filtrujących.

EN

The article presents a concept of ductile iron inoculation by application of a double layer inoculating-filtrating element placed in the gating system. Elements of this type are made by Foundry Research Institute for experimental purposes and they consist of two permanently joined layers: the first layer is a shaped inoculant, the second layer is a ceramic foamed filter of porosity chosen to best suit the investigated alloy. The methods of making the inoculating-filtrating elements are stated, along with the properties of these elements and a technique of placing them in the gating system. In the research described in the present article such elements have been used for making castings in ductile iron at the investment foundry shop of the Pilot Plant of Foundry Research Institute. The article also presents the obtained results of casting examinations (metallographic and mechanical testing) which have been used in assessment of the inoculation effectiveness and of the applicability of thus produced inoculating-filtrating elements.