Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Analiza bezpieczeństwa uczestników wypadku drogowego

100%

Falana S. , Pietrowska K. , Joszko K. , Wolański W.

Aktualne Problemy Biomechaniki

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2017

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tom z. 13

13--20

PL

W pracy przedstawiono analizę bezpieczeństwa pasażerów samochodu osobowego podczas zderzenia czołowego. Badania modelowe wykonano z wykorzystaniem oprogramowania MADYMO oraz modeli manekinów: osoby dorosłej (HYBRID III) oraz 6-letniego dziecka (PO6). Przeprowadzone symulacje numeryczne obejmowały różne warianty i konfiguracje mocowań pasów bezpieczeństwa. Ocenę skuteczności działania systemów bezpieczeństwa przeprowadzono na podstawie wyznaczonych parametrów kinematycznych i dynamicznych jak np. przyspieszenia głowy, momentów sił, a także kryteriów urazowości (HIC, NIC oraz Nij). Otrzymane wyniki wykazały, że im większa liczba mocowań pasów bezpieczeństwa tym mniejsze prawdopodobieństwo wystąpienia poważnych obrażeń podczas wypadku drogowego.

EN

The safety analysis of the vehicle passengers during frontal collision was presented in this paper. Model researches were performed using Madymo software with models of adult dummy (HYBRID III) and 6-year-old child dummy (P06). The various options and configurations of safety belts were considered in numerical simulations. The evaluation of the effectiveness of the safety systems was based on the kinematic and dynamic parameters, such as: acceleration of the head, force moments and Injury Criteria (HIC, NIC and Nij). The obtained results showed that the increasing number of safety belt anchorages cause decreasing probability of serious injury during car accident.

2

Simulated depiction of head and brain injuries in the context of cellularbased materials in passive safety devices

100%

Wilhelm J. , Ptak M. , Rusiński E.

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie

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2017

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tom nr 50 (122)

98--104

EN

The performance of passive safety devices to protect vulnerable road users, or otherwise endangered persons, from severe injuries in cases of impacts and accidents has improved notably in recent decades. The devices’ levels of performance appear to have plateaued but the numbers of severe injuries and deaths caused in such incidents could be decreased further if new solutions are found. At first, the possibilities for improving the impact behavior of passive safety devices may appear to be restricted to device geometry; however, it is in fact also possible to rethink the applied materials and to utilize natural principles in their design. In this study, impact related brain injury mechanisms and injury criteria are investigated using dynamic simulations and Finite Element Head Models, results from which are compared with data collected from real-life accidents. As these tools are advancing considerably in terms of accuracy, information density and complexity, they provide, like expert knowledge from the fields of biomechanics, biomedicine and neuroscience, valuable input for further development.

3

Rekonstrukcja testu zderzeniowego samochodu osobowego przy użyciu pakietów obliczeniowych LS-DYNA i MADYMO

80%

Kowalik M. , Jastrzębski D. , Dziewoński T.

Logistyka

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2015

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tom nr 4

4208--4217, CD2

PL

W pracy podjęto próbę rekonstrukcji testu zderzeniowego samochodu Ford Explorer (rocznik 2000) poprzez dwuetapową symulację komputerową. Głównym celem było sprawdzenie na ile wiernie model numeryczny zderzenia odwzorowuje rzeczywiste zjawisko oraz zidentyfikowanie możliwości jego poprawy z punktu widzenia zgodności wyników doświadczenia i symulacji. Wykorzystano przy tym częściowo zmodyfikowane i poprawione, dostępne modele samochodu i odkształcalnej bariery (modele MES) oraz model kierowcy w kabinie (połączenie MES i Metody Układów Wieloczłonowych). Pierwszy etap symulacji, czyli zderzenie samochodu z odkształcalną barierą, przeprowadzono przy użyciu pakietu LS-DYNA. Drugi etap symulacji, czyli wystawienie manekina na wymuszenia działające w trakcie zderzenia, przeprowadzono przy użyciu pakietu MADYMO. Uzyskane wyniki zweryfikowano w oparciu o dane testowe. Opisano wynikające z porównania wnioski. Zaproponowano możliwości rozszerzenia zakresu weryfikacji. Wskazano kilka możliwych dróg rozwoju modelu.

EN

In the work presented in this paper, efforts have been made to reconstruct the Ford Explorer (year 2000 model) crash-test by using a two-step computer simulation. The main purpose was to verify the simulation’s accuracy by comparing the simulation results with experimental data. The study was also intended to give some ideas about possible model modifications that could improve simulation accuracy. Existing models of the car, the deformable barrier (FEM model) and the driver (combined FEM and MB model) were used after applying some adjustments. The first step was the simulation of the car’s impact into the deformable barrier. This was conducted using the LS-DYNA finite element program. The second step was the simulation of the driver’s behaviour during the crash and was conducted using MADYMO software. The simulation results were verified based on experimental data. Ways of expanding the range of verification methods were proposed and possible model improvements were presented.

4

Experimental and computational approach to human brain modelling – aHEAD

80%

Ptak M. , Dymek M. , Sawicki M. , Fernandes F. A. O. , Wnuk M. , Wilhelm J. , Ratajczak M. , Witkowska D. , Kwiatkowski A. , Poźniak B. , Kubicki K. , Tikhomirov M. , Druszcz A. , Chybowski L.

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

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2023

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tom Vol. 23, no. 3

art. no. e218, 2023

EN

The human head is a highly complex structure, with a combination of hard and soft tissues and a variety of materials and interactions. Many researchers have used computational approaches to model the head, and several human finite element head models can be found in the literature. However, most of them are not geometrically accurate – for instance, the brain is simplified to a smooth spherical volume, which poses some concerns regarding boundary conditions and geometrical accuracy. Therefore, an advanced head model of a 28-year-old, designated as aHEAD 28 yo (aHEAD: advanced Head models for safety Enhancement And medical Development), has been developed. The model consists entirely of hexahedral elements for 3D structures of the head such as the cerebellum, skull and cerebrum, with detailed geometry of the gyri and sulci. Additionally, it is one of the first human head approaches published in the literature that includes cerebrospinal fluid simulated by Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) and a detailed model of pressurized bridging veins. To support the model’s credibility, this study is focused on physical material testing. A novel comprehensive experimental-computational approach is presented, which involves the brain tissue’s response to induced vibrations. The experiment successfully aimed to validate the material models used in the numerical analysis. Additionally, the authors present a kinematical model validation based on the Hardy experimental cadaver test. The developed model, along with its verification, aims to establish a further benchmark in finite element head modelling and can potentially provide new insights into injury mechanisms.