Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Użyteczność metod logiki nieformalnej w badaniu argumentów w dyskusjach między teistami a ateistami

100%

Trombik K.

Semina Scientiarum

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2017

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tom 16

EN

This paper argues that methods used in informal logic (sometimes called CriticalThinking) could be helpful in examining the arguments in discussionsbetween theists and atheists. Application of the techniques of informal logiccould reveal the substantive value of many commonly shared views about theism(and theists) and atheism (and atheists). The utility of applying informallogic methods has illustrated by several examples.

2

Language and Argument: a Review of the Field

85%

Hinton M.

Research in Language

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2019

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tom 17

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nr 1

93-103

EN

This paper has a dual purpose: it both seeks to introduce the other works in this issue by illustrating how they are related to the field of argumentation as a whole, and to make clear the tremendous range of research currently being carried out by argumentation theorists which is concerned with the interaction and inter-reliance of language and argument. After a brief introduction to the development of the field of argumentation, as many as eight language-based approaches to the study of argument are identified, taking as their perspective: rhetoric, argument structure, argument as act, discourse analysis, corpus methods, emotive argument, and narrative argument. The conclusion makes it clear that these branches of study are all themselves interconnected and that it is the fusion of methodologies and theory from linguistics and the philosophical study of argument which lends this area of research its dynamism.

3

Persuasive argumentation as a cultural practice

71%

Gałkowski P.

ARGUMENT: Biannual Philosophical Journal

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2014

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tom 4

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nr 1

123-134

EN

In this article author traces relation between argumentation and cultural practice. The first part focuses on definition of argumentation in informal logic tradition. In particular, it discusses argument in terms of verbal and social activity involving the use of everyday language. Author claims that there is no argumentation beyond language. The second part explains persuasive argumentation as a form of cultural practice. The persuasive arguments found in “social practice” can be understood as a social activity, analysable within the context of a given cultural system. Author refers to an approach taking the argumentative expression as a certain type of communicative practice, directed towards respecting, recognising or accepting specific actions. The inclusion of persuasive argumentation in the “circuit of cultural activities” to be studied makes it possible to compare this type of argumentation with other social practices, and to posit a clear historical dimension in the study of argumentation. It also makes it possible to view persuasive argumentation as one of many cultural activities aimed at changing or perpetuating behaviours, attitudes, thinking, etc. The third part of the paper concerns the problem of humanistic interpretation of persuasive argumentation. Author attempts to develop this intuition, at the same time demonstrating the problems that arise from this approach. In conclusion, author tries to analyze argumentation in terms of culture theory and humanistic interpretation.

4

Schematy argumentacji Douglasa Waltona jako metodologiczna podstawa analizy języka nauk politycznych w płaszczyźnie bezpieczeństwa państwa

57%

Skulska J. K.

Studia Bezpieczeństwa Narodowego

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2013

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tom R. 3, Nr 4

99--115

PL

Jednym z kluczowych nurtów współczesnych badań nad argumentacją jest tzw. Logika nieformalna (ang. informal logic). Wśród jej czołowych przedstawicieli należy wymienić takich uczonych jak J.A. Blair, R.H. Johnson czy D. Walton. Motywacją do stworzenia tej koncepcji była chęć zaangażowania narzędzi logiki do zastosowań takich jak analiza i ocena argumentacji prowadzonych w życiu codziennym, w politycznych debatach, prawnych sporach czy społecznych komentarzach charakterystycznych dla gazet, telewizji, Internetu, dlatego też może być użyta w nauce o bezpieczeństwie. Charakterystyczną cechą tego typu argumentów jest po pierwsze ich dialogiczna struktura, po drugie niemonotoniczny (podważalny) charakter. Logika nieformalna dostarcza nam metodologicznych narzędzi w postaci schematów argumentacji, które umożliwiają tego typu analizę. Schematy argumentacji obejmują dedukcyjne formy rozumowania, jak modus ponens, i indukcyjne formy – jak argument ze zgromadzonych zbiorów danych do statystycznego wniosku wynikającego z tych danych. Ten rodzaj rozumowania wspomaga wnioskowanie w przypadku jego niekompletności, umożliwia domyślenie się niewiadomych danych. Stanowi on zatem idealne narzędzie wspierające nauki społeczne oraz analizę „języka” w danym dyskursie naturalnym. Może również być przydatny w nauce o bezpieczeństwie.

EN

One of the major currents of contemporary researches on reasoning and argumentations is of an informal logic. Among its leading representatives are scholars such as I. Blair, R.H. Johnson and D. Walton. Their motivation for crafting some of its concepts was to engage the logic tools as applications to such analysis and evaluations of arguments that could be carried out in everyday life, in political debates, legal disputes or social commentaries specific to newspapers, television and the Internet. Hence, it can be as well used in the security studies. A characteristic feature of this type of argument is first, dialogical structure, and second, non-monotonic (contestable) character. Informal Logic provides us with the methodological tools, in the form of argumentation schemes that allow for this type of analysis in different fields of studies. Schemes include deductive argument forms such as modus ponens reasoning and inductive forms of argument as the collected data sets for statistical conclusion derived from these data. This kind of reasoning supports the inferences in the case of incompleteness, and allows figuring out the unknown data. It is therefore an ideal tool that can be used as a support for social sciences, and the analysis of “language” in the natural discourse, including the security studies.