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Towards naturalness scales of pragmatic complexity

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Kilani-Schoch M. , Sánchez Miret F. , Dressler W. U.

Poznań Studies in Contemporary Linguistics

2011

tom 47

237

This paper is an attempt to handle pragmatic complexity within the framework of Natural Linguistics. Specifically it aims at building two naturalness scales of the complexity of pragmatic inferences based on the naturalness parameters of trans-parency–opacity and of biuniqueness–ambiguity, illustrated mainly with French examples. The scales are complementary: transparency–opacity deals with hierarchized meanings, biuniqueness–ambiguity with exclusive alternative meanings. Pragmatic complexity is intended here as a function of the number and types of inferences or inferential steps included in the description of an utterance meaning. It is defined quantitatively and qualitatively and converges with cognitive complexity. The scales distinguish phenomena that are to varying degrees opaque or ambiguous (indirect, elliptic or non-literal) according to whether there is flouting or violation of a Gricean maxim and how this takes place. The number of cotextual and/or contextual dimensions as well as variable cog-nitive operations, modes of reasoning and meaning relations are taken as measures of pragmatic complexity. The paper also discusses the relation between complexity and markedness. This issue reveals a conflict between the perspectives of speaker and hearer.

La gènesi dels somatismes: accions humanes fossilitzades

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Sánchez-López E.

2021

tom 48

nr 3

133-147

Somatic idioms – those including a part of the body – have been traditionally studied from a synchronic perspective, yielding different explanations for their semantic value. The main objective of this paper is to highlight the diachronic origin of idiomatic meaning, by illustrating the process of phraseologization from a historical, usage-based perspective. As the first step, we will reflect on the general nature of phraseological meaning, and then on the semantic particularities of somatic idioms. Secondly, we will carry out a corpus-based diachronic analysis of the Catalan idiom tapar-se el nas (to hold one’s nose) within the framework of the Invited Inference Theory of Semantic Change. The different stages of the process will be exemplified and discussed. As a result, a new notion of somatic idioms as frozen human actions will be presented.

Design and application of an ontology to identify crop areas and improve land use

100%

Riaño M. A. , Rodriguez A. O. R. , Velandia J. B. , García P. A. G. , Montenegro Marín C. E.

2023

tom Vol. 71, no. 3

1409--1426

Agricultural development in Colombia has been characterized by being carried out in a local and traditional way, where important basic aspects are not always considered for the best performance of crops. These characteristics are presented in official government documentation distinguished by its heterogeneity. Ontologies in the domain of agriculture allow the organization and structuring of information to represent knowledge in such a way that the homogeneity of agricultural data dispersed in different types of documents such as manuals, weather reports, and official technical sheets is achieved. In accordance with the above, this work presents the development of an ontology in the agricultural domain to facilitate the identification of cultivation areas and improve land use, relating the basic concepts for an effective crop development according to the specifications and recommendations proposed in Colombian government documentation, using the Methontology methodology. This is achieved with the application of descriptive logic that, based on rules, generates inferences to identify the cultivation options and cultivable areas that present the highest performance. The interaction and use of the ontological model and inference rules are done through a web application made with Python and Flask. The precision of the model is evaluated using historical data of crops produced, making a comparison between the real data and the results obtained through the ontological model, obtaining as a result 80% reliability.