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Ekonomiczne aspekty zagospodarowania odpadów przemysłowych

100%

Alwaeli M. , Langosz K.

tom Vol. 4

79-92

Wykorzystanie odpadów jako surowców wtórnych zapewnia wiele efektów gospodarczych m. in. zwiększenie bazy surowcowej, obniżenie kapitałochłonności i energochłonności oraz zmniejszenie zużycia materiałów i kosztów produkcji. W zasadzie wszystkie powstające odpady mogą byc zagospodarowane, gdyż zawierają materiały o określonych cechach użytkowych. Niekiedy zmienia się tylko zewnętrzna forma i dlatego surowiec wsadowy nie ulega istotnym zmianom.

Industrial wastes proclaims more of hazard source for environment. Utilization as secondary materials wastes assure many economic effects as: enlargement the raw material base, decrease capital-absorptivity and energy- absorptivity, materials expenditure and costs of production. An article gives an description of industrial wastes management economics aspects. Differences between wastes and primary raw materials properties are not substantial. Many times these changes overcome only obverse manufactory form. The reason is that primary raw materials often have not undergo fundamentally changes during production process. (Scarp metal stay metal and rubbish stay paper). An article gives an description of connected costs of use industrial wastes as substitute of raw materials.

Carbon dioxide emission to the atmosphere from overburden under controlled temperature conditions

67%

Rogalski I. , Bes A. , Warminski K.

2008

tom 17

nr 3

427-432

Being a component of atmospheric air, carbon dioxide is widely distributed in nature and constantly exchanged between the atmosphere and ecosystems. It also serves as an indicator of the rate of processes taking place in the soil environment and reflects the rate of organic matter decomposition during industrial waste management and degraded land reclamation. Human activity may increase CO₂ emission to the atmosphere, thus contributing to its higher concentration in atmospheric air. CO₂ content of soil air is modified by a variety of factors, including temperature, humidity, porosity, root respiration, etc. CO₂ emitted to the atmosphere is the product of numerous chemical processes, primarily organic matter decomposition under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, and urea decomposition. This paper presents experimental results concerning CO₂ emission from light soil deposit in the form of overburden, before and after fertilization with sewage sludge. CO₂ emission was determined in a controlled environment chamber at a temperature of 10, 20 and 30°C and a constant water capacity of 60%. It was found that both higher temperatures and the addition of sludge increased CO₂ emission to the atmosphere. The observed relationships were confirmed by an analysis of variance, and correlations between the tested variables and CO₂ emission were determined.