Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Ojcowskie zaangażowanie mężczyzn odbywających karę pozbawienia wolności i jego pomiar

100%

Knapik J. , Przybyła-Basista H.

Polskie Forum Psychologiczne

|

2014

|

tom XIX

|

nr 3

355-370

EN

This paper is an attempt towards better understanding of the fatherhood of incarcerated men. In particular, research results are reported concerning a tool to measure the paternal involvement of incarcerated fathers – Questionnaire of Paternal Engagement ZK (KOZ-ZK). An exploratory factor analysis has revealed three dimensions of paternal engagement of incarcerated fathers, namely (i) paternal engagement during the time of imprisonment, (ii) paternal engagement during the leave from prison, (iii) father’s accessibility. In a pilot research project examining the psychometric properties of the questionnaire took part 215 incarcerated fathers. The questionnaire contained 22 items and was proved to have good psychometric properties. Additionally, a qualitative survey was conducted using the KOZ-ZK questionnaire and structured interviews. It turned out that the questionnaire properly reflected different intensities of paternal engagement of incarcerated fathers, important role being played by the relationship of the men with the mothers of their children.

2

Foreigners in the Polish prisons. The law and practice of taking into account cultural differences

100%

Buczkowski K. , Drapała K.

Biuletyn Polskiego Towarzystwa Kryminologicznego im. prof. Stanisława Batawii

|

2017

|

tom 24

31-37

EN

Polish executive law allows for the possibility of implementing an individualised approach to imprisonment in a system encompassing programmed, therapeutic or normal rehabilitation. Polish laws take into full account the Convention's standards on the prohibition of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1984 and the European Prison Rules issued by the Council of Europe. There are no specific provisions in Polish legislation relating to the imprisonment of foreigners, however, the guarantees of respect for dignity and cultural distinctiveness arise directly from the general principles for imprisonment. The number of foreigners incarcerated in Polish prisons is small. Every year, approximately 7,000 foreigners are convicted in Poland. Of this group, on average, 300 are serving a prison sentence. In this article we will outline the characteristics of this group of convicted criminals based on the available statistical data and in relation to the regulations in effect in Poland.

3

Territorialisation and Incarceration: The Nexus between Solitary Confinement, Religious Praxis and Imperial Rule in Nineteenth-Century Poland and Lithuania

88%

Ackermann F.

Acta Poloniae Historica

|

2018

|

tom 118

PL

Modern prisons are viewed in this paper as highly specific configurations, providing a critical infrastructure for the forging of a new relationship between subjects and the imperial state. The comparison of three rather different temporal and spatial practices of territorial incorporation makes it possible to describe the introduction of modern statehood in nineteenth century Poland and Lithuania as a long-term process, including a radically changed legal framework. It was accompanied by the ongoing codification of penal law by all three partitioning powers, which is outlined in the first part of this paper. The article offers a deep analysis of the establishment of new practices of incarceration in remote places (vis-à-vis the imperial capitals) as an inherent part of a changing relationship between centre and periphery within the Prussian, Russian and Habsburg Empires. They were among a broad range of new bureaucratic practices fostering the territorialisation of statehood. By enlarging the presence of selected actors in remote parts of the Central European Empires, they established a direct and bidirectional relationship between the representatives of the state and its subjects. By analysing the way in which the partitioning powers re-used monasteries as infrastructures for the introduction of new penal practices in the early nineteenth century, this article offers a better understanding of the long-term structural changes. A two-step argumentation follows the functional logic of the relationship between religious spaces designed for introspection and spaces for solitary confinement. As a consequence of the reform discourse, new prison complexes were erected in the second half of the nineteenth century. They produced a highly institutionalized and structured space for the reconfiguration of the relationship between the subject and the state. An ideal version of this relationship was described in normative documents, such as prison instructions. In analysing them, this article focuses on the state-led implementation of religious practices, as they played a major role in the redesign of this relationship following the establishment of new prison complexes.

4

Systemowa pozorność resocjalizacji penitencjarnej w świetle badań empirycnych. Propozycje zmian

87%

Stępniak P.

Archiwum Kryminologii

|

2012

|

nr XXXIV

91-133

EN

The article discusses studies on models of incarceration in Polish prisons. The object of the study was to determine if resocialisation model of this punishment dominates in practice, or other models, including official-formal of ostensible resocialisation, dominate and what are the factors determining this. Analysis of this problem was based on opinions by prison personnel and convicts from three prisons in the district of Greater Poland Voivodeship. Disscussion is opened by a critical reflection how much the resocialisation model suits modern penitentiary policy and to what degree it is reflected in current executory provisions of law. Discussion stars with a polemics with an opinion, quite common in Polish penitentiary literature, that incarceration should be based on this particular model as it is better than other ones. Resocialisation model does not take into account diversified needs of influence on prisoners. Some of them do not need improvement (e.g. unintentional, accidental perpetrators). Others, because of their already shaped negative personality traits will never be fit to come back to the society (e.g. perpetrators of most grave crimes of the highest degree of demorali-zation). In the end of theoretical discussion of various model of work with convicts during incarceration, the author draws one’s attention to the fact that provisions of executory criminal law can reflect resocialisation conceptions only to a limited degree. Practical model of penitentiary influence is hence not a uniform and clear pedagogical model but has an eclectic character. It is demonstrated that from such point of view, assessment of work of prisons based on the criterion if and how much they resocialise, is based on wrong premises. They are criticized in the article. In the second part of the article the author discusses the results of the empirical studies. It starts with the description of used research method and a general characteristic of the re-spondent group. The research was conducted in June and July 2010. It consisted in collecting opinions in questionnaires and in focus interviews with prisoners and prison staff. The groups were chosen in a random manner (132 prison officers and 350 prisoners) and they were representative for the population of the imprisoned in the regional authority of detention centres. Presentation of the most significant conclusions of the research starts with the fact that vast majority of convicts were imprisoned in a normal system had in practice a decisive influence on content and type of penitentiary influence. This system does not require corrective influence and thus penitentiary work concentrated on ensuring that the imprisoned are placed in conditions at least compliant with recommendations of European Prison Rules. In practice these conditions are included in prison rules. Most of all, they concern living space and prison regimen conditions without focus on education and correction work.

5

Funkcjonowanie oddziałów dla tzw. "więźniów niebezpiecznych" w Polsce

87%

Lasocik Z.

Archiwum Kryminologii

|

2009

|

nr XXXI

299-344

EN

A series of mysterious deaths in prisons made the issue of persecution organs functioning, but first and foremost question the effectiveness of controls within the prison system, returned to the newspapers’ headines. In the large part the debate has been concerned with the safety of persons who may have important information regarding ongoing criminal proceedings. Opinions are divergent, and their authors often refer back to fundamental issues. The most important and arousing the strongest emotions ones among them are as follows: where is the limit of permitted prision isolation, and how should the special units for specific categories of offenders operate? The presented study is the result of research entitled “Wstępna ocena funkcjonowania oddziałów dla więźniów niebezpiecznych” (“Introductory assessment of wards for particularly dangerous criminals”) which I carried out in 2007-2008. In the research, I examined the subject of the borders of the prison isolation, with particular emphasis on the effects of its escalation, for those who are the subjects, and for those who are executors of enhanced isolation alike. The research consisted of 10 case studies carried out on prisoners, who stayed in the special prison units with a very high degree of isolation for the longest time. Their period of stay ranged from 7 to 14 years. Penitentiary records of these individuals and the material gathered during the in-depth interviews were analysed. In addition to the presentation of the data collected during the research also contains an attempt to present a useful analytic scheme to describe and understand the functioning of this segment of the prison system, which is responsible for the isolation and control of the most dangerous criminal offenders and the most recalcitrant prisoners. The unit analysed was, so-called N ward, treated as an element of the prison culture and culture in general. The primary data source is the materials and documents related to the functioning of this segment of the prison system and the awareness of individuals participating in this social phenomenon. The latter is consistent with the assumptions of humanist criminology, in which an individual experience is a key vehicle for knowledge of the culture, and the knowledge should be searched there. The essence of this approach to the study of social phenomena is a recommendation by F. Znaniecki to study it with “the humanistic factor.” The study reconstructed the origins of wards with a high degree of isolation and it systemic rationalisation. The information collected, justify the hypothesis that the system of N wards in Poland was not prepared well enough. Ultimately there are 16 branches and with over more than 400 specially protected places of imprisonment created, despite the considerable cost, only because they were presented to decision-makers as one of the key instruments to combat the organized crime.

6

System programowanego oddziaływania w opiniach więźniów

87%

Stępniak P.

Archiwum Kryminologii

|

2009

|

nr XXXI

265-298

EN

The article presents the results of research on the assessments of the programmed influence formulated by the prisoners. There were a lot of hopes pinned on this system introduced to the penitentiary policy by the Executive Penal Code of 6 June 1997. The system proposed modern educational interactions based on cooperation of the prisoners with the prison staff and assumed active participation of prisoners in its implementation. The key issue of the system is to negotiate the individual schemes and voluntary commitment to respect them by prisoners participating in such negotiations. Enforcing convicts’ activity, particularly the juvenile ones, was supposed to create a chance of individual choice of more efective meaures to influence them and to shape a sense of responsibility – and at the same time to prevernt from return to crime. Since this system came into force on 1 September 1998, now almost 11 years ago, an vital task was to investigate not only the various aspects of its implementation, but also an opinion about this system, formulated by members of the prison community, especially by prisoners. So far there were few empirical studies of this system in everyday prison reality. More extensive research in this field includes studies of A. Nawój and E. Silecka, M. Bramska, A. Kurek and D. Schmidt, and A. Szymanowska. With this as the point of departure, the author of the article carried out a survey in the year 2008 to gather the views of the prisoners about the system and its performance. The study included 540 prisoners selected by the criterion of purpose, and participation in the system imprisoned in facilities subordinate to the District Inspectorate of the Prison Service in Poznan. A survey was conducted from October 2008 to March 2009 in 3 closed units in order to obtain homogeneity of the survey sample. Test groups were randomized. It should be emphasized that the randomisation was made in a way which maintained the proportions between the juveniles and adults indicated above. Surveys with opinions of convicted were supplemented with structured interviews with a group of 30 prisoners selected by the randomization from the group surveyed. Studies have focused on issues such as motives of joining of the criminals to the system programmed interaction, participation of criminals in constructing individual programs of interactions and its determinants, the contents of individual programs, interactions, objectives, tasks, rights and obligations of prisoners, cooperation between the prisoners and their teachers in drafting of schemes. The results of the survey lead to the conclusion that the evaluation of the test by the respondents is generally positive in all the subgroups under study. Nevertheless, the prisoners clearly indicate that the use of this program had a formal, official character.

7

Foreigners in Polish prisons. The law and practice of taking into account cultural differences

76%

Buczkowski K. , Drapała K.

Biuletyn Kryminologiczny

|

2017

|

nr 24

31-37

EN

Polish executive law allows for the possibility of implementing an individualised approach to imprisonment in a system encompassing programmed, therapeutic or normal rehabilitation. Polish laws take into full account the Convention's standards on the prohibition of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1984 and the European Prison Rules issued by the Council of Europe. There are no specific provisions in Polish legislation relating to the imprisonment of foreigners, however, the guarantees of respect for dignity and cultural distinctiveness arise directly from the general principles for imprisonment. The number of foreigners incarcerated in Polish prisons is small. Every year, approximately 7,000 foreigners are convicted in Poland. Of this group, on average, 300 are servinga prison sentence. In this article we will outline the characteristics of this group of convicted criminals based on the available statistical data and in relation to the regulations in effect in Poland.

PL

Polish executive law allows for the possibility of implementing an individualised approach to imprisonment in a system encompassing programmed, therapeutic or normal rehabilitation. Polish laws take into full account the Convention's standards on the prohibition of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1984 and the European Prison Rules issued by the Council of Europe. There are no specific provisions in Polish legislation relating to the imprisonment of foreigners, however, the guarantees of respect for dignity and cultural distinctiveness arise directly from the general principles for imprisonment. The number of foreigners incarcerated in Polish prisons is small. Every year, approximately 7,000 foreigners are convicted in Poland. Of this group, on average, 300 are servinga prison sentence. In this article we will outline the characteristics of this group of convicted criminals based on the available statistical data and in relation to the regulations in effect in Poland. Polskie prawo wykonawcze zapewnia możliwość realizacji zasady indywidualizmu w odbywaniu kary pozbawiania wolności. Kara ta może być odbywana w systemie programowanego oddziaływania, terapeutycznym lub zwykłym. Polskie przepisy w pełni uwzględniają standardy Konwencji w sprawie zakazu stosowania tortur oraz innego okrutnego, nieludzkiego lub poniżającego traktowania lub karania, przyjętej przez Zgromadzenie Ogólne Narodów Zjednoczonych w 1984 roku oraz Europejskich Reguł Więziennych wydanych przez Radę Europy. W polskim ustawodawstwie nie ma przepisów szczególnych, które dotyczyłyby odbywania kary pozbawienia wolności przez cudzoziemców, jednak gwarancje poszanowania ich godności i odrębności kulturowych wynikają wprost z ogólnych zasad wykonywania kary pozbawienia wolności. Liczba cudzoziemców odbywających karę pozbawienia wolności w polskich zakładach karnych jest niewielka. Każdego roku prawomocnie skazywanych w Polsce jest około 7000 cudzoziemców. Z tej grupy przeciętnie 300 odbywa karę pozbawienia wolności. Artykuł przedstawia charakterystykę tej grupy skazanych w oparciu o dostępne dane statystyczne oraz w odniesieniu do obowiązujących w Polsce przepisów.

8

Prawa więźniów w perspektywie europejskiej ostatnich lat

76%

Van Zyl-Smit D. , Snacken S.

Archiwum Kryminologii

|

2009

|

nr XXXI

7-33

9

Szacunek i uznanie dla służb penitencjarnych jako warunek efektywnego wykonywania kary pozbawienia wolności

75%

Miłek K.

Roczniki Wydziału Nauk Prawnych i Ekonomicznych KUL

|

2009

|

tom 5

|

nr 1

69-83

EN

The article is devoted to the problem of execution of incarceration and the organs responsible for it. The author points to differences in views of punishment for crime and to the question of inflicting it; he also stresses that one of the most important conditions for effective execution of incarceration is respect and recognition for the work of the Prison Service. The low pay that prison officers receive, shortage of personnel in penitentiaries, shortcomings and faults of the prison infrastructure that in many cases is obsolete and does not meet modern standards, are some of the many problems that the Polish prison system has to tackle. All these negative facts, in consequence, very unfavorably influence rehabilitation effects in the prisoners.

10

Szacunek i uznanie dla służb penitencjarnych jako warunek efektywnego wykonywania kary pozbawienia wolności

75%

Miłek K.

Roczniki Wydziału Nauk Prawnych i Ekonomicznych KUL

|

2009

|

tom 5

|

nr 1 Prawo

69-83

EN

The article is devoted to the problem of execution of incarceration and the organs responsible for it. The author points to differences in views of punishment for crime and to the question of inflicting it; he also stresses that one of the most important conditions for effective execution of incarceration is respect and recognition for the work of the Prison Service. The low pay that prison officers receive, shortage of personnel in penitentiaries, shortcomings and faults of the prison infrastructure that in many cases is obsolete and does not meet modern standards, are some of the many problems that the Polish prison system has to tackle. All these negative facts, in consequence, very unfavorably influence rehabilitation effects in the prisoners.

11

Amerykański system penitencjarny a poziom inkarceracji weteranów wojennych

71%

Korolczuk A.

Studia z Polityki Publicznej

|

2017

|

tom 4

|

nr 1(13)

147-172

EN

There are about 2.2 million prisoners in the USA. It is generally viewed that this number is a result of a too severe penal system connected with the introduction of the absolute intolerance for drug crimes policy. But not only gang members and drug dealers are doing time in prison, this system also applies to war veterans. In 2012, there were 181,500 veterans behind bars, especially participants of the recent wars. Most of them face problems with addiction or struggle with permanent unemployment, homelessness or psychological disorders. This phenomenon is alarming because veterans as a privileged group have a social, medical, education cover and all capabilities not to break the law. Veterans as former soldiers, disciplined and well familiar with criminal law, who received ethics and international humanitarian law training courses, from practical point of view should not break the rules stated by the legal system. The image of former veterans who served their country, totally disagree with penitentiary statistics. Recent years have shown that military service, especially in the area of conflict, may become a double-edged sword, and in fact veterans may pose a threat to society

PL

W Stanach Zjednoczonych osadzonych w zakładach karnych jest około 2,2mln osób. Utrwalił się pogląd, że jest to wynik zbyt surowego systemu wymierzania kar związany z wprowadzeniem polityki bezwzględnej nietolerancji dla narkotyków. Wyroki odsiadują nie tylko członkowie gangów czy handlarze narkotyków, inkarceracja dotyczy również weteranów wojennych. W 2012 r. z powyższej liczby osadzonych penalizacja dotknęła 181,5tys. byłych mundurowych, zwłaszcza uczestników ostatnich wojen. To głównie weterani pozbawieni stałego zatrudnienia, dachu nad głową lub uzależnieni, zmagający się z problemami natury psychologicznej. Zjawisko jest o tyle niepokojące, że weterani jako grupa uprzywilejowana pod względem socjalnym, osłony medycznej czy edukacji posiadają wszelkie możliwości i narzędzia do tego, aby nie wchodzić w konflikt z prawem. Weterani jako byli żołnierze, zdyscyplinowani i doskonale znający przepisy karne, szkoleni z zasad etyki i prawa humanitarnego konfliktów zbrojnych, z praktycznego punktu widzenia nie powinni łamać zasad dyktowanych przez wymiar sprawiedliwości. Wizerunek byłego funkcjonariusza publicznego, pełniącego służbę na rzecz własnego kraju, kłóci się zupełnie ze statystykami penitencjarnymi. Wydarzenia ostatnich lat pokazały, że służba wojskowa, zwłaszcza w rejonie konfliktu może się stać obosiecznym mieczem, a weterani stanowić mogą zagrożenie dla społeczeństwa.

12

Vedoucí představitelé nacistické trestnice Mírov v letech okupace (1938–1945)

63%

Blatecká A.

Moderní dějiny: sborník k dějinám 19. a 20. století (Modern History: Studies into 19th and 20th century history)

|

2018

|

tom 26

|

nr 1

163-181

EN

This study gives an analysis of the leading officials working at the Nazi prison of Mírov during 1938-1945. Besides the personal life of prison officials, it also looks at their pre-war activities, political activities and their work at Mírov. The study particularly focuses on three figures – Augustin Mrha, Heinrich Brandstätter and Walter Bartl. Thus the study attempts to take a closer look at the history of the Mírov prison during the occupation period, and explain certain specific events which took place at Mírov, such as the prison’s transformation into an institute for prisoners suffering pulmonary disorders.

13

Proces readaptacji skazanych w perspektywie podejścia systemowego

63%

Dzierzyńska-Breś S.

Rocznik Pedagogiczny

|

2024

|

tom 46

195-210

EN

For years, studies on the negative effects of incarceration have focused solely on the experiences of the prisoner’s loved ones. However, these studies tend to describe the problem from the perspective of individual members, without considering the family as a whole. They pay attention to individuals, without analyzing the dynamic relationships among them or capturing the changing family context depending on the stage of the incarceration process or the family’s life cycle. The aim of this article is to emphasize the systems approach perspective. Its assumptions are valuable and can aid in com prehending family functioning in this complex situation.

PL

Przez wiele lat badania nad negatywnymi skutkami więzienia koncentrowały się wyłącznie na doświadczeniach bliskich osób osadzonych. Badania te jednak zazwyczaj opisują problem z perspektywy poszczególnych członków rodziny, nie uwzględniając jej całościowego kontekstu. Skupiają się na jednostkach, nie analizując dynamicznych relacji między nimi ani nie uwzględniając zmieniającego się kontekstu rodziny, zależnego od etapu procesu odbywania kary pozbawienia wolności lub cyklu życia rodziny. Celem tego artykułu jest podkreślenie perspektywy podejścia systemowego. Jego założenia są cenne i mogą pomóc w zrozumieniu funkcjonowania rodziny w tej skomplikowanej sytuacji.

14

Centra Sprawiedliwości Naprawczej i społeczny profil ich klientów.

51%

Peisert A. , Pilitowski B.

Profilaktyka Społeczna i Resocjalizacja

|

2017

|

tom 33-34

31-54

PL

Rozwijana w Polsce w okresie potransformacyjnym polityka karna wobec przestępstw mniejszej wagi doprowadziła na zasadzie nieprzewidzianych konsekwencji (Merton) do nadmiernej inkarceracji. Tymczasem najczęściej nie jest ona właściwym środkiem rozwiązywania problemu społecznego, jakim jest przestępczość pospolita, a bywa, że problem ten ulega w konsekwencji nasileniu. W tym kontekście poszukiwanie rozwiązań wpisujących się w amerykańską propozycję powiązania wymiaru sprawiedliwości z działaniami naprawczymi (problem-solving-justice), profilaktycznymi i resocjalizacyjnymi wydaje się właściwym, jeśli nie jedynym możliwym sposobem wyjścia z pułapki nadmiernej prizonizacji. Przeciwdziała także nadmiernemu rozwarstwieniu społecznemu. Dlatego też próby wprowadzania rozwiązań znanych jako community court, które w praktyce nie są̨ dodatkowym sądem, ale przede wszystkim systemem wsparcia służby kuratorskiej w jej dalekosiężnych (a w praktyce rzadko osiągalnych) zamierzeniach, zasługują na szczególną uwagę. W artykule przedstawiony jest portret społeczny klientów toruńskiego centrum sprawiedliwości naprawczej z 2015 r. Przedstawione w tekście wyniki pochodzą z wywiadów ewaluacyjnych oraz wywiadów diagnostycznych, prowadzonych w centrach sprawiedliwości naprawczej w Toruniu i Białymstoku, powstałych dzięki wsparciu finansowemu Narodowego Centrum Badań i Rozwoju z siedzibą w Warszawie, realizowanych w ramach programu „Innowacje Społeczne” pt. „Pilotażowe wdrożenie modelu »Community Court« w Polsce jako instytucjonalnego pomostu pomiędzy wymiarem sprawiedliwości, organami samorządowymi i organizacjami społecznymi ułatwiającego realizację sprawiedliwości naprawczej w praktyce”.

EN

The penal policy against minor offences developed in Poland in the post-transition period produced, as an unintended consequence (Merton), excessive incarceration rates. Meanwhile, incarceration is among the least effective means of addressing such social concerns as mass crime, and may even further aggravate the issue. In this context, the pursuit of solutions aligned with the American proposal to combine justice, corrective measures (problem-solving justice), prevention and rehabilitation seems to be an adequate, if not the only way out of the excessive prizonization trap. It also helps counteract excessive social stratification. For that reasons any attempts at introducing the solution commonly known as “community court” which in practice is not another court but the measure intended to support probation services in their far-reaching (and in practice rarely attainable) ambitions, deserve our special attention. The paper presents the social picture of clients of Corrective Justice Center in Toruń in 2015. Research results were established based on evaluation interviews and diagnostic interviews carried out in corrective justice centers in Toruń and Białystok. Centers were set up thanks to the financial support of the National Science and Research Center in Warsaw and were organized as a part of the “Social Innovations” Program, under the title “Pilot implementation of the Community Court Model in Poland as an institutional bridge between the justice, local government and social organizations, aimed at facilitating the realization of corrective justice in practice”.