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PL
Przedstawiono wyniki badań dotyczące umacniania warstwy wierzchniej stopu aluminium PA31 (ENAW-2618A) falą uderzeniową generowaną impulsem laserowym (LSP - Laser Shock Peening). Obejmowały one dobór parametrów umacniania LSP na badanym stopie aluminium, pomiary topografii powierzchni za pomocą profilografometru, a także badania zmęczeniowe w ograniczonym zakresie dla a =180 i 350 MPa. Jak wykazały badania w obydwu wariantach obciążeń zmęczeniowych bardzo istotny wpływ na trwałość próbek umocnionych laserowo ma wpływ topografia powierzchni oraz wytworzona mikrostruktura przypowierzchniowa. Uzyskane wyniki badań potwierdziły bardzo korzystny wpływ zastosowanej powierzchniowej obróbki umacniającej na wytrzymałość zmęczeniową. Stwierdzono ok. 58 % wzrost wytrzymałości zmęczeniowej przy dwustronnym zginaniu (a =180 MPa) oraz 48% wzrost wytrzymałości zmęczeniowej dla cyklicznego rozciągania (a =350 MPa).
EN
Results of studies on surface layer reinforcement of PA 31 (ENAW -2618 A) aluminum alloy, by means of a shock wave generated by impulse laser (LSP-Laser Shock Peening), are presented. They comprise a selection of reinforcement parameters for the investigated aluminum alloy, measurements of surface topography by a profilometer, as well as fatique strength testing in the range of a = 180 and 350 MPa. As test results in both cases of fatigue load show, surface topography and the produced subsurface microstructure have a substantial influence on the durability of laser reinforced samples. The results have confirmed a very advantageous effect of the applied surface reinforcement processing on the fatique strength. A 58% increase of fatique strength at both sided bend test and 48% increase of fatique strength at cyclic pull test (o = 350 MPa) were observed.
EN
The present investigation deals with the twodimensional deformation because of laser pulse heating in a thermoelastic microelongated layer with a thickness of 2d, which is immersed in an infinite nonviscous fluid. Normal mode analysis technique is applied to obtain the analytic expressions for displacement component, force stress, temperature distribution, and microelongation. The effect of elongation and laser pulse rise time on the derived components have been depicted graphically.
EN
In the present discussion, the plane strain deformation due to laser pulse heating in a thermoelastic microelongated solid has been discussed. The analytic expressions for displacement component, force stress, temperature distribution and micro-elongation have been derived. The effect of pulse rise time and micro-elongation on the derived components have been depicted graphically.
PL
Przeprowadzono badania naprężeń własnych cienkich warstw metodą Laser Spallation Technnique – LST. Krótkie, nanosekundowe impulsy o dużej energii zostały zastosowane do wywołania delaminacji cienkich warstw a geometria odspojenia do oceny naprężeń własnych. Badania przeprowadzono dla miękkiej i plastycznej warstwy tytanu oraz twardej i kruchej warstwy TiN. Obie warstwy zostały nałożone metodą PVD na podłoże ze stali kwasoodpornej 304. Wartość naprężenia otrzymana metodą LST została zweryfikowana na podstawie badań metodą rentgenowską. Uzyskane wyniki badań wykazały, że krótkie impulsy laserowe o odpowiedniej energii mogą być stosowane do oceny naprężeń własnych w przypadku cienkich warstw o dużej wartości naprężeń ściskających.
EN
The laser spallation technique was applied for measutement of residual stress of thin films. Two films of different properties, ductile and soft Ti, and hard and brittle TiN, were studied. The films were produced on 304 steel substrate by PVD method. The residual stress value obtained by laser spallation technique LST were compared with stress value from X-ray diffraction method. Good agreement of stress values measured by both methods was attained. It was shown that shock wave induced by a nanosecond laser pulse adequately determines properties of PVD thin films on metal substrate.
EN
Different metal (Sn, Al., steel, Cu, W) thin films were synthesized by reactive pulsed laser deposition on steel, copper and glass wafers. In our work pulsed Nd:glass (10J, 800 us) laser system was used. Jet of gas was created by electromagnetic valve perpendicularly to the laser beam. Nitrogen, oxygene and argon were used. We used several to tens laser shots to obtain visible with the naked eye layers, dependent on metal used to form the layer. Thin layers were observed under an optical microscope.
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EN
3D printing technology is currently used in various fields. Precision is also becoming more important as the usage of the 3D printing increases. However, the precision of the 3D printing is still low due to limitations of manufacturing methods. Especially, the surface roughness and quality are inconsistent. While the post-treatment is necessary, there are no systematic post-treatment methods. Thus, using the laser for the post-treatment of 3D printing would be a good option because it has many advantages for precision engineering. To be used for the post-treatment process, it is essential to understand the interaction characteristics between the laser and the 3D printing materials. Therefore, this study uses an UV pulsed laser and the acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), which is the most popular material for 3D printing, to understand the interaction characteristics. Furthermore, the effect of surface roughness on the interaction characteristics is also studied. The ABS specimens are prepared by an acetone fumigation technique and CNC milling. The laser is applied by varing laser pulse energy (50–340 μJ) on the ABS specimens. As the surface roughness decreases, it is confirmed that laser and ABS interaction have a certain pattern. For the specimen prepared by the acetone fumigation technique, Heat Affected Zone decreases with decreasing the laser pulse energy. The specimen prepared by end milling requires higher laser ablation threshold.
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EN
We introduced the coupled theory, Lord-Schulman theory with one relaxation time and Green-Lindsay theory with two relaxation times to study the influence of thermal loading due to laser pulse on generalized micropolar thermoelasticity. The bounding plane surface is heated by a non-Gaussian laser beam with the pulse duration of 8 ps. The methodology applied here is the use of normal mode analysis to solve the problem of thermal loading due to laser pulse to obtain the exact expressions for the displacement components, force stresses, temperature, couple stresses and microrotation. The distributions of the considered variables are illustrated graphically. Comparisons are made with the results predicted by three theories in the presence of laser pulse and for different values of time.
PL
W pracy zamieszczono wyniki pomiarów charakterystyk laserów stosowanych do obróbki materiałów. Zamieszczono schemat układu pomiarowego. Opisano charakterystyczne cechy wiązek Gaussowskich i sposób obliczania parametru M2, charakteryzującego jakość wiązki laserowej. Podano prawa podobieństwa dla różnych układów ogniskujących. Mierzono rozkłady gęstości energii w przekroju poprzecznym wiązki, czasowy kształt impulsu, stabilność mocy wiązki w funkcji czasu oraz wyznaczano parametr M2. Pomiary przeprowadzono dla lasera He-Ne, lasera włóknowego ciągłego działania SPI-100C o mocy 100 W, włóknowego lasera impulsowego Ylia M20EG oraz pikosekundowego lasera Nd:YAG. Podano przykłady czynników zwiększających błędy pomiarowe. Zamieszczono przykłady zastosowania wyników pomiarów do procesu znakowania laserowego.
EN
The results of measurements of characteristics of laser beams applied in processing of materials are described in the paper. The scheme of experimental setup is described. The specific properties of Gaussian laser beams are posted. The procedure for determination of laser beam quality parameter, the so called M2 parameter is discussed. The laws of similarity of beams focused by different lenses are included. Distributions of energy density in the beam cross-section, temporal pulse shape, stability of laser Power versus time were measured. The M2 parameter was calculated. The measurements were performed for He-Ne, fiber CW SPI-100C, pulsed Ylia M20EG and picosecond lasers. Some examples of factors influencing measurements errors are listed. Some examples of laser marking process are provided.
EN
The present investigation is concerned with vibration phenomenon of a homogeneous, isotropic thermoelastic microbeam with double porosity (TDP) structure induced by pulsed laser heating, in the context of Lord-Shulman theory of thermoelasticity with one relaxation time. Laplace transform technique has been applied to obtain the expressions for lateral deflection, axial stress, axial displacement, volume fraction field, and temperature distribution. The resulting quantities are recovered in the physical domain by a numerical inversion technique. Variations of axial displacement, axial stress, lateral deflection, volume fraction field, and temperature distribution with axial distance are depicted graphically to show the effect of porosity and laser intensity parameter. Some particular cases are also deduced.
PL
Przedstawiono wyniki badań eksperymentalnych odkształceń plastycznych metali wywołanych impulsem laserowym. Badania przeprowadzono na laserze Nd:YAG o długości fali promieniowania 1064 nm i czasie impulsu laserowego 10 ns. Indukowaną impulsem laserowym falę uderzeniową wykorzystano do wywołania lokalnego odkształcenia plastycznego powierzchni materiałów. Przeprowadzono analizę możliwości wykorzystania badanego procesu do opracowania nowej metody pomiaru twardości dynamicznej materiałów.
EN
The paper presents experimental data of surface plastic deformation of 304 steel and two aluminum alloys caused by nanosecond laser pulse. The experiments were conducted on Nd:YAG laser on 1064 nm wavelength and 10 ns. The pressure wave was use to induced local surface plastic deformation of materials. The analysis of the possibilities of using the process to develop a new method for measuring dynamic hardness of materials under very high strain rate is shown.
EN
The aim of this paper is to introduce the Green-Naghdi (G-N) theory of type III (with energy dissipation) to study the effect of thermal loading due to laser pulse on generalized micropolar thermoelastic homogeneous isotropic medium in three dimensions. The normal mode analysis technique is used to solve the resulting non-dimensional equations of the problem. Numerical results for the displacement, thermal stress, strain, temperature, couple stresses and micro-rotation distributions are represented graphically to display the effect of the laser pulse on the resulting quantities. Comparisons are made within the theory in the presence and absence of the laser pulse.
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