Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Environmental influences on propagation of explosive wave on the dynamic response of plate

100%

Barnat W.

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences

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2014

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tom Vol. 62, nr 3

423--429

EN

The purpose of this article is to present the influence of the environment on the propagation of a shock wave and the dynamic response of the plate load by a shock wave. In the course of research in this field an experimental study was performed. An experimental study concerns the test plate loaded by a shock wave, formed after the detonation of an explosive device with equivalent weighing of TNT equal to 1 kg. During numerical investigations environmental impacts have been tested on the dynamic response disc. The considered environments of explosions were air water and soil. A model of the phenomenon has been prepared using commercial software MSC DYTRAN.

2

Experimental investigation of ied interrogation arm during normal operation

100%

Barnat W. , Gotowicki P. , Kiczko A. , Dybcio P. , Szczepaniak M. , Jasiński W.

Journal of KONES

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2012

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tom Vol. 19, No. 4

571-575

EN

The paper presents experimental static tests of IED interrogation arm for Shiba special vehicle. The test was performed by Military University of Technology and Military Institute of Engineer Technology. A number of strain gauges and camera markers were placed on the arm to allow recording strains and movements of specific construction points. The arm's motion was recorded using high speed camera. The equipment used were Vishay EA 06 120LZ 120 strain gauges with ESAM Traveller bridge. The sampling rate was 1000 Hz. The test was to pick up maximum design weight, move it to maximum overhang and then drop it on the ground. During the test, signal from gauges and video capture was recorded. The data was then processed using Thema 3D software to obtain markers displacements and angular changes of both arm parts. Afterwards, the test was repeated for different weight. The analysis showed, that maximum stresses in examined construction parts did not exceed yield stress of material. As well as that, in-depth motion analysis of the arm was conducted. Further works are twofold. Firstly, there will be tests concerning arm under dynamic load occurring during normal maintenance During this test only strains in specific construction parts will be recorded. Secondly, numerical model of an arm will be developed and validated using data obtained during both tests. This will help visualize stress distribution in each arm's part.

3

Numerical analysis of the influence of blast wave on human body

100%

Sławiński G. , Niezgoda T. , Barnat W. , Wojtkowski M.

Journal of KONES

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2013

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tom Vol. 20, No. 3

381--386

EN

Threats for military personnel during combat missions nowadays are of different sources. Further development of methods for neutralization of mines or improvised explosive devices (IED) explosions must be preceded by identification of the impact phenomenon on crew of the military vehicle. Large accelerations cause injury to a person located in the interior of the vehicle and may lead to permanent disability exempting soldiers from the battlefield. Information about overload coming from the explosion of IEDs on humans are difficult to access or not sufficiently detailed. Therefore, the basis for their acquisition is conducting experimental research and modelling. The paper is presents finite element analysis of blast wave effects on a human body simulated by a numerical 50th percentile HYBRID III dummy. Coupled Euler and Lagrange (ALE) formulations are used in the finite element analysis of such problems to accurately represent the detonation phenomenon. Numerical model was developed in LS-PrePost software. All the computational analyses were carried out using an explicit LS-DYNA solver on multiprocessor cluster. Data such as hip and knee moment of inertia, femoral force, and foot acceleration are collected from the numerical dummy, which simulates the occupant’s response. These data are then compared to injury threshold values from various references to assess survivability

4

Introduction to modelling side IED explosion influence on special military vehicle

100%

Barnat W. , Sławiński G. , Moneta G. , Panowicz R.

Journal of KONES

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2012

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tom Vol. 19, No. 4

15-20

EN

One of the most endangering and challenging threats during recent warfare are explosions of Improvised Explosive Devices (IED) and their destructive influence on a light armoured vehicle. Providing sufficient protection is the most challenging issue which can be achieved thanks to complex studies and a proper design process. The article presents preliminary numerical analyses of side explosion near a special military vehicle with regards to newdeveloped standards. The results were used to modify the existing hull and enhance its protection capabilities against critical charge to provide better protection for personnel inside the vehicle. A numerical model was developed in LSPrePost software. All the computational analyses were carried out using an explicit LS-Dyna solver, where material properties of finite elements were described by the Johnson-Cook material model with the basic parameters specified in the standard tensile tests. Due to time consuming simulations, the Linux-based computational cluster was adopted. The setup (mass of the explosive, distance between explosive charge and vehicle, etc.) was taken from military codes. In their computational research, the authors performed also a kind of a sensitivity study changing some of parameters. Pressure, stress distribution and plastic deformations vehicle structure were analyzed.

5

Experimental investigation of selected explosion parameters for numerical model

100%

Barnat W. , Gieleta R. , Niezgoda T.

Journal of KONES

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2012

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tom Vol. 19, No. 4

9-13

EN

The aim of presented work is examination of blast wave, especially incident and reflected wave pressure. Due to many difficulties and complexity of phenomenon a complete study for different charges should be done. In presented paper two cylindrical TNT charges were used, weighting respectively 100 g and 200 g. Pressure wave was examined using original test stand designed and developed on Department of Mechanics and Applied Computer Science. A test steel test plate with 5 mm thickness was equipped with pressure gauge to measure reflected wave. Additionally, the plate was placed on four special electroresistance strain gauges...To measure force Vishay EA-06-120-060LZ strain gauges were used. For amplification of the dynamometers with strain gauges, MS1001 INFEL bridge was used. The system was used to validate the results from reflected wave pressure gauge. Shock wave pressures was measured using a special sensor model 137A21 amd M350B21 made by PCB Piezotronics At specific distance there was also incident wave pressure gauge. In order to fully examine the dynamic response of the plate an accelerometer was used. As a result, pressure versus time and acceleration versus time plots were obtained. The results will be used to validate numerical model of blast wave impact on a plate.

6

Experimental investigation of deflector's angle influence on energy absorption

100%

Gieleta R. , Barnat W. , Niezgoda T.

Journal of KONES

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2012

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tom Vol. 19, No. 4

201-205

EN

Numerical simulations without preliminary validation and model verification are vulnerable to errors. Best results are obtained when full experimental research is provided. Such tests are expensive and may be dangerous. Due to cost control and personnel safety, studies are often done in scale. Scale can affect both construction dimensions and applied load. In this paper four different vehicle's bottoms are examined: flat bottom and 3 types of deflectors. The paper presents four different vehicle's bottom shapes in order to examine deflector angle influence on energy absorption. The test included 4 cases: flat bottom broken-shaped deflector and deflectors with different apex angles 124 centigrade and 144 centigrade. For all cases the distance between explosive and panel was approximately 400 mm. The charge used was 100 g TNT. Flat bottom and deflectors were made of St3 steel with 2 mm thickness. For the purpose of the research a special test stand to examine effects of detonation wave was used. The force measurement system was designed in Department of Mechanics and Applied Computer Science. As a result, force versus time plots were obtained. The use of any deflector decreases maximum force affecting vehicle's hull.

7

Budowa i użycie prowizorycznych urządzeń wybuchowych

100%

Ciszewski T. , Mondel A.

Szybkobieżne Pojazdy Gąsienicowe

|

2012

|

tom nr 2 (30)

77--88

PL

W artykule zaprezentowano przykłady budowy i użycia prowizorycznych urządzeń wybuchowych ang. Improvised Explosive Device (IED) w aspekcie bezpieczeństwa wojsk uczestniczących w konfliktach asymetrycznych. Artykuł opracowano na podstawie dostępnej wiedzy, badań własnych oraz doświadczeń praktycznych autorów, wynikających z udziału w misjach poza granicami kraju.

EN

In this article, the examples of construction and deployment of Improvised Explosive Devices (IED) are presented in the aspect of safety of armies involved in asymmetric conflicts outside of their countries. Moreover, the course of action required to counteract the threats of IED are discussed (in the form of the training, technique or technology).

8

Cases of using improvised explosive devices

100%

Motrycz G.

Szybkobieżne Pojazdy Gąsienicowe

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2017

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tom nr 2 (44)

95--108

EN

The paper presents an analysis of the cases of the use of improvised explosive devices (IED) in 2011 where vehicles of the Polish Military Contingent in Afghanistan were involved. Methods of IED use and methods of their detonation are described. Conclusions refer to the implemented preventive measures, recommended modifications in the design of military vehicles and guidelines for their use.

9

Improwizowane urządzenia wybuchowe stosowane w konflikcie irackim

88%

Saska P.

Szybkobieżne Pojazdy Gąsienicowe

|

2009

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tom nr 1 (24)

95--110

PL

W artykule dokonano klasyfikacji improwizowanych urządzeń wybuchowych (IED), używanych przez ugrupowania terrorystyczne w działaniach przeciwko wojskom USA i ich koalicjantom. Prowizoryczne ładunki wybuchowe w ciągu ostatnich kliku lat stały się popularnym środkiem walki z dobrze wyszkolonym i wyposażonym przeciwnikiem. Doświadczenia irackie pokazały i niestety wciąż pokazują, iż jest to broń, która zadaje najwięcej strat wojskom koalicyjnym, jak również przypadkowej ludności cywilnej.

EN

Improvised explosive device is a “homemade” device that is designed to cause death or injury by using explosives alone or in combination with toxic chemicals, biological toxins, or radiological material. Improvised explosive devices have been responsible for many of deaths in Iraq. The author presents types of IED and construction details of these devices. The article also provides overall characteristics of IED’s attacks in Iraq.

10

Dynamic response of mine flail structure subjected to blast loading

88%

Barnat W. , Gotowicki P. , Kiczko A. , Dybcio P. , Szczepaniak M. , Jasiński W. , Krysiak P.

Journal of KONES

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2013

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tom Vol. 20, No. 3

21--27

EN

The paper presents experimental test of mine flail structure designed for a prototype of the Shiba special military vehicle. The Shiba vehicle is equipped with such structure to neutralize mine and IED threats which are one of the most harmful weapons used during modern warfare and peacekeeping missions. The experimental test was performed by the Military Institute of Engineer Technology and the Military University of Technology. The test procedure was based on NATO standards. Detonation of 8 kg TNT AT mine under wheel of the prototype was taken into consideration as a case of possible load during mine clearance operation on the battlefield. The test procedure included deformation measurements of selected parts of mine flail structure. During the tests, strain gauges and camera markers were placed on the structure to allow recording of strains and observation of the specific construction point’s movements. The motion was recorded using three high-speed Phantom cameras. Vishay EA-06-120LZ-120 strain gauges with ESAM Traveler bridge with sampling rate 100 kHz were used for strain measurements. The test was performed on military proving ground. As a result, strain versus time plots were obtained. The results were processed using ESAM software. Strain gauges were placed paired in specific structure points. High-speed camera recordings were obtained to visualize the process of structure response. The sequences of selected frames are shown. Pictures of deformed structure are presented.

11

Numerical study on the modification effect of the seat load acting on a soldier during the blast wave derived from IED explosion

88%

Sławiński G. , Dziewulski P. , Niezgoda T. , Malesa P.

Journal of KONES

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2016

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tom Vol. 23, No. 3

465--472

EN

The structure of a vehicle located in the explosion area of an anti-vehicle mine or an IED is subject to a strong impact of a blast wave. The explosion of a mine produces a blast wave that travels in all directions at a speed greater than the speed of sound. The level of risk to the crew of a military vehicle depends on their distance from the place of detonation, on the vehicle’s design and in particular on the design of the bottom of the hull and on the assembly and type of seats. The article provides the analysis of the impact of a side explosion on the crew of an armoured vehicle. Since the new classified version of the AEP-55 document, which defines the conditions for testing the resistance of military vehicles to explosions affecting their side, is not available, it was assumed in the numerical analysis that the charge weight of the explosive device is 100 kg TNT, placed between the central vehicle axles at the distance of 400 mm from the bottom and 1,000 mm from the lower board. Two cases were analysed: one where the Hybrid III dummy was placed on the reference seat and the other where it was placed on a modified seat. The analysis is conducted using the LS-DYNA explicit code. Only the vehicle’s hull is considered with suspension and the turret is modelled with mass.

12

Investigation of human body exposed to blast wave derived from improvised explosive devices

88%

Sławiński G. , Dziewulski P. , Niezgoda T.

Journal of KONES

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2015

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tom Vol. 22, No. 4

287--294

EN

The analysis of contemporary military conflicts shows, that the most dangerous threat for soldiers are Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs). Blast resistance of military vehicles and structures is broadly discussed in many articles. However, information about human body response to impact loading is hard to find and very general. Both experi-mental trials with dummies and numerical analyses are needed. To design and develop better protection system it is necessary to identify and measure the effects of blast wave impact on crew of military vehicle. This paper presents numerical simulation results of special armoured vehicle subjected to mine threat of 8 and 10 kg of TNT. Possible effects of mine explosion on human body are described. Review of modern-mine and IED countermeasure solutions is presented. The analysis is conducted using LS-DYNA explicit code. Only vehicle’s hull is considered with suspension and turret is modelled using mass. Gravity is taken into account. Numerical model of Hybrid-III dummy is used. Accelerations and forces in tibia, neck and spine were calculated. HIC-36 criterion was also evaluated Different types of possible seat configuration are examined. Results show convergence between explosive size and injury risk.

13

Zarządzanie sytuacją kryzysową w środowisku zagrożonym IED

75%

Ciszewski T.

Zeszyty Naukowe / Wyższa Szkoła Oficerska Wojsk Lądowych im. gen. T. Kościuszki

|

2010

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tom Nr 3

205-224

PL

W artykule przedstawiono problemy zagrozeń wojsk w operacjach poza granicami kraju wynikające z użycia improwizowanych urządzeń wybuchowych (Improvised Explosive Device - IED). Główną uwagę skupiono na zarządzaniu sytuacją kryzysową w środowisku zagrożonym stosowaniem IED. Szczegółowe treści artykułu stanowią kwestie związane z wykorzystaniem IED jako środka rażenia, budową i taktyką ich użycia w konflikcie asymetrycznym oraz etapami i parametrami incydentu IED.

EN

The author of this article presents the problems of threats to armed forces in military operations overseas resulting from the use of improvised explosive devices (IEDs). The main emphasis is put on crisis situation management in an IED environment. The article presents the issues of using IED as munitions, the structure of such devices, their tactical use in an asymmetrical conflict, stages as well as parameters of IED incidents and rules of crisis management.

14

AEGIS — demonstrator technologii C-IED

75%

Ambroziak S. J. , Katulski R. J. , Sadowski J. , Stefański J.

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Marynarki Wojennej

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2013

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tom R. 54 nr 1 (192)

7--18

PL

W artykule przedstawiono budowę i działanie opracowanego na Politechnice Gdańskiej demonstratora technologicznego systemu AEGIS, przeznaczonego do przeciwdziałania atakom z wykorzystaniem prowizorycznych urządzeń wybuchowych detonowanych drogą radiową (RCIED — Radio Controlled Improvised Explosive Devices). Przedstawiono zaimplementowaną oryginalną metodę generowania sygnału zagłuszającego o dowolnie ukształtowanym widmie częstotliwościowym, będącą przedmiotem zgłoszenia patentowego o numerze P.398050.

EN

The article presents a technology demonstrator of AEGIS system, destined for Countering Improvised Explosives Devices. An implemented original method of generation of the jamming signal with freely shaped frequency spectrum is also presented. This method is a subject of patent application No. P.398050.

15

Przypadki użycia improwizowanych urządzeń wybuchowych

75%

Motrycz G.

Szybkobieżne Pojazdy Gąsienicowe

|

2017

|

tom nr 2 (44)

29--42

PL

W artykule przedstawiono analizę przypadków użycia improwizowanych urządzeń wybuchowych z udziałem pojazdów kontyngentu Polskich Sił Zbrojnych w Afganistanie w 2011 r. Na podstawie zebranych przypadków opisano metody ich użycia oraz sposoby detonacji ładunków przez przeciwnika. We wnioskach odniesiono się do wprowadzonych działań zapobiegawczych – zalecanych zmian w konstrukcji i wytycznych w zakresie eksploatacji pojazdów wojskowych.

EN

The paper presents an analysis of the cases of the use of improvised explosive devices (IED) in 2011 where vehicles of the Polish Military Contingent in Afghanistan were involved. Methods of IED use and methods of their detonation are described. Conclusions refer to the implemented preventive measures, recommended modifications in the design of military vehicles and guidelines for their use.

16

Sprzęt specjalistyczny oraz służby jako konstytutywne czynniki systemu bezpieczeństwa w przeciwdziałaniu użyciu IED w transporcie lotniczym

75%

Cywiński A.

Studia Bezpieczeństwa Narodowego

|

2018

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tom R. 8, Nr 14

347--369

PL

Artykuł przedstawia problem, jakim są IED (improwizowane urządzenia wybuchowe) w transporcie lotniczym. Skutecznemu przeciwdziałaniu ich użyciu służą właściwe przepisy bezpieczeństwa, które scharakteryzowano we wcześniejszych publikacjach. W opracowaniu skupiono się na takich czynnikach jak służby bezpieczeństwa działające w rejonie lotniska oraz na sprzęcie specjalistycznym, jaki wykorzystują w swojej pracy. W dalszej części dokonano podziału sprzętu specjalistycznego, który wykorzystywany jest w systemach bezpieczeństwa w portach lotniczych. Scharakteryzowano jego możliwości oraz etapy, na których jest wykorzystywany w przypadku wykrycia IED. Zaprezentowano warunki oraz procedury użycia sprzętu specjalistycznego przez upoważnione służby w warunkach zagrożenia wybuchem IED.

EN

The problem of IED (improvised explosive devices) in air transport is of essence in the article. It is understood that the proper safety regulations can be an effective prevention against its threats, and this has been characterized also in author’s previous publications. In presented current research the author focuses on such factors as the security services operating in the area of the airport, and the special equipment used in their work. Description and their proper alignment within the airport security system is also presented, as well as their capabilities and stages used when detecting the IED. In addition, the conditions and procedures for the use of specialized equipment by authorized services under IED explosion conditions are also described.

17

Badanie reakcji na bodziec inicjujący oraz wyznaczenie zdolności miotajacych wypełnień improwizowanych urządzeń wybuchowych

75%

Steckiewicz A. , Trzciński W. A.

Biuletyn Wojskowej Akademii Technicznej

|

2007

|

tom Vol. 56, nr 4

223-242

PL

W pracy zbadano odpowiedź na silny bodziec inicjujący wytypowanych, nieidealnych kompozycji wybuchowych, najczęściej stosowanych w improwizowanych urządzeniach wybuchowych. Materiały wybuchowe umieszczane były w zamkniętych, ciężkich obudowach - mufach żeliwnych i rurach stalowych. Odpowiedź materiału wybuchowego na impuls inicjujący opkreślono na podstawie wielkości i ilości odzyskanych odłamków. Przeprowadzono również dla wybranych kompozycji wybuchowych tzw. test cylindryczny, czyli rejestrację za pomocą rentgenografii impulsowej procesu napędzania cylindrycznej rurki miedzianej produktami detonacji. Wykonanie testu cylindrycznego umożliwiło oszacowanie zdolności miotających badanych kompozycji - wyznaczono tzw. energię i predkość Gurneya.

EN

The reaction of non-ideal explosives, often used as fillings in improvised explosive devices, on a strong stimulus was tested. The explosives placed in closed heavy containers - cast iron muffs and steel tubes. The response of an explosive to initiating stimulus was determined on the basis of size and quantity of fragments. For chosen explosive compositions, the so-called test, i.e., X-ray registration of the acceleration process of a copper tube by the detonation products, was also carried out. The results of the cylinder test enable us to determine the ballistic ability of the tested compositions by estimation of Gurney energy and velocity.

18

Influence of armoured vehicle's bottom shape on the pressure impulse

75%

Barnat W. , Panowicz R. , Niezgoda T.

Journal of KONES

|

2011

|

tom Vol. 18, No. 1

39-46

EN

This paper presents the results of a numerical analysis of military vehicles hulls mine resistance. The research concerns armours loaded with blast wave from large IED charges in three cases. First is an explosion in Euler domain without any boundary conditions. Second consists of Euler domain with flat bottom and the ground. Third is simulated Euler domain with ground and deflector. Boundary conditions used both in second and third case resulted in growth of the pressure impulse due to the reflection from a rigid obstacle. In the article different hull bottom shapes are compared. The gap between the bottom and the ground is fixed in all cases. Explosion in Euler domain without limitations is added as a reference. The blast wave caused by the detonation (simulated as a point detonation) propagated in cubic mesh with appropriate boundary conditions. Theoretical solution of spherical non-linearity is given in a form of Taylor equations. It was used to verify the numerical model. The research showed that the ground proximity affects the results of the simulation. The pressure impulse is amplified due to the wave reflection from both the bottom of the vehicle and the ground. As well as that, the study confirmed that the usage of the deflector considerably reduces the impact load to the structure.

19

Experimental and Theoretical Determination of Water-Jet Velocity for Disruptor Application Using High Speed Videography

75%

Parate B. A. , Chandel S. , Shekhar H. , Mahto V.

Problemy Mechatroniki : uzbrojenie, lotnictwo, inżynieria bezpieczeństwa

|

2019

|

tom Vol. 10, Nr 2 (36)

23--41

EN

Experimental and theoretical determination of water-jet velocity using high speed videography for disruptor application is reported in this paper. Water-jet disruptor extensively uses the water as a liquid projectile. It helps to destroy improvised explosive devices (IEDs) or explosive devices (EDs) by breaking detonating cord in the system, making it non-operational. The use of such system against suspected objects is a fashion that continues to be met tremendous achievement. Such a device is also known as explosive ordnance disposal (EOD) disruptor. It is used by bomb technicians or squad to make disable and/or neutralize at a safe distance. The primary purpose of an EOD disruptor is to remotely open or provide destruction to suspected objects. To “remotely open” is to open the suspect objects, exposing their contents. “Provide destruction” means penetrating, cutting, or removing the components of the fusing system in order to make them disable. A secondary purpose of a disruptor is to create a means of access (for example, through a window or door of vehicle or into a trunk). Double and single base propellants are used in the experimental trials for assessing water-jet velocities. An attempt has been made to validate the water-jet velocity using experimentally high speed videography for the first time and making its theoretical analysis by conducting the various trials at a laboratory with different propellants. The stand-off distance between disruptor and target is 0.5 m. This kind of research work is not reported in open access till the date. This is the newness of this research work. The experimental water-jet velocity for single base propellant varies from 349.63 to 503.56 m/s and for double base propellant it varies from 515.07 to 890 m/s. The theoretical water-jet velocity for single base and double base propellant works out to be as 616.44 m/s and 692.62 m/s respectively. From this research study, it is concluded that there is good agreement between theoretical and experimental results.

20

IED : współczesne zagrożenie dla infrastruktury krytycznej i bezpieczeństwa państwa

75%

Cywiński A.

Studia Bezpieczeństwa Narodowego

|

2017

|

tom R. 7, Nr 12

305--333

PL

IED – improwizowane urządzenia wybuchowe znane są od dziesiątek lat i były wykorzystywane w XX wieku. Ich dynamiczny rozwój przypada na okres ostatnich trzydziestu lat. IED stały się obecnie nowym narzędziem w rękach terrorystów i stanowią zagrożenie dla bezpieczeństwa państw Europy. W pierwszej części artykułu zaprezentowano charakterystykę IED, oraz ich podział będący doświadczeniem z okresu wojny w Iraku i Afganistanie. W dalszej części przedstawiono zagrożenie jakie niesie za sobą użycie IED w miejscach infrastruktury krytycznej w krajach europejskich.

EN

IED − improvised explosive devices have been known for decades and were used in the twentieth century. Their dynamic development has been seen during the last thirty years. IEDs have now become a new tool in the terrorists’ hands and present a danger for the security of European countries. The first part of the paper presents the characteristics of the IEDs and their classification, which comes from the experiences learned through the Iraqi and Afghanistan wars. The danger posed by using IEDs in critical infrastructure areas in European countries is presented in the second part of this article.