Instalacje wentylacyjne i klimatyzacyjne w budynkach stanowią istotny czynnik w zabezpieczeniu środowiska wewnętrznego w sytuacji wystąpienia nadzwyczajnego stężenia powietrza atmosferycznego czynnikami chemicznymi lub biologicznymi, wydzielonymi w sposób zamierzony lub przypadkowy. Omówiono czynniki mające wpływ na ochronę jakości powietrza wewnętrznego.
EN
Ventilation and air conditioning systems in buildings is an important factor of internal environment security in situations of emergency atmospheric air concentration caused by chemical or biological agents emitted accidentally or deliberately. The factors affecting the protection of indoor air quality are discussed.
The paper is focused on two crucial landscape-forming aspects: linear elements (watercourses, linear tree plantings, road network) and neighbouring edges of landscape segments, or ecotones. Linear elements accentuate the character of landscape, its division, pattern, and contribute significantly to landscape passability and its diversity. The edges of neighbouring landscape segments not only create the spatial arrangement of landscape, but they also are important habitats for plants and animals. So they are irreplaceable for the maintenance of ecological stability of landscape and they are an important element of its biodiversity. The analysis of trends of changes in the length of linear elements and ecotone edges was performed in three time horizons: in the first half of the 19th century, in the 1960s, and at the present time. The evaluation was done in four model territories. Ous paper evaluates the sinuosity of linear elements (roads and railways, watercourses, dirt roads, linear tree plantings) and the lengths of common borders of segments of arable land – permanent grasslands and arable land – forests.
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