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EN
The postulated intramolecular signaling in immunoglobulins generated by antigen binding has been controversial for years. The high heterogeneity of immune complexes as signaling systems and the requirement of the immobilized antigen form for efficient triggering of effector activity is likely the reason for the lack of clarity. Here we present new evidence supporting the notion of intramolecular signaling, based on the use of supramolecular dyes that bind to signal-derived specific sites in immunoglobulins.
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EN
Cardiac myosin binding protein C is the object of analysis presented in this paper. The fuzzy oil drop model was applied to analyze the status of the hydrophobic core in two forms of this protein: WT and R502W mutant. The status of the mutant is revealed to be of lower stability than the WT form. The high order of the hydrophobic core is interpreted as the factor of stability of the tertiary structure. The muscle proteins, which undergo significant structural changes as the consequence of external stretching forces, are expected to return to initial structures after the release of an external force. The mutant R502W appears to represent lower stability; thus, the return to the initial structure may be of lower probability. The comparable analysis to other muscle domains (titin) and immunoglobulin domains suggests the very subtle relation to the biological activity of these proteins.
EN
The aim of the experiments conducted was to modify the indirect ELISA to determine different immunoglobulin classes in the reaction of antibodies with bovine leukaemia virus. Rabbit sera immunized against bovine IgG₁, IgG₂ and IgM as well as serum conjugates were used in the modified method. Examinations of 100 reference serum samples from BLV-infected animals and 50 samples from BLV-free animals allowed us to establish the optimum dilution of the components used and the threshold optical densities of the test.
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1999
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tom 46
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nr 2
EN
Most of glycoproteins described so far, including immunoglobulins, are glycosylated during post-translational modifications of protein molecules. Current knowledge of the structure of sugar chains in immunoglobulin molecules and their biological role in health and pathology is reviewed.
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tom 51
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nr 1
EN
Seven healthy dogs were administered with methylprednisolone orally (2 mg/kg body weight/d) at the beginning of the study (between 0-10 d), then the dosing was decreased at 10 d intervals throughout 10 to 60 d in an alternate-day therapy programme. Drug administration to the dogs was stopped on the 60 d. Total leukocyte count; polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and neutrophil ratios increased and eosinophil, mononuclear leukocytes, lymphocyte, and monocyte ratios were decrease when these values were compared to changes between days. Furthermore, in lymphocyte subsets, B lymphocytes and CD 8 T lymphocytes ratios were found to decrease. In addition, CD 3 T lymphocyte ratios decreased on the 61 d and CD 4 T lymphocyte ratios increased on the 21, 41, 51 and 61 d. IgM and IgG levels decreased between the days. Serum total ADA and ADA 1 activities decreased during the application, but ADA 2 activity did not change significantly. As a result, after immunosuppressive dose of methylprednisolone application, reduction in the ADA and ADA 1 activity can be used as determinant of the suppression of immune system components.
EN
The aim of the study was the determination of IgA, IgM and IgG concentrations in porcine serum and colostrum, in order to evaluate their variations in the perinatal period, as well as to clarify whether there is a correlation between colostrum intake, initial level of immunoglobulins (Ig) in piglet serum and development of their own immunity. The mean IgA, IgM and IgG concentrations in sow serum 10 days before parturition were 1.58, 6.12 and 39.56 mg/ml, respectively. Seven days later only the IgG level was insignificantly lower (34.94 mg/ml, p=0.55), while concentrations of IgA and IgM increased to 2.25 and 7.25 mg/ml, respectively (p=0.23 and 0.62, respectively). The mean initial IgG concentration in colostrum at farrowing was 118.5 mg/ml and differed between sows. The average value of IgA in colostrum at birth was 23.8 mg/ml and decreased to 7.85 mg/ml at 6 hours (h) and to 4.59 mg/ml at 24 h after the onset of farrowing. IgM concentration at birth was 12.1 mg/ml and decreased to 4.23 mg/ml at 24 h postpartum. Positive relationships were found between concentrations of IgM and IgA in serum of piglets at 14 and 56 days of life (r = 0.41 and 0.80, respectively, p≤0.05) as well as for IgG concentration in the piglets serum at 7 days and 56 days of age (r = 0.48, p≤0.05). The above observations suggest that there is a correlation between the level of Ig in piglet serum in the first days of life and improvement of their own immunity.
EN
The aim of this study has been to determine the effect of a diet containing β-carotene and omega-3 fatty acids on the biochemical and nonspecific humoral immunity indicators and on the results of rearing calves to day 60 of life. The study was conducted in 2011-2012, on a herd of Polish Holstein-Friesian cows. 54 calves from the herd were divided into 3 groups, 18 animals in each: CTR, TRT1 and TRT2. During the colostral period lasting for 5 days after birth, calves were drinking the mother’s colostrum. From 6 to 60 days, calves were watered milk replacer formulation. The control group (CTR) consisted of calves after the colostral period given milk replacer formulation without any supplementation. In the two other groups, calves received milk replacers with the supplementation of b-carotene (TRT1 group) in the amount of 25 mg/calf/day or a suspension of liver omega-3 oil (TRT2 group) in the amount of 5g/calf/day. All calves received solid feed ad libitum. The research showed that the parameters of the metabolic profile of calves (ALT, ASP, CHOL, GLU, UREA, ALP, TG, CRE) were within the normal range, indicating good health of the calves. Moreover, the supplementation had a positive impact on the chosen immunological parameters, including a higher IgG concentration, especially at the end of the milk drinking period. The result of B-carotene in a diet was the highest daily gain in the period from 30 to 60 days of life among the analysed groups of calves. No such effect was achieved in the TRT2 group of calves, as their body weight was the lowest. However, noteworthy is the beneficial impact of beta-carotene and omega-3 oil on the non-specific humoral immunity parameters, which was manifested by fewer cases of clinical diarrhoea and upper respiratory tract diseases.
EN
The research was conducted on clinically healthy mares (n=40) and foals (n=78) duringY. pseudotuberculosis associated enzootics. The animals were divided into groups: I to IV – mares, IA to IVA – their offsprings, IB to IVB – foals which mothers were not treated with any medicaments. The animals in group I, IA and IB were injected with PBS; in group II, IIA and IIB – with Y. pseudotuberculosis strain-based vaccine, in group III, IIIA and IIIB – with P. acnes strain-based immunostimulator; in group IV, IVA and IVB – with P. acnes strain-based immunostimulator and (5 days after the immunostimulator injection)Y. pseudotuberculosis strain-based vaccine. The presence of antibodies was determined by means of ELISA. The study revealed anti-Yersinia pseudotuberculosis IgG only in 19 mares before, and in 25 mares and 26 foals 3 weeks after vaccination. The mean extinction 3 weeks after vaccination amounted to: II-0.489, IV-2.578, IIA-0.572, IVA-0.974, IIB-0.312, IVB-0.418. The cut-off extinction value was 0.154. The presence of anti-Yersinia pseudotuberculosis IgG before vaccination in the sera of clinically healthy mares may suggest that Y. pseudotuberculosis infection occurs definitely more often than is expected. Vaccination preceded by immunostimulation appeared to be the most efficient method of treatment against yersiniosis.
EN
The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of energy contents in a dry period diets in “7+1” feeding strategy of dry cow including 7 weeks of the dry period (far-off) and 1 week of a close-up period, on colostrum quality and the immune status of calves. Forty Holstein multiparous cows were dried at 56d before the expected date of calving and were assigned to the higher energy diet group (HE; 0.69 UFL/kg DM, NDF 52% DM), or the lower energy diet group (LE; 0.61 UFL/1kg DM, NDF 56% DM). From -7d to the expected calving date up to 21 d of lactation, all cows were fed the same fresh, lactation diet. Samples of colostrum were collected within 2h after parturition and its density, dry matter content and concentrations of immunoglobulins, fat, protein, lactose, urea and somatic cell counts were measured. Calves were weighed 2 h after calving and on the 21d of life. On 3d and 21d of calves’ life blood samples were collected and the concentration of IgG, IgA, IgM, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) as well as total protein and albumin concentrations were determined. Treatments had no significant effect on composition of colostrum and serum immunoglobulins and IGF-1 concentration. In both groups the weight of calves at birth was similar, still daily body weight gain during 21 day of rearing period in HE group was higher than in the LE group (P=0.05).
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