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EN
Round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) spawning behaviour and parental care by males may be mediated by pheromones. We examined the spatial organization of the peripheral olfactory organ in round goby. Olfactory receptor neurons were visualized in cryostat sections stained for acetylated tubulin immunocytochemistry and by transmission electron microscopy. The olfactory epithelium is located adjacent to the tentacular anterior nostril and extends ventrocaudally along the relatively flat surface of the nasal cavity. Numerous nonmyelinated nerve fascicles formed in the lamina propria and converged into a prominent olfactory nerve. A sac-like enclosure was found on the posterior ventral surface that may regulate flow through the nares.
EN
The paper reports a comparative study of the female gametophyte and especially synergid structure in sexual and apomictic dandelions. We analyzed diploid sexually reproducing Taraxacum linearisquameum (2n = 2x = 16) and two triploids, T. alatum and T. udum (2n = 3x =24), with autonomous embryo and endosperm development. There were no observed differences in the organization of the mature megagametophyte between the examined species. Both meiotically reduced and diplosporous embryo sacs showed typical polarity of the egg apparatus cells, together with development of a filiform apparatus in the synergids, but immunocytochemical analyses indicated that microtubules form longitudinal brush-like bundles adjacent to the filiform apparatus in the synergids of the sexual T. linearisquameum. This arrangement of cytoskeletal elements is similar to the configuration described in other amphimictic plants. The synergids of the apomictic T. alatum and T. udum show a uncharacteristic and relatively weak cytoskeleton with no brush-like bundles. We discuss the role of synergids in autonomous apomicts.
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