A multiplicative semigroup of idempotent operators is called an operator band. We prove that for each K>1 there exists an irreducible operator band on the Hilbert space $l^2$ which is norm-bounded by K. This implies that there exists an irreducible operator band on a Banach space such that each member has operator norm equal to 1. Given a positive integer r, we introduce a notion of weak r-transitivity of a set of bounded operators on a Banach space. We construct an operator band on $l^2$ that is weakly r-transitive and is not weakly (r+1)-transitive. We also study operator bands S satisfying a polynomial identity p(A, B) = 0 for all non-zero A,B ∈ S, where p is a given polynomial in two non-commuting variables. It turns out that the polynomial $p(A, B) = (A B - B A)^2$ has a special role in these considerations.
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We consider a generalization of the projection operator method for the case of the Cauchy problem in 1D space for systems of evolution differential equations of first order with variable coefficients. It is supposed that the dependence of coefficients on the only variable χ is weak, that is described by the introduction of a small parameter. Such problem corresponds, for example, to the case of wave propagation in a weakly inhomogeneous medium. As an example, we specify the problem to adiabatic acoustics in waveguides with a variable cross-section. Projection operators are constructed for the Cauchy problem to fix unidirectional modes. The method of successive approximations (perturbation theory) is developed and based on the pseudodifferential operators theory. The application of projection operators adapted for the case under consideration allows deriving approximate evolution equations corresponding to the separated directed waves.
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