Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Conflict as a Problem and Threat to National and International Security

100%

Olak A. , Konecka-Szydełko B.

|

tom 40

162-174

EN

The beginning of the 21st century is characterized by a deep crisis of the national and international security system. For many factors caused by the intensification of military-political conflicts of a new type, the term “hybrid war” is now used. A feature of these conflicts is, in the first place, the use by the opponents of a wide scale of non-military means of influence: economic, informational, environmental, social, political and others. It is important here to justify the importance of the transformation of the state system of civil protection, which is being developed under the influence of contemporary military and political conflicts. The problem of military-political rivalry, by defining the content of the term “military-political conflict”, leads to a confrontation of political entities both within the state and at the state level, as well as between states, aimed at achieving their own political interests using various means and ways of influencing the political, military, economic, social and information spheres. The purpose of this speech is to present the mechanisms of solving all existing problems related to the functioning of society and to present the forms and features of contemporary hybrid conflicts.

2

HYBRID WAR – WAR OF THE 21ST CENTURY

88%

IVANČÍK R.

Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje

|

2016

|

tom 22(22)

205-239

EN

Hybrid war represents one of the most used terms in the area of military and security affairs in the last years, especially after the outbreak of conflict in Ukraine. It appears still more frequently not only in scientific or specialized military or security publications, studies or articles, but also in various journals, news, reports or debates out of military or security community. It might be seemed that it is a new term or even new type of conflict, but it is not. Hybrid war is really no new phenomenon, it is known for many years; however, after the Russian annexation of Crimea, it is much more popular and used. On the other hand, the majority of wider public do not know what the mentioned term exactly represents, and that is the reason why an author of the article deals with this topic and, through gained results of the research, tries to explain the essence of examined problem.

3

Central and Eastern European Countries under Cyberthreats

75%

Świątkowska J.

Polish Political Science Yearbook

|

2017

|

tom 1 (46)

30–39

EN

The paper aims to analyse how information warfare can be conducted in cyberspace and to look at this issue from the perspective of Central and Eastern European Countries. It argues that this form of hostile actions will be increasingly utilized in the region. The main assumption, following Alvin Toffler’s theory, is that “information” – as an increasingly important element of modern societies and as their strategic resource – also serves as a significant tool of modern conflicts. Since information is nowadays strongly related to new technologies, mainly the aspects connected to cybersecurity are analysed. The article looks closer at different aspects of cyberthreats and explains their possible consequences. It may serve as good material for further research and recommendations on countermeasures that may increase security in Europe.

4

PATTERNS OF THE MIGRATION DURING THE HYBRID WARFARE AND ITS CONFLICTOGENITY

75%

Pacek P. , Danyk Y. , Semenkova M.

Torun International Studies

|

2019

|

nr 12

61-73

EN

The population’s tendency to protest or to get involved into conflict can be used as the method of the hybrid warfare in the targeted country or region. The frustrations are formed due to the actual or virtually created resentment in the community or among the population groups. The deterioration of the social and economic conditions and the lack of opportunities to change the life for the better as well as the growing sense of danger or the real threat to life and security – all these elements have caused the intensive migration processes in many regions of the world. As a result it is the main feature of the modern world to handle. The influx of refugees and migrants and settling down in the new areas cause the transformation of horizontal inequality among the migrants themselves and between migrants and locals. The intensification of the migration processes is a result from the peculiarities of the hybrid conflicts such as the powerful cognitive, information and psychological influence, use of different technologies including the manipulative ones. The possibility to manage the migration processes and, to a certain extent the migrants’ potential for conflict is becoming the feasible instrument to break down the system of regional and international security through the projection of conflicts to the places where the migration flows are directed.

5

Rola wojsk specjalnych w konflikcie hybrydowym

75%

Bielecka J. , Nowacki G.

|

2019

|

tom R. 20, nr 7-8

66--71

PL

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest omówienie roli wojsk specjalnych w ewentualnym konflikcie hybrydowym. Konflikt ten jako kombinacja działań konwencjonalnych oraz nieregularnych, wymusza na środowisku międzynarodowe podjęcie działań zmierzających do opracowania nowego, szczegółowego oraz kompleksowego podejścia, zapewniającego bezpieczeństwo oraz stabilność. Niewątpliwie terroryzm jest głównym atrybutem w rękach podmiotu asymetrycznego. Asymetria jest narzędziem oraz siłą terrorystów oraz źródłem ich sukcesów. Nie jest związana z żadnymi ustępstwami czy koncesjami. Głównym celem działania jest maksymalizacja strat przeciwnika, zaś jedynym ograniczeniem przemocy stają się bariery technologiczne i organizacyjne. I właśnie na te zagrożenia reagują Wojska Specjalne, posiadające szczególne predyspozycje do zapobiegania, zwalczania oraz reagowania na zjawiska o charakterze hybrydowym.

EN

The purpose of this article is to discuss the role of special forces in possible hybrid conflict. This conflict, as a combination of conventional and irregular activities, forces the international environment to undertake activities aimed at developing a new, detailed and comprehensive approach, ensuring security and stability. Undoubtedly, terrorism is the main attribute in the hands of the asymmetrical subject. Asymmetry is the tool and strength of terrorists and the source of their successes. It is not associated with any concessions or concessions. The main objective of the action is to maximize the losses of the opponent, while the only limitation of the violence are technological and organizational barriers. And it is precisely these threats that are reacted by Special Forces with specific predispositions to prevent, combat and respond to hybrid phenomena.

6

Sharp power – introduction to the issue

63%

Skoneczny Ł. , Cacko B.

|

nr 25

325-340

EN

The aim of the article is an attempt to define the sharp power strategy, present characteristic ways of its employment and propose methods of minimizing its negative consequences for the security of the Republic of Poland. The analysis of the issues related to the types of state power (soft power, hard power, smart power) is followed by a coherent definition of sharp power formulated by the authors of the publication. The consecutive section of the article describes examples of methods of implementing the aforementioned strategy of influencing participants of international relations. Finally, the authors presented proposals for institutional and legal solutions, which are to counteract potential sharp power moves aimed at undermining the security and international position of the Republic of Poland.

7

Wielodomenowe środowisko operacji a zagrożenia ludności

51%

Szczygielska A.

|

nr 1

45-60

EN

Multi-domain actions currently being developed in the theoretical layer, especially in normative regulations, are an extension of the concept of combined actions. The subject of cognition is the essence of the environment of multi-domain operations, which generates a number of challenges and threats to civilians who remain both inside and outside the theater of warfare. This, in turn, generates specific types of threats to the population in the zone of direct hostilities. The aim of the study is, therefore, to present the essence of multi-domain operations and, as a consequence, a differently perceived environment of military operations in terms of threats to the civilian population resulting from military operations in five domains.

PL

Działania wielodomenowe rozwijane obecnie w warstwie teoretycznej, szczególnie w uregulowaniach normatywnych, stanowią rozwinięcie koncepcji działań połączonych. Przedmiotem poznania jest istota środowiska operacji wielodomenowych, które generuje szereg wyzwań i zagrożeń dla ludności cywilnej pozostającej zarówno na teatrze działań wojennych, jak i będącej poza jego granicami. To z kolei generuje konkretne typy zagrożeń dla ludności znajdującej się w strefie bezpośrednich działań wojennych. Celem opracowania jest, w związku z powyższym, zaprezentowanie istoty działań wielodomenowych oraz w konsekwencji tego, inaczej postrzeganego środowiska operacji militarnych w aspekcie zagrożeń dla ludności cywilnej, wynikających z prowadzonych działań zbrojnych w pięciu domenach: powietrznej, lądowej, morskiej, cyberprzestrzeni i kosmosie.

8

Sharp power – wprowadzenie do problematyki

51%

Skoneczny Ł. , Cacko B.

|

nr 25

102-119

EN

The aim of the article is an attempt to define the sharp power strategy, present characteristic ways of its employment and propose methods of minimizing its negative consequences for the security of the Republic of Poland. The analysis of the issues related to the types of state power (soft power, hard power, smart power) is followed by a coherent definition of sharp power formulated by the authors of the publication. The consecutive section of the article describes examples of methods of implementing the aforementioned strategy of influencing participants of international relations. Finally, the authors presented proposals for institutional and legal solutions, which are to counteract potential sharp power moves aimed at undermining the security and international position of the Republic of Poland.

PL

Celem artykułu jest próba zdefiniowania strategii sharp power, przedstawienie charakterystycznych sposobów jej zastosowania oraz zaproponowanie metod minimalizowania jej negatywnych skutków dla bezpieczeństwa Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej. Po przeanalizowaniu problematyki związanej z rodzajami potęgi państwa (soft power, hard power, smart power) autorzy publikacji sformułowali koherentną definicję sharp power. W dalszej części artykułu opisano przykładowe metody realizacji wspomnianej strategii oddziaływania na uczestników stosunków międzynarodowych. Na koniec autorzy przedstawili propozycje rozwiązań instytucjonalno-prawnych, których zadaniem jest przeciwdziałanie potencjalnym posunięciom z zakresu sharp power ukierunkowanym na zachwianie bezpieczeństwem i pozycją międzynarodową RP.

9

Rosyjskie rozwinięcia teorii „małej wojny”. Wymiar historyczny i współczesny

44%

Krzak A.

|

2019

|

nr 4

183-200

EN

After the Cold War, analysts in many countries were unable to accurately rationalise the emerging threats that did not fit into the contemporaneous concepts and could not be clearly classified. The search for a new canon of martial art led military people, polemologists and experts to define the phenomenon of new wars as conflicts referred to as „hybrid wars”. However, this attempt turned out to be insufficient, as it did not allow to unequivocally determine the nature of future wars and conflicts, especially in view of the ambiguity of events in Ukraine or North Africa. The paper is devoted to the analysis of what is important from the point of view of the theory and practice of the art of war, i.e. the Western and Russian authors’ views on the phenomenon that combines a variety of forms and methods of conventional and irregular (guerrilla) actions against a historical and contemporary backdrop.

PL

Po zimnej wojnie analitycy w wielu krajach nie mogli dokładnie zracjonalizować pojawiających się zagrożeń, które nie pasowały do ówczesnych koncepcji i nie można było ich jednoznacznie sklasyfikować. Poszukiwania nowego kanonu sztuki wojennej doprowadziły wojskowych, polemologów oraz ekspertów do zdefiniowania zjawiska nowych wojen jako konfliktów określanych mianem „wojen hybrydowych”. Jednakże próba ta okazała się niewystarczająca – nie pozwala jednoznacznie określić charakteru przyszłych wojen i konfliktów, zwłaszcza wobec niejednoznaczności wydarzeń na Ukrainie czy w Afryce Północnej. Artykuł został poświęcony – istotnej z punktu widzenia teorii i praktyki sztuki wojennej – analizie poglądów zachodnich i rosyjskich autorów na zjawisko łączące różne formy i metody działań konwencjonalnych i nieregularnych (partyzanckich) w perspektywie historycznej i współczesnej.