In the culture two theories always appeara: realism and idealism. Yet, in the contemporary philosophy the idealistic theory dominates while realism is excluded. Idealism, howeverm poses danger in the contemporary intellectual culture. This is particularly revealed when thinking about values. Idealism perceives value as a thought or a notion. Realistic philosophy, on the other hand, defines value as the relation between persons. In the culture, values do not last but they are only a sign or a record that people come into relations.
Celem artykułu jest prezentacja nowego spojrzenia związana z humanizacją pracy jako praktycznego wymiaru kultury organizacyjnej. Główną tezą jest stwierdzenie że XX-wieczne programy humanizacji pracy łączące w sobie filozofie marksizmu i utylitaryzmu human relations wyczerpały swoje możliwości konceptualne wraz z pojawieniem się nowoczesnych systemów zarządzania. Systemy te wprowadzając innowacje realizują główne założenia humanizacji pracy jak: dostosowanie warunków pracy do potrzeb człowieka, dostosowanie człowieka do warunków pracy, czy przystosowanie człowieka do człowieka w środowisku pracy. Stąd propozycja ażeby programy humanizacji pracy zastąpić subiektywnymi emocjami pracowniczymi związanymi z oceną swojego położenia w systemie zarządzania firmą. Jako subiektywne indykatory tego położenia wydzielono: podmiotowość – przedmiotowość, kreatywność - dyspozycyjność, zadowolenie - niezadowolenie. Założono, że jest to nowa jakość humanizacji pracy w kulturze organizacyjnej firmy.
EN
The article aims at the presentation of a new attitude to work humanization as a practical aspect of organizational culture. Its main thesis is that the 20th century programs of work humanization that included the philosophies of Marxism and HR utilitarianism, have exhausted their conceptual potentials with the appearance of modern management systems. By introducing innovations, the new systems put into practice the main assumptions of work humanization: adaptation of working conditions to the needs of man, adaptation of man to working conditions and/or adaptation of man to man in work environment. Hence the author’s suggestion that the programs of work humanization should be replaced by subjective emotions of employees regarding their assessment of their position in company management system. The subjective indicators of staff position are the following: subject – object, creativity – availability, satisfaction – dissatisfaction. It was assumed that this constitutes new quality of work humanization in company organizational culture.
In the organizational sciences an important role is played by the historical aspect relating to the origin of sciences on the organization and management. In order to understand the complicated problems connected with the modern organizations management it is necessary to get to know the views and opinions of the forerunners and creators of these research issues. This argument is all the more correctsince a lot of findings and rules have lost none of their relevance in spite of theflow of time. The present article analyses the characteristic trends of the management schools which became permanent part of the history of development of organization and management sciences, i.e.:• Taylor’s science-based organization• Fayol’s administrative management (classical school of management)• Human relations school• Behavioral school• Contemporary school
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The author of this article conducted a representative survey (N=1081) to examine the signs of non-clinical narcissism in professional life, human relations, and self-control. He found that people with narcissistic characteristics more often occupy socio-professional positions that place high demands on self-presentation, which means on appearance and demeanour. People with narcissistic characteristics also tend to seek out such professions more often. The interest in obtaining jobs that place high demands on self-presentation is more strongly associated with non-clinical narcissism than with whether or not the individual currently occupies such a position. Respondents with narcissistic characteristics also more often profess better chances of succeeding in such a position. People with narcissistic characteristics typically communicate on two typical levels: ego-confirmative and negotiative. Narcissistic types generally use communication primarily as a means of presenting their idealised Self (ego-confirmative level). However, when respondents who scored as narcissists in the test enter an interaction from which only one side can profit (negotiative comunication), they defend only their own interests and pay little attention to the needs of others. Narcissistic types also exhibit a higher level of self-control, which some criminologists associate with delinquency.
Artykuł zawiera wyniki badań prowadzonych w marcu i kwietniu 2020 roku na temat zmian w życiu codziennym podczas powszechnej kwarantanny w Polsce. Analiza została oparta na wpisach i przekazach wizualnych (zdjęcia, rysunki, memy) zebranych w tym czasie w specjalnie powołanej do celów badawczych grupie Pandemia Stories PL na portalu Facebook. Autorka skupia się na zaobserwowanych zmianach w zakresie użytkowania mieszkania jako przestrzeni fizycznej i ich wpływie na relacje międzyludzkie. W podsumowaniu znalazły się tezy mówiące też o zmianach, które prawdopodobnie nastąpią po zakończeniu pandemii Covid 19, czyli o spodziewanym zwiększeniu roli technologii i przyrody w przestrzeni domowej.
EN
The article presents the results of research conducted in March and April 2020 on changes in everyday life during the general quarantine in Poland. The analysis was based on entries and visual data (photos, drawings, memes) collected at that time in a group specially established for research on Facebook named Pandemia Stories PL. The article focuses on the observed changes in the use of houses/apartments in the context of physical space and changes affecting interpersonal relationships. The summary contains theses about the likely changes after the end of the Covid 19 pandemic: increasing the role of technology and nature in the home space.
Niewątpliwie jesteśmy obecnie świadkami głębokiej zmiany społeczno-kulturowej. Rdzeń tej przemiany koncentruje się wokół kategorii jednostki, która definiowana jest jako wyemancypowany z tradycyjnych przynależności i więzi grupowych, autonomiczny i refleksyjnie działający podmiot w zupełnie nowym „teatrze życia codziennego”. Klarujący się nowy ład, określany mianem „kultury indywidualizmu”, przenikając dzisiejsze społeczeństwo odciska swe piętno także w wymiarze relacji międzyludzkich, przekształcając sferę intymności. Powszechna dzisiaj tematyzacja Ja jawić się może także jako przeszkoda w dbałości o My. Zjawisko to, rzutując w istotny sposób na relacje międzyludzkie, tworzy podatny grunt dla niepewności, rozczarowania i poczucia braku bezpieczeństwa, wyznaczając tym samym ramy dzisiejszej „wyemancypowanej intymności”. Niniejszy artykuł jest próbą uchwycenia przemian, jakie zachodzą na polu intymności w kontekście współczesnego indywidualizmu.
EN
Undoubtedly, the recent years have seen a profound socio-cultural change. The core of the change is formed by the category of the individual that is defned as an autonomous subject alienated from traditional affliation and group ties, reflectively acting in a completely new ‘theatre of everyday life’. The new order, called a ‘culture of individualism’, which permeates the present-day society, sets its stamp also on human relations, transforming the intimate sphere. The thematisation of ‘I’, so common nowadays, may appear as an impediment to take care of ‘we’. The phenomenon having a signifcant effect on human relations lays the ground for diffdence, disappointment and a sense of insecurity, providing a framework for today’s ‘emancipated intimacy’. The article is an attempt to capture the changes that take place in the sphere of intimacy in the context of the present-day individualism.
The article reveals the methodological foundations of psychological-pedagogical training of professional judges in the system of judicial education of Ukraine and Canada. The author, based on the analysis of professional literature, has proved that today there is no real global instrument for standardizing the content of training and selection of professional judges in the judiciary system, which would unite all the participants. This is due to differences in the historical aspect, the structure of the judicial systems of states. The result of the study was the definition of thirteen qualities, which are grouped into three blocks: an understanding of human relationships; mastery of court methods; environmental and managerial analysis. Thus, the transfer of professional techniques and values is the basis of the principles of judicial education. First of all, it is expedient to develop a coherent program in the framework of which it is necessary to form the institutional capacity of the NSJU as the only and the leading scientific and methodological center capable to fully satisfy the needs of judges, among the immediate measures that are a challenge for the present day for the NSJU in the aspect of psychological-pedagogical training of professional judges. In psychological-pedagogical training and improvement of qualification on the basis of the use of modern psychological-pedagogical technologies and techniques. For this purpose, the primary tasks are to improve the system of training candidates for a position of judge, which would provide the judicial system of Ukraine with highly professional specialists with an objectively assessed level of personal and moral qualities that can honestly, impartially and objectively carry out judicial proceedings in the future; extension of the list of psychological and pedagogical disciplines of the NSJU; building an effective model of cooperation between the NSJU and the entire judicial corps, attracting the best and most experienced judges to teaching, having pedagogical skills. Based on the fact that training at the NSJU is carried out by judges and experts in each discipline, it is advisable for the teachers to choose among the best in their profession the body, responsible for training, taking into account the judge’s knowledge of the subjects he teaches, teaching skills and pedagogical skills.Based on the analysis of professional literature, it has been proved that today there is no real global instrument, or any generally accepted international charter, to standardize the content of training and selection of professional judges in the judiciary system, which would unite all the participants. Paradoxically, this situation is not actually the result of a lack of consensus. This is due to differences in the historical aspect, the structure of the judicial systems of states. For example, the French National School of Courts, on the occasion of its last major reform, has developed a definition of a list of the personal and professional qualities of judges. These thirteen qualities can be grouped into three blocks: an understanding of human relationships; mastery of the court methods; environmental and managerial analysis. Thus, the transfer of professional techniques and values is the basis of the principles of judicial education.Instead of this, the European vector of state-building chosen by Ukraine prompts the urgent need for adaptation of Ukrainian legislation in the justice sector to the acquis communautaire of the EU, in particular in regards to the introduction of standards for judicial education as an important component in improving the quality and efficiency of national judiciary system, and increasing public confidence in judiciary system.
This paper refers to the views of Aleksandr Zinovyev, Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn and, above all, Józef Tischner’s philosophical concept. They share and criticize the same area of interest, i.e. the phenomenon of homo sovieticus. In the dispute over the social nature of man, J. Tischner ponders on homo sovieticus, but first and foremost on the man that lives by the principle of solidarity, man described as homo solidaritus. Homo sovieticus “is merely a popular historical symbol”, a figure of the past. It is a subject of historical and sociological research, among others, and a modus, i.e. one of the methods of organizing human relations, which failed. The human being is not defined through the use of this name. The human being is defined by eidos, which J. Tischner mentions while analyzing the idea of solidarity. The problem of human relations, social relations, dialogue, monologue, conscience, freedom and moral human condition are the “tools” used for analyzing the subject of this paper.
PL
W pracy nawiązuje się do rozważań Aleksandera Zinowiewa, Aleksandera Sołżenicyna, a przede wszystkim do koncepcji filozoficznej Józefa Tischnera. Łączy ich wspólny, poddany przez nich krytyce, przedmiot zainteresowań – fenomen ‘homo sovieticus’. W sporze o społeczną naturę człowieka Tischner podejmuje namysł nie tylko nad fenomenem ‘homo sovieticus’, ale przede wszystkim nad człowiekiem żyjącym zgodnie z ideą solidarności, określanym w literaturze jako ‘homo solidaritus’. ‘Homo sovieticus’, „to zaledwie nośny symbol dziejowy”, postać, która przeszła do historii. To przedmiot badań między innymi historii, socjologii, to jeden z ‘modi’, czyli jeden ze sposobów organizacji relacji międzyludzkich, który się nie sprawdził. Takie określenie człowieka nie definiuje go. Człowieka definiuje ‘eidos’, o którym mówi Tischner analizując ideę solidarności. Problemy relacji międzyludzkich, stosunków społecznych, dialogu, monologu, sumienia, wolności, kondycji moralnej człowieka stanowią „narzędzia” w analizach tytułowego przedmiotu pracy.
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