Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

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New Humanity of the Future and Its New Barriers of Otherness – Bruce Sterling’s Schismatrix as a Science Fiction Speculation on Trans/Posthuman Evolution

100%

Marszalski M.

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2021

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nr 14

247–256

EN

The possible future of mankind features prominently among SF topics. Despite a long record of failures, like unsuccessful grappling with the scourge of war, present day humanity has come a long way to assume a degree of unity it has never enjoyed before. The process of globalization has its anti-globalist opponents, but its idealistic aim is a better world without racial, social, economic and in some areas even national barriers separating people. This picture of multiracial, multicultural but otherwise ontologically uniform humanity amounts to a vision of a sentient species that is close to achieving its mature form. However, what may look like the final stop of our journey is treated by both the advocates (e.g. Ray Kurzweil) and critics (e.g. Fukuyama) of humanity’s trans/posthuman development as the beginning of a new stage of our existence. A question arises if the new paths of evolution involve a danger that humans will fall victim to a policy of metaphysical laissez faire that will put the race’s unity and continuity in jeopardy. Will the old walls of racial prejudice and social inequality between people that we have striven to break down be replaced by new ones? The objective of this paper is to use Bruce Sterling’s Shaper/Mechanist universe as a literary illustration of the new barriers that the prospective trans/posthumanity may have to face and seek to surmount or leave behind.

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Przedstawienia grzybów psychoaktywnych w ewidencji archeologicznej i ich interpretacje

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Olbryś A.

Folia Praehistorica Posnaniensia

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2021

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tom 26

281-307

EN

There has been a debate regarding substances that cause altered states of consciousness (especially those of a psychedelic nature) that have been intrinsically linked to man since the dawn of time. The question of the beginning of the crystallization of human consciousness intrigues today’s researchers. American writer and ethnobotanist Terence McKenna tangled with such ideas, indeed one of his thoughts contributes to many controversial opinions and theories presented in this work. The stoned ape theory considers psilocybin, the active substance of entheogenic mushrooms, as an element that played an important role in the process of human evolution and contributed to the acceleration of human consciousness. The author of a title theory believes that psychoactive mushrooms, which might have been components of our ancestors’ diet, could also contributed to the development of language and religion. In this paper, an attempt will be made to subject the title theory to criticism with particular discussion of archaeological evidence.

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Ewolucja człowieka jako seria dodatnich sprzężeń zwrotnych

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Kozłowski J.

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nr 65

PL

Perhaps in last few centuries not any big theory has resulted in so much opposition as Darwinian theory of evolution. Within this theory, claim that Homo sapiens evolved from animal ancestors, namely apes, is undoubtedly the most controversial issue. Long tradition of teaching by Church that a pair of first people was created in short time in Eden Garden is in contradiction to discoveries of biology, including paleontology. If God exists, which is not the research subject of science, he created human beings by a long process of biological Darwinian evolution followed by shorter process of non-Darwinian cultural evolution. Biologist must treat Homo sapiens as just one more species with long phylogeny, albeit special species characterized by brains of enormous size, with well-developed neocortex and very special mental traits being the consequence of such brain. The paper considers selection forces toward increase of this extremely expensive organ, draining at least 20% of energy. The main idea is that a series of positive feedbacks were responsible for the development of brain, correlated increase of intelligence and development of culture. Although no great breakthrough is required for such mode of evolution, energetic constrain limiting brain size was present through large part of our evolution, which was first broken by using primitive tools for cutting meat and grinding down seeds, then by thermal processing of food. The new constrain on skull size, and correlated brain size, that is the danger of death of both mother and child during childbirth, has been partly relieved by shifting large part of brain development to postnatal period. Resulting very long childhood was a prerequisite to cultural development of our species.

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Revisiting the Nowosiółka skull with RMaCzek

72%

Bartoszek K.

Mathematica Applicanda

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2022

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tom Vol. 50, no. 2

255--266

EN

One of the first fully quantitative distance matrix visualization methods was proposed by Jan Czekanowski at the beginning of the previous century. Recently, a software package, RMaCzek, was made available that allows for producing such diagrams in R. Here we reanalyze the original data that Czekanowski used for introducing his method, and in the accompanying code show how the user can specify their own custom distance functions in the package.

PL

Na początku zeszłego stulecia Jan Czekanowski, polski antropolog oraz statystyk, zaproponował jedną z pierwszych obiektywnych metod uporządkowania oraz zobrazowania macierzy odległości. W 2019 roku został opracowany oraz udostępniony pakiet RMaCzek, który pozwala na tworzenie diagramów Czekanowskiego w środowisku R. W niniejszej pracy dokonano ponownej analizy danych, które posłużyły Czekanowskiemu do zaprezentowania własnej metody oraz zaproponowano, jak w pakiecie RMaCzek użytkownik może wprowadzać własną funkcję odległości.

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Cyberpsychologia czy psychologia cybernetyki?

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Kupniewski M. H.

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia de Cultura

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2018

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nr 10(4) "Cyberpsychologia. Nowe strategie badania mediów i ich użytkowników"

19-26

PL

Ewolucja człowieka to ewolucja jego mózgu. Wykształcenie się umysłu pozwoliło na rozwój nauki i tworzenie wynalazków, które wpłynęły na samą ewolucję. Co więcej, rozwój techniki sprawił, że zachodzi integracja człowieka z maszyną. Wymaga to już integracji wiedzy z różnych gałęzi nauki. Rozwój techniki powinien uwzględniać sytuacje, kiedy może to być wpływ dwukierunkowy o skutkach niespodziewanych. Być może to jest jedno z największych wyzwań psychologii XXI wieku.

EN

Evolution of the human is evolution of it’s brain. This development made possible the fact that is called evolution of the machine. This evolution requires integration of knowledge from different fields. Nowadays, the technique allows the integration of man and machine. Progress gives chance of bidirectional influence between machines and humans. It must be changed in future. Engineers have to begin a multi-level discussion on technology issues that are difficult to avoid in the near future, including artificial intelligence issues. Thus, at the design stage, the engineer has to take possibility of bilateral interaction.

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Modern human origins and prehistoric demography of Europe in light of the present-day genetic diversity

72%

Zietkiewicz E.

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tom 42

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nr 4

7

Ocena potencjału biologicznego i klinicznego diety paleolitycznej

58%

Kowalski L. M. , Bujko J.

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nr 1

PL

Rosnąca liczba dowodów sugeruje, że pożywienie konsumowane regularnie przez większą część ewolucji naczelnych i człowieka, szczególnie w Paleolicie (2,6 – 0,01 x 10 6 lat temu), może być optymalne dla prewencji i leczenia niektórych chorób przewlekłych. Jednakże, we współczesnych zachodnich populacjach co najmniej 70% dziennego spożycia stanowi pożywienie rzadko lub nigdy nie konsumowane przez paleolitycznych łowców-zbieraczy, włączając zboża, produkty nabiałowe oraz rafinowane cukry i wysokoprzetworzone tłuszcze. Dodatkowo, w oparciu o ostatnio opublikowane oszacowania spożycia makroskładników i kwasów tłuszczowych we Wschodnioafrykańskiej diecie paleolitycznej, diety paleolityczne w porównaniu do diet zachodnich zawierały więcej białka i długołańcuchowych wielonienasyconych kwasów tłuszczowych oraz mniej kwasu linolowego. Badania obserwacyjne łowców-zbieraczy i innych populacji niezachodnich wspierają pogląd, że paleolityczny typ diety może zmniejszać ryzyko chorób sercowo-naczyniowych, zespołu metabolicznego, cukrzycy typu 2, nowotworów, trądziku pospolitego i krótkowzroczności. Wstępne badania interwencyjne z użyciem współczesnej diety opartej na paleolitycznych grupach pożywienia również wykazały obiecujące rezultaty z korzystnymi zmianami czynników ryzyka chorób sercowo-naczyniowych i cukrzycy. Rosnąca liczba dowodów wspiera pogląd, że spożycie wysokoglikemicznej żywności i insulinotropowych produktów nabiałowych jest związane z patogenezą i progresją trądziku pospolitego w krajach zachodnich. W tym kontekście, wartość terapeutyczną może mieć naśladowanie cech charakterystycznych diet łowców-zbieraczy i innych niezachodnich populacji. Dodatkowo, większa liczba badań jest potrzebna do określenia wpływu gliadyny, różnych lektyn i saponin na przepuszczalność jelitową i patogenezę chorób autoimmunologicznych.

EN

Accumulating evidences suggest that foods that were regularly consumed during the human primates and evolution, in particular during the Paleolithic era (2.6 – 0.01 x 10 6 years ago), may be optimal for the prevention and treatment of some chronic diseases. It has been postulated that fundamental changes in the diet and other lifestyle conditions that occurred after the Neolithic Revolution, and more recently with the beginning of the Industrial Revolution are too recent taking into account the evolutionary time scale for the human genome to have completely adjust. In contemporary Western populations at least 70% of daily energy intake is provided by foods that were rarely or never consumed by Paleolithic hunter-gatherers, including grains, dairy products as well as refined sugars and highly processed fats. Additionally, compared with Western diets, Paleolithic diets, based on recently published estimates of macronutrient and fatty acid intakes from an East African Paleolithic diet, contained more proteins and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, and less linoleic acid. Observational studies of hunter-gatherers and other non-western populations lend support to the notion that a Paleolithic type diet may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, cancer , acne vulgaris and myopia. Moreover, preliminary intervention studies using contemporary diet based on Paleolithic food groups (meat, fish, shell - fish, fresh fruits and vegetables, roots, tubers, eggs, and nuts), revealed promising results including favorable changes in risk factors, such as weight, waist circumference, C-reactive protein, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), blood pressure, glucose tolerance, insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity and lipid profiles. Low calcium intake, which is often considered as a potential disadvantage of the Paleolithic diet model, should be weighed against the low content of phytates and the low content of sodium chloride, as well as the high amount of net base yielding vegetables and fruits. Increasing number of evidences supports the view that intake of high glycemic foods and insulinotropic dairy products is involved in the pathogenesis and progression of acne vulgaris in Western countries. In this context, diets that mimic the nutritional characteristics of diets found in hunter-gatherers and other non-western populations may have therapeutic value in treating acne vulgaris. Additionally, more studies is needed to determine the impact of gliadin, specific lectins and saponins on intestinal permeability and the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.