Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Smysl vizualizace lidského těla: různorodé významy nahoty

100%

Jirásek I.

Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

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2010

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tom 58

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nr 6

763-883

EN

The paper focuses on the phenomenon of nudity as a symbol, and on its different meanings with the possibilities of various interpretations. Its aim is to provide a critical analysis of the growing sexualisation and pornification of contemporary culture. In the first part of the text the historical concepts of nudity in the mode of the natural and the sacred are summarised. Although nudity was invested with various meanings (for example slavery and abasement in Mesopotamia, poverty among the Jews, social superiority among the Greeks), it was always informed by the sacred. Cult rituals securing fertility, but also ceremonies that today we treat as sporting events (for example the Olympic games), were above all a religious rather than a secular occasion. In different religions we can discern different levels of openness or distance concerning the naked body, while at the same time nudity (and sexuality) could become an expression of religious experience. In contemporary times (especially in our geographical area) the element of sacredness is receding from the perception of nudity. Nevertheless we may still meet with nudity in the mode of the natural (especially in the nudist and naturalist movements), and with cultivated eroticisation (with takes its exemplary form in art). A more serious development is, however, the growing process of the sexualisation and pornification of contemporary culture, exploiting nudity and sexuality in order to attract attention, or financial gain. We point to several cultural manifestations (politics, advertising, art and sport), using examples from concrete social signications of nudity in its non-naturalness, that is with the aim of attracting the attention of the public. These are, for example, political protests; special television current affairs programmes („naked news“); the growing sexualisation of advertising (presenting a sexual context without displaying the sexual organs); the merging of pornography and art which does not stop even at the natural boundaries of the human body, i.e. the skin, but enters into bodies; nakedness in sport showing itself not only in sportspeople posing for erotic magazines, but also in the ways that sporting events are recorded, picking up on the inadvertent revealing of parts of the bodies of participators, or on the revelations of the spectators. Philosophy should not give up the ambition of thoroughly enquiring into these cultural forms, despite the fact that philosophical anthropology has so far interested itself in sexuality rather than in nudity explicitly. If one of the characteristics of philosophical thought is being critical, then a critique of the sexualisation and pornification of contemporary culture should be conducted with emphasis on the richness of the human way of being and on human relations that maintain the dimension of love as the essential respect to the other, not on the technical exploitation of reified bodies with the aim of purely mechanistic stimulation or financial reward.

2

Corporeality in Martial Arts Anthropology

80%

Cynarski W. , Obodyński K.

Human Movement

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2011

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tom 12

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nr 3

291-297

EN

The aim of this paper is to discuss the subject as well as the problem of corporeality in the anthropology of martial arts. The authors wish to begin with the concept of corporeality as it is found in the available literature on the subject. The main issues which require additional contemplation are: the anthropology of the psychophysical progress, the humanistic theory of Eastern marital arts and the sociology of fitness culture. Anthropological research on martial arts attempts to explain the place and meaning as well as the significance and value of humans practicing the various psychophysical forms of East Asian martial arts. Therefore, emphasis must be placed on the numerous varieties of martial arts and the resulting examples and cultural values found therein. Through such a perspective can corporeality's place and importance be examined. Among the classifiable models found in somatic culture, one of the most fundamental is the model of asceticism and self-fulfillment. Historically significant and still relevant is also the example of fitness, connected with treating the body as it were an instrument.Within the context of martial arts being used as a psycho-educational form of education, the body fulfills, above all, the role of a tool to be used on the way towards enlightenment and wisdom. It is utilized specifically in spiritual progress. Improving one's physical abilities is therefore an ascetic journey of physical perfectionism and technical accomplishment all towards achieving spiritual mastery. In some cases, spiritual development is described in terms of energy (qi, ki) and connected with the capacity of one's health. Yet, the motivation for participating in martial arts more often comes from the body itself and its psychophysical health rather than moral and spiritual improvement. However, in our era of globalizing and commercializing almost all aspects of culture, some confusion can emerge from the polymorphic treatment of corporeality in martial arts as is now practiced around the world.

3

The Body as a Form of ID and Social Differentiation (In Ancient Greece)

80%

Sahaj T.

Human Movement

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2011

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tom 12

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nr 4

385-390

EN

The aim of the article is the presentation of the philosophical approach towards the human body against a background of broader culture and social context. In ancient Greece, the corporeal nature of man was a category strongly linked with a precisely understood form physical culture, including both philosophy and medicine and what we would call today ‘physiotherapy’. In antiquity, rank and a person's social status was assessed not only by the quantity of material goods owned, but also by the superiority of one's body and their fitness level; the physical form. Those who were disabled were disposed of or outcast. The human body was treated as a kind of identification card, which contributed to the development of numerous social divisions. This paradigm was supported both in practice and theory by such outstanding thinkers as: Aristotle, Plato, Socrates, Hippocrates, Pythagoras and Diogenes of Sinope.

4

Identification of muscle forces in human lower limbs during sagittal plane movements. P 1 Computational algorithms

80%

Blajer W. , Drzewiecki K. , Mazur Z.

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2006

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tom Vol. 8, nr 2

11-18

EN

Using a sagittal model of human body developed in part I, the present paper deals with computational algorithms related to the inverse simulation problem – the determination of driving muscle forces in lower limbs using the measured motion characteristics as input data. The control problem is associated with muscle force redundancy and then affected by the fact that muscles always generate tensile forces. Computational schemes for the determination of reaction forces in the hip, knee and ankle joints are also reported/developed and discussed from the view-point of their effectiveness and applicability.

5

Biomechanical model of man for movement analysis in frontal plane

80%

Gzik M.

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2006

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tom z. 31

47-50

EN

This paper presents 2 - dimensional model of man which was used for numerical analysis of human body behaviour during falls down and its consequences for human cervical and lumbar spine. The researches contain creation of model which enables human body motion analysis in a situation corresponding to real falls with simultaneous analysis of internal physiological phenomena in human spine during motion in frontal plane. The model of falling man was created using Working Model 2D.

6

Ciało jako ponowoczesny „projekt estetyczny”

80%

Maj A.

Estetyka i Krytyka

|

2013

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nr 1(28)

83-92

EN

The article shows the ways in which the process of aesthetization of everyday life affects our perception of the human body in postmodern societies. The beauty of the body is no longer defined with reference to the objective aesthetic norms shared by all the members of the society, but it is rather defined individually. The body is shaped according to it, thus becoming an “aesthetic project”

7

The Notion of the Body and Sex in Simone de Beauvoir's Philosophy

80%

Tiukało A.

Human Movement

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2012

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tom 13

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nr 1

78-85

EN

In her masterpiece The Second Sex, Simone de Beauvoir depicts the atrocities of a typical patriarchal society. The author assumes that every human being should have the opportunity to experience feelings of a conquest and of being conquered to fully appreciate freedom. The body, the essential condition of human existence, is equally an object and a subject. Unfortunately, as Beauvoir reveals, this ontological rule is not respected in a society dominated by men. Patriarchy juxtaposes a male body, the subject, with a female body, the object. The main purpose of the present article is to answer the question, which many interpreters of Beauvoir's text have posed themselves: does Beauvoir really blame only patriarchy for such an injustice or is she rather willing to admit that female biology also contributes to such a biased situation. Researchers have never been unanimous on this issue. However, deeper analysis of The Second Sex as presented in this article finds that Beauvoir does not explain the social situation of women as a result of their biology at any point. According to Beauvoir, the discrimination of women in society is totally undeserved. This article also illustrates the originality of Beauvoir's thoughts in relations to Jean-Paul Sartre's philosophy. In her times, Beauvoir was mainly known as a novelist and the publication of The Second Sex was, misleadingly, not regarded by critics as a philosophical work. In The Second Sex, Beauvoir presents her own theory of interpersonal relationship, different from the one created in Sartre's Being and Nothingness.

8

Geometry and inertia of the human body - review of research

70%

Erdmann W. S.

|

1999

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tom Vol. 1, nr 1

23-35

EN

The paper is devoted to such morphological quantities of the human body as (1) geometric, i.e., linear, planar, and spatial;(2) inertial, especially - mass, density, radius of center of mass, moment of inertia and its radius. Description of quantities was given, material used (live subjects, cadavers, models), and methods utilized: mechanical and electromechanical, optical, geometric (for inertia quantities), penetrating, calculation, modelling. The most important results were given, especially for inertial quantities.

9

Rażenie człowieka prądem stałym

60%

Gierlotka S.

|

2006

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tom nr 4

7-9

PL

Przedstawiono skutki działania prądu stałego na ludzi oraz wpływ czynników środowiskowych na rezystancją ciała człowieka.

EN

The paper presents action of direct current on the human body and influence of emdronmental factors on resistance of human body.

10

Influence of mechanical vibrationon the human body in the means of transport and its modelling

60%

Nader M.

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2000

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tom Vol. 12, iss. 2

33-53

EN

The aim of this paper is to present an evaluation of the threat caused by the vibration- influence on the human body in different means of transport. A survey of biomechanical models of the human body was carried out, as well as investigations of the mathematical model of the dynamics of the biomechanical system in the sitting position. This allowed a comparison between the model investigation results in the field of frequency and experimental investigation r esults.

PL

W pracy przedstawiono ocenę zagrożenia wynikającego z oddziaływania drgań na organizm ludzki różnych środków transportu. Dokonano przeglądu biomechanicznych modeli człowieka oraz przeprowadzono badania modelu matematycznego dynamiki układu biomechanicznego w pozycji siedzącej, które pozwoliły na porównanie wyników badań modelowych w dziedzinie częstotliwości z wynikami badań eksperymentalnych.

11

Wpływ wysiłku pracy i dyskomfortu cieplnego na impedancję ciala czlowieka

60%

Gierlotka S.

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2006

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tom nr 9

75-77

PL

W artykule scharakteryzowano wpływ dyskomfortu cieplnego w środowisku pracy na elektrofizjologię organizmu człowieka.

12

Transformacja ciała ludzkiego jako wyraz świadomości i istnienia duchowości w kulturze łużyckiej

51%

Żychlińska J.

Materiały Zachodniopomorskie

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2015

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tom 11

33-44

EN

Abstract: The human body and its theoretical possibilities of change or transformation have not yet been discussed in publications. Assuming that the source of information about a person can both be their remains and iconography, this article attempts to approach this issue based on two sources: a graphical representation of the object that could be used to transform the human body - i.e. a wand and the narrative scene representing the transformation. On the vessel from Smuszewo, Wągrowiec district, there is the figure of a man holding a wand in his right hand. He is surrounded by many small holes - it is highly probable that they are a graphical representation of the human transformation when touching the wand (Fig. 1B). For the Nadziejewo vessel, Środa Wielkopolska district, Greater Poland Voivodeship, another interpretation is proposed other than the published one (Mikłaszewska-Balcer 1973, Fig. 1). This interpretation assumes that the first person is the man responsible for the ritual of body change, and on right the ritual wand is depicted. Other figures visible on the left side of the picture show the transformation of the body - at the beginning the change is in the legs (from none to three), and at the end the evident transformation of the entire body. What is the most important is that the last of the three figures are connected by a line of holes which emphasis the most important stage of transformation, i.e. obtaining a new state (Fig. 1A). The scene was explained as a graphical presentation of the transition of the human body to the world of the sacrum. This is further evidence and support for including the Lusatian Culture into the orbit of a pan-European system of a mythological axial era. One of the characteristics of this sphere was a focus on the world of values, which were needed to protect against negative external factors, and was realised inter alia through magical acts.

13

Jak se tvoří zvířecí a lidské tělo?

51%

Trnka J.

Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

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2011

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tom 59

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nr 7, Special No: Fenomenologie tělesnosti

23-45

EN

The present paper concentrates on the gradual transformation of phenomenology in the work of Martin Heidegger and attempts to show in what way this transformation leads Heidegger to abandon the phenomenology itself. We attempt to confront the theoretical position of late Heidegger with the thought of Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari, pointing out the anti-transcendental and non-dialectical elements in Heidegger’s conception of four-dimensional temporality and identity of thought and being. The notion of Ereignis is understood as a becoming of being on the position of „thought“: in this perspective, if it may precisely be confronted with Deleuze’s and Guattari’s thought. Our principle aim, on the basis of this confrontation, is to rethink the relationship between humanity and animality and between the human and the animal body.

14

Charakterystyki energetyczne obciążeń dynamicznych ciała człowieka

51%

Kaźmierczak H.

|

2007

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tom nr 2(42)

63-67

PL

Oddziaływanie drgań na człowieka powoduje ich selektywne przenoszenie przez strukturę jego ciała. Wyznaczono analityczny model strukturalny dynamiki ciała człowieka. Synteza własności dynamicznych modelu systemu metodą podatności dynamicznych umożliwiła wyznaczenie charakterystyk dynamicznych struktury stojącego człowieka. Do wyznaczenia charakterystyk dynamicznych modelu ciała człowieka przyjęto parametry struktury modelu wg Potiemkina-Frołowa. Wyznaczono moce wejściowe reakcji człowieka na wymuszenia występujące na korpusie ciągnika. Ciągnik poddawany był wymuszeniom symulującym przejazd przez przeszkody (na stanowisku badań przyspieszonych). Częstotliwości podstawowe wymuszeń: 1Hz, 1,26Hz, 2,5Hz.

EN

Vibration influence on man causes its selective transfer through the structure of human body. There was determined analytical structural model of human body dynamic. Synthesis of dynamical features of the model's system by dynamical receptivity method enabled determining of dynamical characteristics of structure of a standing man. For determine dynamical characteristics of human body there were suggested parameters of structure according to Potiemkin-Frolow model. There were determined exit powers of human reactions on forces occuring on a tractor's frame. The tractor was forced by simulation of going through the blocks (on a stand of accelerating tests). Basic frequencies of forces: 1Hz, 1,26Hz, 2,5Hz.

15

Człowiek a pole elektromagnetyczne

51%

Inglot-Siemaszko M.

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1998

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tom z. 7 [164]

5-19

PL

W pracy przedstawiono schematycznie niektóre elektrodynamiczne aspekty funkcjonowania błon komórkowych, komórek, tkanek i układu nerwowego człowieka. Następnie krótko zanalizowano rozwój badań właściwości elektrycznych układów biologicznych. Podkreślono rolę badań przewodnictwa elektrycznego oraz zależności przenikalności elektrycznej materiału biologicznego od częstotliwości przykładanego pola elektromagnetycznego. Na podstawie wykresów literaturowych obliczono szczegółowe wartości gęstości prądu tkanki serca i zewnętrznych warstw mózgu przy częstotliwości 50 Hz. Podano także krótki przegląd nowych prac reprezentujących szeroki zakres badań wpływu pól elektromagnetycznych na układy biologiczne.

EN

In the work we are presenting schematically some electrodynamical aspects of functioning of human cell membranes, cell, tissues and the nervous system We are starting with a short history of the research development of electrical properties biological systems, we are pointing out. The role of electrical conductivity studies and also the role of dielectric permittivity dependance of biological samples o frequency of electromagnetic field need is presented. Basing on graphs known earlier we are calculating exact values of the current densities for the heart tissue and external brain layer when 50 Hz frequency is used. We are giving also a short review of new publications dealing with the wide range of studies on tihe interaction of electromagnetic fields with cells, tissues and living matter.

16

Zastosowanie modeli mechatronicznych zjawisk biorezonansowych występujących w organiźmie ludzkim w diagnostyce i terapii medycznej

51%

Chwaleba A. , Yatsunenko A. G. , Szczurko J.

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2010

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tom R. 83, nr 7

492-495

PL

Obecnie najbardziej podstawowe procesy życiowe występujące w organiźmie ludzkim można opisać językiem matematycznym. Przedstawiono mechatroniczne podejście do procesów zachodzących w ciele człowieka. W tym przypadku zastosowano uproszczone modele komórki i neurytów, które później wykorzystywane są w aparaturze diagnostyczno-terapeutycznej. Na szczególną uwagę zasługują elementy neuronu, gdyż to właśnie one służą jako linie transmisyjne między punktami biologicznie aktywnymi a komórkami. W wyniku stworzenia modelu numerycznego możliwe będzie w przyszłości skonstruowanie dokładnego modelu matematycznego organizmu ludzkiego, co znajdzie szerokie zastosowanie w diagnostyce i terapii medycznej.

EN

Presented is mechatronic approach to the processes taking place within human organisms. Simplified models of cells and axons were used in this case, which then are applied in the diagnosis/therapeutic apparatus. Particular attention is drawn to neuron elements since they perform as the very transmission lines between the cells and bioactive points.

17

Wychowanie „co do ciała i zdrowia” w realiach społeczeństwa somatycz-nego

51%

Gaweł A.

Paedagogia Christiana

|

2015

|

tom 2/36

65-78

PL

Podjęta problematyka koncentruje się na edukacyjnych aspektach antropologicznie uwarunkowanego związku między ciałem i zdrowiem. Znamienną cechą współczesnego społeczeństwa, określanego mianem somatycznego, jest ekspansja kultury ciała oraz upatrywanie w ciele podstawy formowania się tożsamości przy jednoczesnym niedostrzeganiu konsekwencji zdrowotnych, jakie mogą towarzyszyć dokonywanym na ciele zabiegom. Stąd ważnym zadaniem nauczycieli i pedagogów jest kształtowanie u wychowanków przekonania, że zdrowie jest wartością egzystencjalną oraz o tym, że jego ochrona i doskonalenie może wymagać podejmowania działań, których efekty nie są widoczne na powierzchniach ciała.

EN

In this article, the topic is based on examining the educational aspects of anthropological relations between human body and health. A distinguishing feature of contemporary society, which is named as a “somatic society”, is the expansion of the culture of body. Today the body is the basis of identity formation and many people do not take into account that treatments around the body may be accompanied by adverse health consequences. An important task for teachers and educators is shaping beliefs that health is an existential value and that health protection and health promotion require taking actions, the effects of which may not be visible on the surface of the body.

18

Zagadnienie pośmiertnej identyczności ciała Chrystusa i pośmiertnego nazywania części Jego ciała w "Quaestiones quodlibetales" św. Tomasza z Akwinu

51%

Majcherek K.

Rocznik Tomistyczny

|

2015

|

tom 4

267-277

EN

The aim of this paper is to present and discuss the content of two parts of two different quaestiones quodlibetales of Thomas Aquinas. What they have in common is that they both treat the status of Christ (and in particular: of his body) after his death. Although they concern explicitely only the status of Christ, they can also be referred to the status of every human being post mortem. This article shows how Aquinas applies theses derived from his general metaphysical system to defend few statements that he considers necessary to adopt if one wishes to remain within the borders of christian orthodoxy. These statements are: that the death of Christ was a real one; that his divinity was not separated from him during his death; from this second statement a third one is derived: if this is the case, then the body of Christ during his death was the same one as his body before his death. By the way of some extrapolation, we can see what importance these theses and the way of justifying them bear on the more general question of a posthmous condition of human beings, especially their bodies.

19

Ciało w służbie socjalizmu. Cielesność i życie intymne w pierwszym dziesięcioleciu istnienia Związku Radzieckiego

41%

Blecharczyk K.

Tematy z Szewskiej

|

2015

|

nr Errotyzm 2(16)/2015

108-119

PL

Socjalistyczna utopia, bazując na marksistowskiej antropologii, stawiała sobie za cel nie tylko budowę nowego lepszego świata, ale również stworzenie nowego, doskonałego człowieka. Poddając obróbce ciało, oczekiwano zmian w świadomości całego ludzkiego gatunku. Wkrótce po przejęciu władzy bolszewicy rozpoczęli ingerencję we wszystkie sfery ludzkiej cielesności. Opracowano plany powszechnej poprawy stanu zdrowia i higieny, upowszechniano rozwój kultury fizycznej i sport, wykształcono również nowe wzorce estetyczne. Popularne stały się hasła propagujące wolną miłość, ale także te głoszące seksualną wstrzemięźliwość. Wydano szereg rozporządzeń nakierowanych na planowany rozpad rodziny. Ciało i życie intymne każdego człowieka miało ulec pełnej kolektywizacji w służbie socjalizmu dla dobra przyszłych pokoleń.

EN

Socialist utopia based on the Marxist anthropology was not only aimed at establish of the better future, but also at conceive the new, grater man. Changing the human body, the Bolsheviks expected substantive changes in awareness of entire human kind. Soon after the October Revolution they started to interfere in corporality of soviet citizens. Improvement of the public medical condition and hygiene, common physical culture development, new aesthetic and sexual standards and decomposition of a traditional family, was supposed to bring all-encompassing collectivization of the human body.

20

Trzymanie Kobiet Na Dystans Wykorzystywanie Kategorii Płci, Rasy I Różnicy W Profesjonalnym Sporcie

41%

Jakubowska H.

|

2012

|

tom 56

|

nr 3

75-94

EN

In the introduction, the author explains how categories of race and gender are understood in the social sciences. She then presents the world records set in running competitions; these are a departure point for a discussion of perceptions of race and gender and gender and racial differences in sports. The examples, which pertain to playing rules, financial questions and the media discourse, reveal two divergent strategies in the world of sports in regard to gender and racial differences. The first consists in explaining and legitimising differences with the help of the category of biological discourse, the second - based on political correctness - in ignoring them.