Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

The first evidence of a host-to-parasite mitochondrial gene transfer in Orobanchaceae

100%

Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica

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2017

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tom 59

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nr 1

EN

Several parasitic plants are known to have acquired mitochondrial genes via a horizontal transfer from their hosts. However, mitochondrial gene transfer in this direction has not yet been found in the parasite-rich family Orobanchaceae. Based on a phylogenetic analysis of the mitochondrial atp6 gene in selected species of Orobanche s.l., we provide evidence of a host-to-parasite transfer of this gene in O. coerulescens, which is a Eurasiatic species that parasitises Artemisia (Asteraceae). We did not find the original Orobanche atp6 gene in this species, which suggests that it has been replaced by a gene that was acquired from Asteraceae. In addition, our data suggest the occurrence of a second HGT event in the atp6 sequence – from Asteraceae to Phelipanche. Our results support the view that the transfer of genetic material from hosts to parasites influences the mitochondrial genome evolution in the latter.

2

Achievements in horizontal gene transfer studies in parasitic plants

100%

Goralski G. , Denysenko-Bennett M. , Burda A. , Staszecka-Moskal N. , Kwolek D.

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2021

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tom 63

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nr 2

3

CRISPR elements in the Thermococcales: evidence for associated horizontal gene transfer in Pyrococcus furiosus

86%

Portillo M. C. , Gonzalez J. M.

Journal of Applied Genetics

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2009

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tom 50

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nr 4

421-430

EN

The presence and distribution of CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindrome repeat) elements in the archaeal order Thermococcales were analyzed. Four complete genome sequences from the species Pyrococcas abyssi, P. furiosus, P. horikoshii, and Thermococcus kodakaraensis were studied. A fragment of the genome of P. furiosus was flanked by CRISPR elements upstream and by a single element downstream. The composition of the gene sequences contained in this genome fragment (positions 699013 to 855319) showed significant differences from the other genes in the P. furiosus genome. Differences were observed in the GC content at the third codon positions and the frequency of codon usage between the genes located in the analyzed fragment and the other genes in the P. furiosus genome. These results represent the first evidence suggesting that repeated CRISPR elements can be involved in horizontal gene transfer and genomic differentiation of hyperthermophilic Archaea.

4

H-trees: a Model of Evolutionary Scenarios with Horizontal Gene Transfer

86%

Górecki P.

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2010

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tom Vol. 103, nr 1-4

105-128

EN

In this paper, we present a model of evolution of genes in the context of evolution of species. The concept is based on reconciliation models. We assume that the gene evolution is modeled by macro-evolutionary events like gene duplications, losses and horizontal gene transfers (HGTs) while the evolution of species is shaped by speciation events. We define an evolutionary scenario (called an H-tree) which will represent the common evolution of genes and species. We propose a rewrite system for transforming the scenarios. We prove that the system is confluent, sound and strongly normalizing. We show that a scenario in a normal form (that is, non-reducible) is unique and minimal in the sense of the cost computed as the total number of gene duplications, losses and HGTs (mutation cost). We present a classification of the scenarios and analyze their hierarchies.

5

Bakteriofagi jako kluczowy element w regulacji liczebności, zmienności i bioróżnorodności bakterii

72%

Sitek R. , Kowalczewska Z. , Sosnowska E. , Markwitz P. , Drulis-Kawa Z.

Laboratorium - Przegląd Ogólnopolski

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2018

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tom nr 4

48--54

PL

Bakteriofagi (wirusy infekujące bakterie) są najliczniejszą grupą cząstek biologicznych w środowisku, wpływającą na bioróżnorodność i liczebność bakterii oraz obieg materii organicznej. Pomiędzy fagami a bakteriami występuje relacja drapieżnik – ofiara (pasożyt – żywiciel), która warunkuje zachowanie równowagi w populacjach bakterii zamieszkujących daną niszę ekologiczną, jak również generuje zmienność bakterii poprzez horyzontalny transfer genów. Rosnąca oporność bakterii na antybiotyki spowodowała wzrost zainteresowania fagami jako środkami terapeutycznymi. Zastosowanie w leczeniu znaleźć mogą zarówno same fagi, jak i ich enzymy (lizyny i depolimerazy).

EN

Bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria) are the most abundant biological particles in the environment, impacting bacterial number and biodiversity as well as participating in the circulation of organic matter. There is a predator – prey (parasite – host) relation between phages and bacteria, which determines the balance in bacterial populations living in a given ecological niche as well as drives the evolution of bacteria by horizontal gene transfer. The growing antibiotic resistance in bacteria has caused an increasing interest in bacteriophages as therapeutic agents. Both phages and their enzymes (lysins and depolymerases) may be used for treatment.

6

Involvement of plastid, mitochondrial and nuclear genomes in plant-to-plant horizontal gene transfer

72%

Sanchez-Puerta M. V.

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nr 4

EN

This review focuses on plant-to-plant horizontal gene transfer (HGT) involving the three DNA-containing cellular compartments. It highlights the great incidence of HGT in the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) of angiosperms, the increasing number of examples in plant nuclear genomes, and the lack of any convincing evidence for HGT in the well-studied plastid genome of land plants. Most of the foreign mitochondrial genes are non-functional, generally found as pseudogenes in the recipient plant mtDNA that maintains its functional native genes. The few exceptions involve chimeric HGT, in which foreign and native copies recombine leading to a functional and single copy of the gene. Maintenance of foreign genes in plant mitochondria is probably the result of genetic drift, but a possible evolutionary advantage may be conferred through the generation of genetic diversity by gene conversion between native and foreign copies. Conversely, a few cases of nuclear HGT in plants involve functional transfers of novel genes that resulted in adaptive evolution. Direct cell-to-cell contact between plants (e.g. host-parasite relationships or natural grafting) facilitate the exchange of genetic material, in which HGT has been reported for both nuclear and mitochondrial genomes, and in the form of genomic DNA, instead of RNA. A thorough review of the literature indicates that HGT in mitochondrial and nuclear genomes of angiosperms is much more frequent than previously expected and that the evolutionary impact and mechanisms underlying plant-to-plant HGT remain to be uncovered.

7

Pathogenicity islands and the evolution of microorganisms

72%

Mokracka J.

Seria Biologiczna. Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu

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2005

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tom 72

8

Evaluation of the possibility of horizontal gene transfer and accumulation of transgenic DNA from the diet in the bodies of rats

58%

Kosieradzka I. , Vasko V. , Szwacka M. , Przybysz A. , Fiedorowicz S.

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2010

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tom 19

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nr 2

307-315

EN

The procedures for GMO safety tests include traceability of transgenic protein and transgenic DNA if the plant constitutes a component in the diet for an animal. This is due to the possibility of horizontal transfer of genes, accumulation of transgenic DNA in consumer’s organs, or induction of antibiotic resistance in gastrointestinal tract microflora. The last possibility is related to the use of marker genes in the process of transformation. In an in vivo experiment conducted on laboratory rats with the use of transgenic cucumbers expressing the pre-prothaumatin gene, the presence of transgenic DNA in the tissue of kidneys and liver was not detected. Resistance to neomycin of gastrointestinal tract microflora of the rats fed the GMO diet was not found, despite the use of marker genes (npt II) in the process of transformation of the investigated plants.

9

Mobile genetic elements as carriers of antimicrobial resistance genes and transfer of drug resistance in Acinetobacter spp. – selected problems

58%

Karakulska J. , Kaczynska M. , Furowicz A. J. , Fijalkowski K.

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tom 13

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nr 1

10

The decline of antibiotic era - new approaches for antibacterial drug discovery

58%

Jagusztyn-Krynicka E. K. , Wyszynska A.

Polish Journal of Microbiology

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2008

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tom 57

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nr 2

EN

Infectious diseases still remain the main cause of human premature deaths; especially in developing countries. The emergence and spread of pathogenic bacteria resistant to many antibiotics (multidrug-resistant strains) have created the need for the development of novel therapeutic agents. Only two new classes of antibiotics of novel mechanisms of action (linezolid and daptomycin) have been introduced into the market during the last three decades. The recent progress in molecular biology and bacterial genome analysis has had an enormous impact on antibacterial drug research. This review presents new achievements in searching a new bacterial essential genes, a potential targets for antibacterial drugs. Application of metagenomics strategy is also shown. Some recent technologies aimed at development of anti-pathogenic drugs such as inhibitors of quorum sensing process or histidine kinases are also discussed. Extensive research efforts have provided many details concerning structure of bacterial proteins playing an important role in pathogenesis such as adherence proteins or toxins, what allowed searching for antitoxin drugs or drugs interfering with bacterial adhesion. As an example, the review focuses on anthrax therapies under development. Additionally, the article presents the progress in phage therapy; using bacteriophages or their products such as lysins in antibacterial therapy.