The text is devoted to the invention of the microscope and its image in the literature of the nineteenth century. An outline of the history of this optical tool provides a background for presenting the nineteenth-century microscope as a sign of a certain cognitive attitude, or characteristics of a protagonist, and finally – of the way of seeing the world in selected texts by Bolesław Prus ("Słówko o krytyce pozytywnej", "Kroniki", "The Fungi of this World", "The Doll", "The New Women"), supplemented with examples derived from the “utility literature” and memoirs (Orgelbrand’s "Encyklopedia powszechna"), household guides or memories of one of the first female students in Krakow – Jadwiga Klemensiewiczowa from Sikorski’s family).
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