Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

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Contribution Of The Poles Into The Research On The History Of European Diplomacy (18th Century)

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Kurkowski J.

Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki

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2012

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tom 57

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nr 3-4

105-124

EN

The basis of these considerations are editions of sources of the international law as well as reviews of the history of European diplomacy in the 18th and the first half of the 19th century - particularly the work of the famous Martens family (especially Georg Friedrich von Martens), of Johann Ludwig Kluber, Dietrich Heinrich Ludwig von Ompted, Karl Albert von Kamptz etc. The evaluation of Polish achievements in the 18th century presented in these publications is very positive, although the compilation of main editions from the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth is far from complete. Editorial projects of Konarski, Dogiel, Skrzetuski, Obermajer, Jezierski or Siarczyński are a manifestation of a certain specific "documentary" tendency in the Polish literature of this period. In order to explain this certain characteristics of the 18th century culture, visible mostly during the reign of Augustus III and King Stanislaw Augustus, including the controversy surrounding the first partition (with a slight revival during the Great Sejm), one has to appeal to a variety of phenomena associated with the elite of the educated and active in public life personages, represented by a group of patrons, editorial and publishing groups or a list of subscribers of the greatest editorial projects of the period, with Volumina Legum at the forefront. First of all, one has to consider the political context of the phenomenon. Awareness of the crisis of the gentry state exhorted to seek solutions, primarily as part of the "eternal" order: to support institutions on proven and sustainable basis, to restore the good old customs, laws, virtues and long forgotten civic attitudes. There appeared a need for recapitulation - a need for a full, systematic and reliable description of the present, and especially of gathering and organizing the knowledge about the state of the country and of its institutions. A special assignment in systematization, rationalization and restoration of the reality was allocated to history and to the public law - in the Republic of Poland, as in the Reich having the character of "historical right", based on a continuous, uninterrupted tradition. No wonder that one of the basic features of historical and legal retrospection of the time of Augustus III is the timeliness of topics and the focus on their formal and legal sides, which further obliterated boundaries between history and politics. In the explanations for this "documentary" tendency, one must also take into account the intellectual climate of the period, and especially pay attention to the scholarly pattern of humanities with its main slogan "sources and facts should speak for themselves." The impact of the idea of "the republic of science" on the intellectual life of the elite of the Polish-Lithuanian state reached its apogee in the era of union with Saxony and during the reign of Stanislaw Leszczyński in Lorraine. In the world of scholars, editing sources constitute a specific form of historical writing, which in the Republic was also connected with some journalistic functions, as is exemplified by its surprising popularity in the mid-18th century Dzieje w Koronie Polskiej by Łukasz Górnicki, related to the timeliness of the Republic’s rights towards the Duchy of Livonia. Another, no less important than the current political issues, explanatory part, are the educational issues, especially the currently developing education form the elite, as is clearly evident in the curriculum in the standard facilities of the Piarist and Jesuit Orders. Moreover, international affairs increasingly occupied the public opinion stimulated by new means of social communication, especially by newspapers. In Europe of the 18th century, the subject of dispute at the highest levels of power, between main political camps, were usually different concepts of external actions, whereas in the Polish-Lithuanian state, after the foundation of great factions, each of which claimed to be entitled to pursue its own foreign policy. After the partition of the Republic, the journalistic and political contexts of Polish editing of historical sources did not disappeared entirely, as evidence in the form of publications by Leonard Chodźka shows. One may risk saying that this ever-present up to this day current in Polish political and historical thought referring in the international affairs primarily to legal and ethical arguments, has its beginnings in the literature of the 18th century.

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Brilantný stredopoliar Dušan Škvarna

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Kováč D.

Acta historica Neosoliensia Vedecký časopis pre historické vedy

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2015

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tom 18

7-9

XX

Article of historian Dušan Kováč is focused on memories for his colleague Dušan Škvarna and its 60-year jubilee.

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Źródłoznawstwo w służbie króla i Rzeczypospolitej. Uwagi o praktycznych celach badań naukowych doby stanisławowskiej

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Kurkowski J.

Analecta. Studia i Materiały z Dziejów Nauki

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2016

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tom 25

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nr 2(49)

9-37

EN

The article presents political, journalistic and legal-international context of preliminary research and source-studies publications in the times of the reign of Stanislaus Augustus. A constant need to legitimize the power of the King was in the centre of the scheme of historical projects launched by his circles. This tendency was depicted for example in two versions of the painting by Bernardo Bellotto (Canaletto) presenting the election of 1764. Their underlying intention was to accentuate the election’s conformity with political heritage, the rule of law and also with the tradition of the Polish nobility. The point of departure for ‘controlling the past’ was gaining power over its testimony. Therefore a lot of activities of people around the King were undertaken in relation to the public archives: collecting, organising, conservation, research and taking over of the archive material. The emperor ordered to continue the work on the Diplomatic Code that had been started by Piarist Maciej Dogiela. The work was specifically focused on current interests of Rzeczpospolita, as well as formal and legal overtones of published materials. In the international polemic about the First Partition such a ‘scholarly’ form – laborious and indirect to the heart of the problem – could not be applied. However, among the persons who at that time most probably presented the King’s and Rzeczpospolita’s position, we can find names of people known as members of the team working on the Code, other source studies and historiographic initiatives: Jacek Ogrodzki, Karol Wyrwicz, Klemens (Ignacy) Pokubiatta, and possibly also Adam Naruszewicz. Printed historical sources, both of narrative and legal character, played an exceptional role in that polemic. Feliks Łoyko – the most prominent polemicist of the Polish side – supported his historical argument only with source materials already published, probably to enable the reader to check for himself the quoted references. A competent polemic with the lawless partition could therefore be possible thanks to the achievements of source studies in the times of the reign of Augustus III and editorial plans of erudite people gathered around the Załuski Library. Moreover, there is no visible creative difference in this field between the Saxon epoch and the times of the reign of Stanislaus II, and that erudite formula of action, formally aimed at the past, was easily combined with current, pragmatic goals. Source-studies projects defending the rights of Rzeczpospolita could not be limited exclusively to the so-called royal castle circles and ‘state’ ventures. Also members of the elite who were in conflict with the ruler imposed by Russia were getting ready to polemicize with the propaganda of the partitioners. Analysis of the manuscript legacy of Józef Aleksander Jabłonowski contradicts a thesis that the Confederacy of Bar emigrants, when hearing the news about partition, limited themselves to proclaiming Lindawa manifesto. An example can be the draft of the manuscript 1144 Expositio fidelis et authentica juris ad Haliciam, Wlodimiriam, Luceoriam, Premisliam et alia…, preserved in the Princes Czartoryski Library in Kraków, having also its French version. There is an open question who was its author – some involvement of Józef Aleksander Jabłonowski is unquestionable. Jabłonowski’s materials reveal also some tracks of other preliminary research and lists related to the polemic with unlawful activities of the invaders.

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Okupacyjne losy Władysława Konopczyńskiego

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Biliński P.

Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki

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2016

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tom 61

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nr 1

7–39

EN

During the 2nd World War’s Sonderaktion Krakau operation, Konopczyński was arrested by the Germans and sent to Sachsenhausen concentration camp. After returning to Kraków, he committed himself in underground educational activities of the Jagiellonian University and became the head of the history faculty. Throughout the period of German occupation, he lived in his family’s manor house at Młynik near Ojców, where from 1944 he was hiding a Jewish family. He wrote many important scientific worksduring the war, and only part of them was published, the rest remained in typescript in his family collection. In the years 1940–1942, Konopczyński prepared a two-volume work entitled Piłsudski a Polska and simultaneously drafted the Polish history of the years 1918–1939. Then he wrote Konfederacje w rozwoju dziejowym, which was not published at all and until today remains in typescript. The reason it was not published was that his name was on the blacklist of the censorship in the Polish People’s Republic. His next important work was a methodology manual Historyka, which because of the abovementioned censorship at that time was not published as well. Only 70 years after the work had been finished by the author it was published by Maciej Janowski, with his detailed introduction, under the imprint of the Institute of the History of Science. After finishing this work, Konopczyński got down to writing a biography of his long-standing friend, Stefan Surzycki (the typescript of the unpublished work is in the PSB editorial office). Next, he wrote a monograph entitled Pierwszy rozbiór Polski, which was published only after 60 years, compiled by Zofia Zielińska and thanks to the efforts made by the “Arcana” publisher. An academic book entitled Kiedy nami rządziły kobiety was devoted to the times of the reign of Stanislaus II and the Confederacy of Bar. It was published only in 1960 in London. The third trend in his writing was represented by the works: Fryderyk Wielki a Polska (1947) and Kwestia bałtycka do XX wieku (1947). After completing his work on Kwestia bałtycka, Konopoczyński got down to writing Dzieje Inflant, i.e. the history of three nations: Latvians, Estonians and Baltic Germans, addressed to the general public. Currently, this typescript is being prepared for publishing by the Center for Political Thought in Kraków. Konopoczyński was simultaneously writing numerous minor sketches and syntheses for the general public, e.g. Krótki zarys dziejów Polski, Polska w dobie pierwszego rozbioru and biographies of Stanisław Dunin Karwicki, Józef Sawa Caliński, Andrzej Zamoyski and Ferdynand Nax. Only part of those works went to print. Among the works most vital to the science were: Chronologia sejmów polskich 1493–1793 (1948) and Reforma elekcji – czy naprawa Rzeczypospolitej. (Wybór źródeł 1630–2) (1949).

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Pocta k 90‐inám Júliusa Albertyho

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Škvarna D.

Acta historica Neosoliensia Vedecký časopis pre historické vedy

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2015

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tom 18

59-63

SK

Article of historian Dušan Škvarna is focused on life and work of professor Július Alberty and its 90-year jubilee.

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Recepcia Erazma Rotterdamského a uhorských erazmovcov vo Vedomostiach Mateja Bela

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Nagy I.

Acta historica Neosoliensia Vedecký časopis pre historické vedy

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2015

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tom 18

340-358

EN

The work Notitia Hungariae novae by Matej Bel (Bél Mátyás) is based on rich historical source material depicting the character of life in described historic times. For the purpose of emphasizing concrete era or historic figure, it often publishes historic source in its all extent (in extenso). Letters from correspondence of the great figure of Transalpine humanism Erasmus of Rotterdam also belong to such type of source. Matej Bel (Bél Mátyás) used them in the case of three persons whose life destiny is related to history of Hungary. These persons are Esztergom archbishop Mikuláš Oláh (Oláh Miklós), Wroclaw bishop Ján Turzo (Thurzó János) and Olomouc bishop Stanislav Turzo (Thurzó Szaniszló). At this time, all of them are marked as Erasmists, i.e. the most important Central European representants and propagators of humanist ideas of Erasmus of Rotterdam. Matej Bel (Bél Mátyás) wanted to illustrate the meaning of these historic figures through the content of their letters that they exchanged with Erasmus as the most significant humanist scholar. It follows persisting response and reception of Erasmus of Rotterdam in Hungary even at the beginning of the 18th century. Slovak commented edition of letters from the correspondence of Erasmus of Rotterdam with Turzo (Thurzó) family that Matej Bel (Bél Mátyás) used in his work is presented in a supplement.

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Premenlivosť či stálosť reprezentácií Ľudovíta Štúra v maďarskej historiografii? Na príklade Steierových diel o slovenskej otázke

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Kurhajcová A.

Acta historica Neosoliensia Vedecký časopis pre historické vedy

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2015

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tom 18

199-213

DE

Die Studie beschäftigt sich mit der Problematik der Betrachtung von Ľudovít Štúr im Rahmen der ungarischen (d. h. magyarischen) Geschichtsschreibung in der ersten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts. Über drei wesentliche historische Werke vom Historiker und Publizist Lajos Steier, in denen sich er der Geschichte der slowakischen Frage mit Bezug auf die Revolutionsjahre 1848/49 widmete, beobachtet und erfasst man die Stabilität oder vice versa Variabilität Štúr´s Repräsentationen – eines wichtigen Ideologen der slowakischen nationalen Identität. Durch Analyse seiner Publikationen – Slowakische Frage (1912), Tschechen und Slowaken (1919), Slowakische ethnische Frage in 1848 – 1849 (1937) – achtet man nicht nur auf die Interpretation von Ľ. Štúr, seiner Person, Charaktereigenschaften oder Politik, sondern auch auf den zeitgemäßen Kontext (politischen, geopolitischen, ideologischen), der die Steier´s Auslegung der slowakischen nationalen Emanzipationsbewegung und ihrer Führer aus den 30er und 40er Jahren des 19. Jahrhunderts beeinflusste.

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Pojetí selských písmáků, a zvláště F. J. Vaváka českým dějepisectvím na přelomu třicátých a čtyřicátých let 20. století

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Pánek T.

Historie – Otázky – Problémy (History, Issues, Problems)

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2017

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tom 9

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nr 1

23-34

EN

The study analyses the concepts of peasant scribes and in particular F. J. Vavák in the works by Zdeněk Kalista, František Kutnar and Bedřich Slavík in the period of the Second Republic and the first years of the Nazi occupation. It notes the broader temporal factors influencing their interpretations, and the sources they drew on in formulating their theses.

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Znovuzrození Českého časopisu historického

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Pánek J. , Pešek J.

Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)

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2014

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tom 112

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nr 4

605-623

EN

This current study highlights the re-stablishment and development of a leadingCzech historical magazine: The Czech Historical Review (Český časopis historický)after the Czechoslovak “Velvet Revolution” of 1989 until 2002. The Reviewwas published from 1895 until 1949 but in 1953 the Communist regime replacedit by the highly ideological Czechoslovak Historical Review. Professor František Šmahel, the eminent personality of Czech Medieval Studies from the 1960s onwards, though proscribed in the 1970s, took over the management of the Institute of History of the Czech Academy of Sciences in 1990 and thanks to his huge personal involvement and commitment this traditional periodical of the Czech historical community was restored. In addition, he promoted it and was editor- -in-chief until 2002. This study shows the re-establishment and development of the contributor base and the editorial background of the Review; it characterizes its contents profile, international outlook as well as its role as a mirror reflecting transformations of the Czech post-Revolution historiography.

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Český historik Josef Petráň

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Pánek J. , Pešek J. , Vorel P.

Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)

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2018

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tom 116

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nr 2

361-401

EN

Josef Petráň (1930-2017) is justly ranked among the most pivotal Czech historians of the 20th century and the 21th century’s early years. As Professor of Czech History at the Faculty of Arts at Charles University he educated three generations of students and principally impacted upon the develompment of historiography in the Czech Lands. His extensive publishing activity, spanning from 1951 until 2018 (books published posthumously by his wife and fellow researcher Lydia Petráňová), is marked by an all-encompassing breadth of themes, methodological thoroughness and a continuing focus on the key themes of Czech and Central European history of the Late Middle Ages up to present times. The work of Josef Petráň progressed under the difficult conditions of the Communist regime (he himself was persecuted repeatedly), yet it nevertheless became an expression of free thinking and effort to present the truthful interpretation of history against regime propaganda; however, some of his seminal works could only be published after 1989. This article presents a brief outline of the life and work of Josef Petráň (Part I); it then focuses on the evaluation of his works from the field of the economic and social history of the Early Modern Age (Part II) and finally on works from the history of culture and education, in particular Charles University (Part III).

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Od fałszywego uniwersalizmu do fetyszyzacji różnicy. Historia powstania warszawskiego i rewizjonistyczny „zwrot herstoryczny”

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Grzebalska W.

Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość

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2015

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nr 2(26)

139-158

EN

From False Universalism to Fetishisation of Difference. The History of the Warsaw Uprising and the Revisionist ‘Herstorical Turn’ This text is an attempt to connect the reflection on historiography and collective memory with the perspective of gender studies regarding historical writings on the Warsaw Uprising. The article tracks the various stages or ‘ideal types’ of professional and popular historiography and memory of the Warsaw Uprising seen from the perspective of the visibility and position of women: false universalism of a large part of professional historiography of the uprising and the resulting invisibility of women and their experience in historical works; compensatory works that fill the ‘white spots’ of classical historiography, treating the history of women as a mere addition to the history of World War II; as well as the recent ‘herstorical turn’, characterised by a growing interest in women and the distinctiveness of their experiences. The article concludes with a reflection on the theoretical and methodological pitfalls of the ‘herstorical turn’ and attempts to put the phenomenon in broader socio-political context of current cultural wars in Poland.