Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Prolegomena historyczne – wielojęzyczność w Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodów

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Walczak B. , Mielczarek A.

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2017

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tom 17

EN

The article presents a concise characteristic of the linguistic diversity in the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and later (from 1569 that is from the Union of Lublin) in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The heyday of this diversity was in the 15th century before the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was created. From this century (the gentry of the Commonwealth) and even more intensively from the 16th century, the process of the linguistic integration began, at first spontaneously spreading in the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and later (as we mentioned above, from 1569) in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. As a result of this integration, Polish came to be the first language of the political elites. It is worth reminding that the linguistic integration was accompanied by a religious unification. In the 17th century one can observe transcending of Polish (as a language of the higher culture) beyond the borders of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (to Moscow and Wallachia).

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Polskie leksemy o rdzeniu nędz-/nud-

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Krótki Z.

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nr 21

99-109

EN

The paper presents the lexical family with the root nud-/nędz-. The material, containing as many as 52 word forms, excerpted from all of the available lexicographical sources of historical vocabulary, has been presented in the form of a word-formative nest. The goal of the analysis was to reveal the internal structure of motivational relations between the centre of the nest, Proto-Slavonic nuditi, and a group of words of varying degrees of derivativeness. The conducted analyses have revealed the principal metaphorical analogies which contributed to the generation of new metaphorical senses of specific linguistic units, and also, made it possible to indicate and discuss the observed changes in their meanings.

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Po raz piąty wychodząc od Słów prawnych w rzeczy sobie podobnych Bartłomieja Groickiego (1567)

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Zajda A.

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2013

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nr 16

215-229

EN

Starting with B. Groicki’s Słowa prawne w rzeczy sobie podobne (1567), the paper presents the history of legal terms relating to the court procedure: apelacyja ‘appeal’, mocyja ‘judge reprimand’, odesłanie ‘referral’, dawność ‘non-claim’, zasiedzenie ‘usucaption’. Appeal was first practiced in Poland under the Magdeburg Rights, and only since the first quarter of the 16th century also in the and law. On the other hand, the so-called mocyja, i.e. reprimanding of the judge, had been employed for much longer. Difficult cases were sent to a higher court already in the Middle Ages, if the lower court was deemed incompetent, hence odesłanie, remisyja, remisa ‘remittal’. The 1346–1347 statutes of king Casimir III the Great recognize the institution of prescription, hence dawność, preskrypcja ‘non-claim’. Finally, zasiedzenie is ‘the acquisition of ownership by a long, undisputed use’. The use of the word fields method has made it possible to reveal many, often rare, terms that function in various groups, the mutual competition between the components of fields, the victory of some, and the disappearance of others. The evolution of the fields has limited the number of synonyms in simultaneous use.

4

Korpus Polszczyzny XVI wieku

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Opaliński K. , Potoniec P.

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nr 8

17-31

EN

The original purpose of creating the corpus of the 16th Polish language was to preserve the material basis of Słownik polszczyzny XVI wieku (Dictionary of the 16th-Century Polish Language) (SPXVI) comprising 272 texts transliterated in accordance with standardised principles, which is of great value. The project described here consists in creating an online base of the resources and using a part of it as a germ of a language corpus with texts designated with morphosyntactic markers. The works adopted XML encoding in the TEI (Text Encoding Initiative) formalism, version P5, adjusted to a 16th-century text. Typographical elements as well as grammatical categories and forms of words were designated in the texts. The germ of the corpus of the 16th-century Polish language comprises 135 thousand segments and it will be expanded by another 100 thousand in the future to provide material for an automated form designation tool. Ultimately, integration with the Diachronic Corpus of Polish is planned.

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Profesor Marian Kucała – historyk języka, leksykograf i dydaktyk

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Deptuchowa E.

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nr 21

217-225

EN

The paper is a recollection of Professor Marian Kucała (died 2014), a dialectologist and historian of language. Particular emphasis is put on his contribution to historical lexicography and the fields of language learning and teaching (language culture in the broad sense).

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Transformacja immanentną cechą przekładu tekstu specjalistycznego - na podstawie polskiego tłumaczenia Koranu z 2. połowy XVI w.

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Kulwicka-Kamińska J. , Lewicka M.

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nr 2(8)

65-75

EN

The article puts forward a thesis that the work of Tatar translators of Koran in the second half of the sixteenth century, within the scope of the received interpreter's strategies, chosen methods and ways of translation, and the degree of the original's transformation implied by them, suits the rules of scholarly, humanistic text. Exemplary evidence is provided by Muslim terminology excerpted from two copies of original Tatar tefsir. It is pointed out that the translation of Muslims' holy book is characterized both by faithfulness to the original, expressed (among other things) by the lack of equivalence, and also by many modifications of the Arabic source. Those features are considered to be important indicators of the translation of a specialized text.

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Discourse in the context of language history – research potential and perspectives

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Rejter A.

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tom 32

12-22

EN

The aim of the paper is to indicate the research potential and perspective of discourse as a historical and dynamic phenomenon. Methodology used in the paper concentrates on discourse linguistics, stylistics, and text linguistics, which is related to the conceptof language as a mode of communication manifested at its higher levels. What is important, the author is convinced that historical dimensions can be embedded into the definition of discourse. The first aspect constitutes the extension of the reflection at the discourse level in historical language studies. However, the inverse relation is most interesting. It is worth noting that the language history research could enrich the concept of discourse. Referring to previous research on the history of Polish scientific discourse and discourse of the excluded, the author formulates a thesis on the influence of the historical research on the concept of discourse, which could manifest itself in the following ways: (1) remodelling of the definition of discourse; (2) discourse dynamics; and (3) external discourse changes (cultural, sociological). The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The complementarity of language historyand discourse linguistics should be considered. (2) Discourse definition is an open category and, among others, depends on historical changes. (3) The dynamic nature of discourse could be the basis for adopting historical discourse studies as a subdisciplineof linguistics. (4) Historical aspects of discourse can encourage research on communication as a dynamic, multifaceted, and complex component of culture.

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Profesor Marian Kucała – badacz i miłośnik języka polskiego

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Żmigrodzki P.

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nr 21

239-248

EN

The paper presents Professor Marian Kucała (1927–2014), a dialectologist and historian of the Polish language, affiliated throughout his entire life with the Institute of the Polish Language of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Cracow. It presents his biography and a short discussion of his most important scientific achievements, while most space is devoted to a recollection of his activity in the Society of Friends of the Polish Language and in the editing board of the “Język Polski” journal.

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Profesor Marian Kucała jako dialektolog

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Reichan J.

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nr 21

227-237

EN

The paper presents Marian Kucała’s dialectological work in the chronological order. Particular attention has been given to his greatest dialectological achievement, the Porównawczy słownik trzech wsi małopolskich (1957; ‘A comparative dictionary of three villages in Lesser Poland’), emphasizing its superior cognitive and methodological qualities. While discussing Kucała’s various articles, we indicate his originality and ingenuity. Some of his papers refer to linguistic phenomena from his native village of Więciórka, while others cover the whole of the Polish dialectal area. One work that distinguishes itself among them, is the popular title Twoja mowa cię zdradza (1994a, 2002a; ‘Your speech betrays you’) in which Kucała presents to the unqualified reader the most important of Polish dialectal phenomena in an interesting and easy to understand way. While discussing Professor M. Kucała’s dialectological work, one should constantly bear in mind that these rich, diversified and grand achievements constitute only a part of his oeuvre which simultaneously includes works on the history of Polish and the contemporary Polish literary language.